基于生态系统服务和景观形态的浑善达克沙地生态安全格局

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建生态安全格局是半干旱区可持续发展的重要途径和保障。该研究以浑善达克沙地为研究对象, 旨在为半干旱区生态保护和构建生态安全格局提供一种耦合“生态系统服务-景观形态-机器学习-电路理论”的新思路, 并针对生态核心区、修复区和改善区, 提出了以水与生态可持续利用为核心的环境管理优化策略。该研究在“生态源地-阻力面-生态廊道”生态安全格局构建范式的指导下, 基于6项关键生态系统服务(肉类供给、产水量、固碳服务、土壤保持、防风固沙和生境质量)物质量评估结果, 结合形态学空间格局分析确定核心区和水域作为生态源地, 采用随机森林模型和空间运算生成阻力面, 应用电路理论实现对生态廊道和关键节点的识别, 构建浑善达克沙地生态安全格局并提出分区优化建议。主要结果: (1)浑善达克沙地生态源地面积共4 674.17 km², 占总面积的14.96%, 主要集中在东部地区; 中部地区的生态源地呈碎片化。(2)识别生态廊道51条, 总长度为1 351.66 km; 生态节点57个, 主要分布在中南部和北部狭长廊道。(3)完成浑善达克沙地自东向西的“源水连修”生态安全格局构建及其优化。

关键词: 生态安全格局, 生态系统服务, 形态学空间格局分析, 电路理论, 浑善达克沙地

Abstract:

Aims The establishment of an ecological security pattern serves as a pivotal pathway and safeguard for sustainable development in semi-arid regions. Taking the Hunshandake Sandy Land as an example, this study aims to provide a novel approach to ecological protection and an ecological security pattern in semi-arid regions, which integrates “Ecosystem Services (ES), landscape morphology, machine learning, and circuit theory”. Additionally, we propose optimized environmental management strategies centered on the sustainable utilization of water, targeting ecological core areas, restoration zones, and improvement regions.

Methods We focused on Hunshandake Sandy Land and employed the “Ecological Source-Resistance Surface-Ecological Corridor” paradigm to assess six ecosystem services, including livestock production, carbon sequestration, water yield, soil conservation, sandstorm prevention, and habitat quality. By integrating Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), we identified core areas and water bodies as ecological source areas and employed a random forest model and spatial operations to generate the resistance surface. Furthermore, used circuit theory, ecological corridors were identified and key ecological nodes were determined to establish the ecological security pattern within the Hunshandake Sandy Land, accompanied by the proposal of optimization recommendations.

Important findings The result indicated that: (1) The total area of the ecological source sites is 4 674.17 km², accounting for 14.96% of the total area, primarily concentrated in the eastern region. Ecological source sites in the central region are fragmented. (2) We identified 51 ecological corridors with a total length of 1 351.66 km; there are 57 ecological nodes, mainly distributed in the central-southern and narrow corridors in the north. (3) The construction and optimization of the ecological security pattern from east to west in the Hunshandake Sandy Land, consisting of “Ecological source sites-Water-Restoration areas”, have been completed.

Key words: ecological security pattern, ecosystem services, MSPA, circuit theory, Hunshandake Sandy Land

王惺琪, 范宇阳, 张维琛, 王博杰. 基于生态系统服务和景观形态的浑善达克沙地生态安全格局. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2030-2042. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

WANG Xing-Qi, FAN Yu-Yang, ZHANG Wei-Chen, WANG Bo-Jie. Investigation on the ecological security pattern of Hunshandake Sandy Land considering ecosystem services and landscape morphology. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2030-2042. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0449

