丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿的促生作用

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0388

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 774-788.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0388 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0388

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿的促生作用

姜庆宏¹, 丁露¹, 王哲¹, 郑春丽²^,^*(), 冯昭绰¹

¹ 内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院, 内蒙古包头 014010
² 上海第二工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 201209

收稿日期:2025-10-27 接受日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-22
通讯作者: *郑春丽(zhengchunli1979@163.com)
基金资助:
内蒙古自然科学基金(2023MS04010);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2024XKJX016);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023CXPT004);国家自然科学基金(52264013)

Growth-promoting effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on Medicago sativa

JIANG Qing-Hong¹, DING Lu¹, WANG Zhe¹, ZHENG Chun-Li²^,^*(), FENG Zhao-Chuo¹

¹ School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Nei Mongol 014010, China
² School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China

Received:2025-10-27 Accepted:2026-03-11 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-22
Contact: *ZHENG Chun-Li(zhengchunli1979@163.com)
Supported by:
Nei Mongol Natural Science Foundation(2023MS04010);Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region(2024XKJX016);Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region(2023CXPT004);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52264013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鄂尔多斯半干旱煤矿区长期以来面临着土壤养分贫瘠、植株定植困难等问题。微生物与植物是生态系统中紧密关联的两大类群, 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可与植物互惠共生, 促进土壤生态系统间的养分循环, 但是关于AMF联合不同功能细菌对土壤和草本植物的影响还鲜有研究。该研究将AMF与3种功能细菌多元组合对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根系进行侵染, 探究了其对鄂尔多斯煤矿区半干旱土壤理化性质的改良以及对该地区植株的促生效应。结果表明, 与只种植苜蓿(CK2)相比, AMF+根瘤菌+巨大芽孢杆菌(ARB)体系使得苜蓿根系土壤中的养分水平显著提升, 土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量分别提高了93.7%、117.6%、215.6%。此外, 还提高了植物的抗逆性, 促进了植物的生长, 苜蓿根系的AMF侵染率提高了76.9%, 增加了53.2条一级新根, 侧根长增加8 cm, 地上生物量提升了168.0%。高通量测序结果显示, ARB组中鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)等菌属的相对丰度上升, 成为优势菌属。综上所述, 在ARB微生物体系下真菌与细菌的联合作用对土壤理化性质的改善及苜蓿的促生效果较好, 研究为解决半干旱矿区土壤贫瘠、植物定植困难等问题提供了科学参考。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 细菌真菌联用, 植物生长促进, 土壤微生物修复, 苜蓿

Abstract:

Aims The semi-arid coal mining area of Ordos has long faced challenges such as poor soil fertility and difficulties in plant establishment. Microorganisms and plants are closely interconnected components of ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form mutualistic symbioses with plants and promote nutrient cycling within soil ecosystems. However, studies investigating the combined effects of AMF and different functional bacteria on soil properties and herbaceous plant growth remain limited. In this study, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were combined with three functional bacteria in various inoculation treatments and applied to the roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The study evaluated their effects on improving the physicochemical properties of semi-arid soils in the Ordos coal mining area and their growth-promoting effects on plants.

Methods In this study, we combine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with three functional bacteria in multiple combinations to inoculate the alfalfa roots, investigate their improvement effects on the physicochemical properties of semi-arid soils in Ordos coal mining area and the growth-promoting effects on plants in the region.

Important findings Our results reveal that, compared with only growing alfalfa, the AMF + Rhizobium + Bacillus megaterium (ARB) system significantly enhanced the nutrient levels in the soil of alfalfa roots. Contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorous increased by 93.7%, 117.6% and 215.6%, respectively. This treatment also enhanced the stress resistance of plants and promotes its growth. The AMF infection rate in alfalfa roots increased by 76.9%, the primary roots increased by 53.2, the lateral root length increased by 8 cm, and the aboveground biomass of alfalfa increased by 168.0%. High-throughput sequencing results showed that in the ARB treatment, the relative abundances of the genera such as Sphingomonas, and Arthrobacterincreased, becoming dominant genera. These findings provide a scientific basis for addressing soil infertility and difficulties in plant establishment challenges in semi-arid mining areas.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacterial-fungal combination, plant growth promotion, soil microbial remediation, Medicago sativa

姜庆宏, 丁露, 王哲, 郑春丽, 冯昭绰. 丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿的促生作用. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 774-788. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0388

JIANG Qing-Hong, DING Lu, WANG Zhe, ZHENG Chun-Li, FENG Zhao-Chuo. Growth-promoting effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on Medicago sativa. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 774-788. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0388