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2030

图/表 8

参考文献 37

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数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution (m)	数据来源 Data source
数字高程 Digital Elevation Model	30	地理空间数据云 Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
土地利用类型 Land use type	30	资源与环境科学数据平台 Chinese Resource and Environment Science Data Platform (http://www.resdc.cn)
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	250	美国国家航空航天局(NASA)地球数据中心 NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems Program (https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/)
气象数据 Meteorological data	250	中国国家气象中心 China Meteorological Data Service Centre (https://data.cma.cn/)
土壤类型 Soil type	1 000	联合国粮食及农业组织土壤数据 Harmonized World Soil Database (https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/en/)
人口 Population	1 000	LandScan全球人口数据 LandScan Population Data (https://landscan.ornl.gov/)
地区生产总值 Gross Domestic Product	1 000	地理空间监测云平台 Geographical Information Monitoring Cloud Platform (http://www.dsac.cn/DataProduct/)
肉类总产量 Total meat production	-	2021年锡林郭勒盟统计年鉴 Xilingol League Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.xlgl.gov.cn/) 2021年赤峰统计年鉴 Chifeng Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.chifeng.gov.cn/)

数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution (m)	数据来源 Data source
数字高程 Digital Elevation Model	30	地理空间数据云 Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn/)
土地利用类型 Land use type	30	资源与环境科学数据平台 Chinese Resource and Environment Science Data Platform (http://www.resdc.cn)
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	250	美国国家航空航天局(NASA)地球数据中心 NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems Program (https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/)
气象数据 Meteorological data	250	中国国家气象中心 China Meteorological Data Service Centre (https://data.cma.cn/)
土壤类型 Soil type	1 000	联合国粮食及农业组织土壤数据 Harmonized World Soil Database (https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/en/)
人口 Population	1 000	LandScan全球人口数据 LandScan Population Data (https://landscan.ornl.gov/)
地区生产总值 Gross Domestic Product	1 000	地理空间监测云平台 Geographical Information Monitoring Cloud Platform (http://www.dsac.cn/DataProduct/)
肉类总产量 Total meat production	-	2021年锡林郭勒盟统计年鉴 Xilingol League Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.xlgl.gov.cn/) 2021年赤峰统计年鉴 Chifeng Statistical Yearbook (2021) (http://tjj.chifeng.gov.cn/)

阻力因子 Resistance factor	阻力系数 Resistance coefficient					权重 Weight
阻力因子 Resistance factor	1	2	3	4	5	权重 Weight
土地利用类型 Land use type	草地、林地和灌丛 Grassland, woodland and bushland	耕地 Arable land	水体 Water	未利用地 Unused land	建设用地 Construction land	0.30
温度 Temperature (℃)	3.56-3.99	3.33-3.56	2.63-2.93	2.93-3.13	3.13-3.33	0.17
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	0.31-0.56	0.24-0.31	0.19-0.24	0.15-0.19	0-0.15	0.14
干旱指数 Aridity Index	1.45-2.03	2.03-2.46	2.46-2.93	2.93-3.45	3.45-4.06	0.12
坡度 Slope (°)	9.93-22.60	4.61-9.93	0-0.89	2.22-4.61	0.89-2.22	0.09
人口 Population	0-27	27-114	114-281	281-560	560-971	0.09
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 385-1 790	1 286-1 385	1 195-1 286	1 095-1 195	925-1 095	0.07
道路缓冲距离 Road buffer distance (km)	<1	1-2	2-3	3-4	>4	0.02

阻力因子 Resistance factor	阻力系数 Resistance coefficient					权重 Weight
阻力因子 Resistance factor	1	2	3	4	5	权重 Weight
土地利用类型 Land use type	草地、林地和灌丛 Grassland, woodland and bushland	耕地 Arable land	水体 Water	未利用地 Unused land	建设用地 Construction land	0.30
温度 Temperature (℃)	3.56-3.99	3.33-3.56	2.63-2.93	2.93-3.13	3.13-3.33	0.17
归一化植被指数 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	0.31-0.56	0.24-0.31	0.19-0.24	0.15-0.19	0-0.15	0.14
干旱指数 Aridity Index	1.45-2.03	2.03-2.46	2.46-2.93	2.93-3.45	3.45-4.06	0.12
坡度 Slope (°)	9.93-22.60	4.61-9.93	0-0.89	2.22-4.61	0.89-2.22	0.09
人口 Population	0-27	27-114	114-281	281-560	560-971	0.09
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 385-1 790	1 286-1 385	1 195-1 286	1 095-1 195	925-1 095	0.07
道路缓冲距离 Road buffer distance (km)	<1	1-2	2-3	3-4	>4	0.02