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0388

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/774

图/表 10

表1 丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿根系土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on soil physicochemical properties of alfalfa roots (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理 Treatment	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (%)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)
CK1	9.09 ± 0.05^a	0.11 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.03 ± 0.01^j	0.09 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.23 ± 0.15ⁱ	0.78 ± 0.03^h	175 ± 2.3^g
CK2	8.77 ± 0.07^b	0.22 ± 0.02^h	1.43 ± 0.04ⁱ	0.17 ± 0.01^h	2.30 ± 0.36^h	0.83 ± 0.12^gh	225 ± 2.9^f
A	8.35 ± 0.04^de	0.39 ± 0.02^ef	2.17 ± 0.03^d	0.29 ± 0.01^cde	2.68 ± 0.25^fgh	1.09 ± 0.06^fgh	266 ± 3.3^bc
R	8.55 ± 0.02^c	0.30 ± 0.01^g	1.75 ± 0.06^g	0.27 ± 0.02^de	2.66 ± 0.27^fgh	1.17 ± 0.15^efgh	243 ± 2.8^e
AR	8.25 ± 0.06^ef	0.39 ± 0.03^ef	2.37 ± 0.04^c	0.29 ± 0.01^cde	3.00 ± 0.16^defgh	1.69 ± 0.13^bcd	257 ± 2.1^cd
K	8.60 ± 0.08^c	0.31 ± 0.01^g	1.63 ± 0.05^h	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	3.84 ± 0.27^bcde	1.15 ± 0.12^efgh	235 ± 4.6^ef
AK	8.37 ± 0.07^de	0.35 ± 0.02^fg	1.89 ± 0.01^e	0.25 ± 0.02^ef	4.01 ± 0.43^bcd	1.27 ± 0.11^defg	245 ± 7.7^de
B	8.57 ± 0.03^c	0.32 ± 0.04^g	1.78 ± 0.07^fg	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	2.57 ± 0.44^fgh	1.43 ± 0.14^cdef	230 ± 6.5^ef
AB	8.30 ± 0.08^e	0.48 ± 0.02^cd	1.87 ± 0.05^ef	0.22 ± 0.01^fg	3.41 ± 0.24^cdefgh	1.56 ± 0.15^cde	231 ± 7.2^ef
RK	8.35 ± 0.04^de	0.42 ± 0.01^de	1.89 ± 0.04^e	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	2.77 ± 0.65^efgh	1.53 ± 0.12^cdef	236 ± 8.8^ef
ARK	8.10 ± 0.02^g	0.51 ± 0.02^bc	2.57 ± 0.03^b	0.34 ± 0.02^abc	3.67 ± 0.16^bcdef	1.66 ± 0.13^bcd	272 ± 6.9^b
RB	8.37 ± 0.03^de	0.42 ± 0.03^de	1.72 ± 0.02^gh	0.31 ± 0.03^bcd	2.45 ± 0.78^gh	2.02 ± 0.16^b	234 ± 4.7^ef
ARB	8.15 ± 0.05^fg	0.48 ± 0.04^cd	2.77 ± 0.02^a	0.37 ± 0.01^a	4.59 ± 0.52^ab	2.62 ± 0.25^a	293 ± 3.9^a
BK	8.57 ± 0.04^c	0.43 ± 0.01^de	1.69 ± 0.04^gh	0.31 ± 0.04^bcd	3.13 ± 0.53^cdefgh	1.23 ± 0.28^defgh	292 ± 4.8^a
ABK	8.48 ± 0.07^cd	0.53 ± 0.05^bc	2.56 ± 0.03^b	0.35 ± 0.01^ab	3.54 ± 0.44^bcdefg	1.84 ± 0.26^bc	294 ± 6.8^a
RBK	8.59 ± 0.09^c	0.57 ± 0.01^ab	1.87 ± 0.06^ef	0.30 ± 0.01^bcd	4.17 ± 0.15^abc	1.68 ± 0.25^bcd	234 ± 4.6^ef
ARBK	8.23 ± 0.07^efg	0.61 ± 0.01^a	2.55 ± 0.04^b	0.32 ± 0.03^bcd	5.06 ± 0.28^a	1.90 ± 0.13^bc	276 ± 3.7^b

表1 丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿根系土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on soil physicochemical properties of alfalfa roots (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理 Treatment	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity (ms·cm^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (%)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)
CK1	9.09 ± 0.05^a	0.11 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.03 ± 0.01^j	0.09 ± 0.01ⁱ	1.23 ± 0.15ⁱ	0.78 ± 0.03^h	175 ± 2.3^g
CK2	8.77 ± 0.07^b	0.22 ± 0.02^h	1.43 ± 0.04ⁱ	0.17 ± 0.01^h	2.30 ± 0.36^h	0.83 ± 0.12^gh	225 ± 2.9^f
A	8.35 ± 0.04^de	0.39 ± 0.02^ef	2.17 ± 0.03^d	0.29 ± 0.01^cde	2.68 ± 0.25^fgh	1.09 ± 0.06^fgh	266 ± 3.3^bc
R	8.55 ± 0.02^c	0.30 ± 0.01^g	1.75 ± 0.06^g	0.27 ± 0.02^de	2.66 ± 0.27^fgh	1.17 ± 0.15^efgh	243 ± 2.8^e
AR	8.25 ± 0.06^ef	0.39 ± 0.03^ef	2.37 ± 0.04^c	0.29 ± 0.01^cde	3.00 ± 0.16^defgh	1.69 ± 0.13^bcd	257 ± 2.1^cd
K	8.60 ± 0.08^c	0.31 ± 0.01^g	1.63 ± 0.05^h	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	3.84 ± 0.27^bcde	1.15 ± 0.12^efgh	235 ± 4.6^ef
AK	8.37 ± 0.07^de	0.35 ± 0.02^fg	1.89 ± 0.01^e	0.25 ± 0.02^ef	4.01 ± 0.43^bcd	1.27 ± 0.11^defg	245 ± 7.7^de
B	8.57 ± 0.03^c	0.32 ± 0.04^g	1.78 ± 0.07^fg	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	2.57 ± 0.44^fgh	1.43 ± 0.14^cdef	230 ± 6.5^ef
AB	8.30 ± 0.08^e	0.48 ± 0.02^cd	1.87 ± 0.05^ef	0.22 ± 0.01^fg	3.41 ± 0.24^cdefgh	1.56 ± 0.15^cde	231 ± 7.2^ef
RK	8.35 ± 0.04^de	0.42 ± 0.01^de	1.89 ± 0.04^e	0.20 ± 0.01^gh	2.77 ± 0.65^efgh	1.53 ± 0.12^cdef	236 ± 8.8^ef
ARK	8.10 ± 0.02^g	0.51 ± 0.02^bc	2.57 ± 0.03^b	0.34 ± 0.02^abc	3.67 ± 0.16^bcdef	1.66 ± 0.13^bcd	272 ± 6.9^b
RB	8.37 ± 0.03^de	0.42 ± 0.03^de	1.72 ± 0.02^gh	0.31 ± 0.03^bcd	2.45 ± 0.78^gh	2.02 ± 0.16^b	234 ± 4.7^ef
ARB	8.15 ± 0.05^fg	0.48 ± 0.04^cd	2.77 ± 0.02^a	0.37 ± 0.01^a	4.59 ± 0.52^ab	2.62 ± 0.25^a	293 ± 3.9^a
BK	8.57 ± 0.04^c	0.43 ± 0.01^de	1.69 ± 0.04^gh	0.31 ± 0.04^bcd	3.13 ± 0.53^cdefgh	1.23 ± 0.28^defgh	292 ± 4.8^a
ABK	8.48 ± 0.07^cd	0.53 ± 0.05^bc	2.56 ± 0.03^b	0.35 ± 0.01^ab	3.54 ± 0.44^bcdefg	1.84 ± 0.26^bc	294 ± 6.8^a
RBK	8.59 ± 0.09^c	0.57 ± 0.01^ab	1.87 ± 0.06^ef	0.30 ± 0.01^bcd	4.17 ± 0.15^abc	1.68 ± 0.25^bcd	234 ± 4.6^ef
ARBK	8.23 ± 0.07^efg	0.61 ± 0.01^a	2.55 ± 0.04^b	0.32 ± 0.03^bcd	5.06 ± 0.28^a	1.90 ± 0.13^bc	276 ± 3.7^b

图1 丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿根系土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表1。

Fig. 1 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on soil urease activity in alfalfa roots (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05). Treatments see Table 1.

表2 不同接种处理的苜蓿根系情况(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 2 Root status of alfalfa with different inoculation treatments (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理 Treatment	根系侵染率 Root infection rate (%)	一级新根数 First-level new root (条)	侧根长 Lateral root length (cm)	根系可溶性蛋白含量 Root soluble proteins content (mg·g^-1)
CK2	1.36 ± 1.23^f	68.36 ± 13.22^bc	8.9 ± 2.33^b	2.86 ± 1.56^ns
A	51.38 ± 2.32^e	98.56 ± 12.32^abc	12.4 ± 3.23^ab	3.12 ± 1.36^ns
R	2.35 ± 1.21^f	78.69 ± 21.63^abc	10.4 ± 3.13^ab	3.66 ± 1.26^ns
AR	63.25 ± 2.33^c	112.38 ± 11.55^abc	14.3 ± 3.33^ab	4.13 ± 1.54^ns
K	1.35 ± 1.22^f	72.36 ± 12.46^abc	9.3 ± 3.23^ab	3.32 ± 1.36^ns
AK	55.78 ± 1.31^d	102.36 ± 13.83^abc	11.3 ± 2.13^ab	4.32 ± 1.52^ns
B	3.65 ± 2.22^f	66.75 ± 23.55^bc	8.3 ± 2.21^b	3.65 ± 1.23^ns
AB	58.93 ± 2.13^d	98.32 ± 12.21^abc	13.3 ± 2.33^ab	4.12 ± 1.21^ns
RK	2.35 ± 2.46^f	64.36 ± 22.32^c	10.3 ± 1.26^ab	3.65 ± 1.65^ns
ARK	72.35 ± 1.55^b	118.36 ± 13.23^ab	15.2 ± 1.15^ab	4.93 ± 1.63^ns
RB	1.36 ± 0.66^f	71.23 ± 22.12^abc	9.8 ± 2.34^ab	3.23 ± 1.54^ns
ARB	78.23 ± 1.33^a	121.56 ± 11.25^a	16.9 ± 3.28^a	3.65 ± 1.23^ns
BK	2.36 ± 1.23^f	75.36 ± 22.36^abc	8.1 ± 2.59^b	2.95 ± 1.25^ns
ABK	61.32 ± 1.12^c	103.56 ± 23.25^abc	12.3 ± 3.36^ab	3.65 ± 1.12^ns
RBK	3.65 ± 2.22^f	74.25 ± 22.12^abc	9.8 ± 1.65^ab	3.26 ± 1.12^ns
ARBK	68.32 ± 2.31^b	109.63 ± 11.33^abc	14.3 ± 3.32^ab	3.99 ± 1.32^ns

图2 不同接种处理的苜蓿生长状况。不同小写字母表示不同处理组间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表1。

Fig. 2 Growth status of alfalfa with different inoculation treatments. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different groups (p < 0.05). Treatments see Table 1.

图3 不同接种处理的苜蓿叶片营养含量(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同处理组间差异显著(p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05。处理同表1。

Fig. 3 Nutritional content of alfalfa leaves with different inoculation treatments (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different groups (p < 0.05); ns, p > 0.05. Treatments see Table 1.

图4 不同接种处理的苜蓿叶片的抗逆情况(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同处理组间差异显著(p < 0.05)。处理同表1。

Fig. 4 Stress resistance of alfalfa leaves with different inoculated treatments (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different groups (p < 0.05). Treatments see Table 1.

图5 不同接种处理的苜蓿根际土壤微生物群落组成(门水平)。处理同表1。

Fig. 5 Species composition of alfalfa rhizosphere soil under different inoculation treatments (phylum level). Treatments see Table 1.

图6 不同接种处理土壤的细菌群落组成。A, 门水平。B, 属水平。处理同表1。

Fig. 6 Soil bacterial community composition under different inoculation treatments. A, Phylum level. B, Genus level. Treatments see Table 1.

图7 不同接种处理微生物差异火山图(属水平)。A, CK1 (矿区原土)与ARB (接种AMF+根瘤菌+巨大芽孢杆菌)。B, CK2 (只种植苜蓿)与ARB (接种AMF+根瘤菌+巨大芽孢杆菌)。Foldchange, 两组OUT相对分度的变化倍数; padj, 校正后的p值。

Fig. 7 Volcanic map of microorganisms under different inoculation treatments (genus level). A, CK1(mining area original soil) and ARB(inoculating AMF + Rhizobium + Bacillus megaterium). B, CK2(only growing alfalfa) and ARB(inoculating AMF + Rhizobium + Bacillus megaterium). Foldchange, changes in the relative abundance of OTUs between two groups; padj, adjusted p value.

图8 优势微生物环境因子相关性热图。A, 土壤理化性质。B, 植物理化性质。AK, 速效钾含量; AN, 铵态氮含量; AP, 速效磷含量; Biomass, 生物量; Carotenoid, 类胡萝卜素含量; Chla, 叶绿素a含量; Chlb, 叶绿素b含量; CR, 根系侵染率; EC, 电导率; FLNR, 一级新根数; GR, 发芽率; H, 株高; LR, 侧根长; OM, 有机质含量; RSP, 根系可溶性蛋白含量; RSR, 根冠比; SP, 可溶性蛋白含量; TN, 总氮含量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 8 Correlation heat map of dominant microbial environmental factors. A, Soil physicochemical properties. B, Plant physicochemical properties. AK, available potassium content; AN, ammonium nitrogen content; AP, available phosphorus content; Chla, chlorophyll a content; Chlb, chlorophyll b content; CR, infection rate; EC, electrical conductivity; FLNR, first-level new root; GR, germination rates; H, height; LR, lateral root length; OM, organic matter content; RSP, root soluble proteins content; RSR, root-shoot ratios; SP, soluble protein content; TN, total nitrogen content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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丛枝菌根真菌与不同功能细菌联用对苜蓿的促生作用

Growth-promoting effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi combined with different functional bacteria on Medicago sativa

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