草地生态系统生物量在不同气候及多时间尺度上对氮添加和增雨处理的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0056

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 818-830.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0056

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

草地生态系统生物量在不同气候及多时间尺度上对氮添加和增雨处理的响应

刁励玮^1,^2,^*,李平^2,^3,^*,刘卫星²,徐姗⁴,乔春连⁵,曾辉^1,⁶,刘玲莉^2,^3,^**()

1 北京大学深圳研究生院, 城市规划与设计学院, 广东深圳 518055
2 中国科学院植物研究所, 植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
5 信阳师范学院大别山生物农业资源开发与利用研究院, 河南信阳 464000
6 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2018-03-07 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-11-03
通讯作者: 刁励玮,李平,刘玲莉
基金资助:
科技部国家重大科学研究计划(2014CB954003);国家自然科学基金(31522011)

Response of plant biomass to nitrogen addition and precipitation increasing under different climate conditions and time scales in grassland

DIAO Li-Wei^1,^2,^*,LI Ping^2,^3,^*,LIU Wei-Xing²,XU Shan⁴,QIAO Chun-Lian⁵,ZENG Hui^1,⁶,LIU Ling-Li^2,^3,^**()

1 School of Urban Plan and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
5 Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in the Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, China; and 6College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
6 College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2018-03-07 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-11-03
Contact: Li-Wei DIAO,Ping LI,Ling-Li LIU
Supported by:
Supported by the Chinese National Key Development Program for Basic Research(2014CB954003);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31522011)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生产力是草地生态系统重要的服务功能, 而生物量作为生态系统生产力的主要组成部分, 往往同时受到氮和水分两个因素的限制。在全球变化背景下, 研究草地生态系统生物量对氮沉降增加和降水变化的响应具有重要意义, 但现有研究缺乏对其在大区域空间尺度以及长时间尺度上响应的综合评估和量化。本研究搜集了1990-2017年间发表论文的有关模拟氮沉降及降水变化研究的相关数据, 进行整合分析, 探讨草地生态系统生物量对氮沉降和降水量两个因素的变化在空间和时间尺度上的响应。结果表明: (1)氮添加、增雨处理以及同时增氮增雨处理都能够显著地提高草地生态系统的地上生物量(37%, 41%, 104%)、总生物量(32%, 23%, 60%)和地上地下生物量比(29%, 25%, 46%)。单独增雨显著提高地下生物量(10%), 单独施氮对地下生物量影响不显著, 但同时增雨则能显著提高地下生物量(43%); (2)氮添加和增雨处理对草地生态系统生物量的影响存在明显的空间变异。在温暖性气候区和海洋性气候区的草地生态系统中, 氮添加对地上、总生物量及地上地下生物量比的促进作用更强, 而在寒冷性气候区和温带大陆性气候区的草地生态系统中, 则增雨处理对地下、总生物量的促进作用更强; (3)草地生态系统生物量对氮添加和增雨处理的响应也存在时间格局上的变化, 地下生物量随着氮添加年限的增加有降低的趋势, 地上、总生物量及地上地下生物量比则有增加的趋势。增雨年限的增加对总生物量没有明显的影响, 但持续促进地上生物量和地下生物量, 增加地上地下生物量比, 可见长期增氮、长期增雨对地上生物量的促进作用更明显。

关键词: 草地生物量, 氮添加, 增雨, 响应比, 整合回归, 气候条件, 时间尺度

Abstract:

Aims Plant biomass accounts for the main part of grassland productivity. The productivity of grassland regarded as one of important ecosystem function is always co-limited by nitrogen and water availability, therefore, how grasslands respond to atmosphic nitrogen (N) addition and precipitation increasing need to be systematically and quantitatively evaluated at different climate conditions and temporal scales.
Methods To investigate the impact of nitrogen addition and precipitation increasing on grassland biomass over climate conditions and temproal scales, a meta-analysis was conducted based on 46 papers that were published during 1990-2017 involving 1 350 observations.
Important findings Results showed that: (1) N addtion, precipitation increasing and the combinations of these two treatments significantly increased the aboveground biomass (37%, 41%, 104%), total biomass (32%, 23%, 60%) and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (29%, 25%, 46%) in grassland ecosystem. Belowground biomass showed no response to single N addtion, but could be significantly enhanced together with increaseing precipitation; (2) The response of grassland biomass under these N addtion and the increasing of precipitation showed obvious spatial pattern under different climate conditions. The N addition tended to increase more aboveground biomass, total biomass and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass under high sites with high mean annual air temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) while precipitation increasing tended to simulate more belowground biomass and total biomass under low MAT and MAP sites; (3) In addition, the response of grassland biomass under these two global change index showed obvious temporal pattern. With the increase of duration of N addition, the belowgound biomass tended to decrease, while the aboveground biomass, total biomass and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass tended to increase under N addition. With the increase of duration of precipitation manipulation, the total biomass showed no response to precipitation increasing, while aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass tended to be enhanced. The results indicated that aboveground biomass was more likely to be enhanced than belowground biomass under N addition or precipitation increasing in the long term.

Key words: grassland biomass, nitrogen addition, precipitation increasing, response ratio, meta-regression, climate condition, temporal scale

刁励玮,李平,刘卫星,徐姗,乔春连,曾辉,刘玲莉. 草地生态系统生物量在不同气候及多时间尺度上对氮添加和增雨处理的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(8): 818-830. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0056

DIAO Li-Wei,LI Ping,LIU Wei-Xing,XU Shan,QIAO Chun-Lian,ZENG Hui,LIU Ling-Li. Response of plant biomass to nitrogen addition and precipitation increasing under different climate conditions and time scales in grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(8): 818-830. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0056

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0056

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I8/818

图/表 7

图1 整合分析站点分布图。

Fig. 1 The map of distribution of all the field experiments in this meta-analysis.

表1 数据库结构及参数

Table 1 Database structure and parameters

氮添加 Nitrogen addition
实验数量 Study numbers	地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	地上地下生物量比 AGB/BGB
年均 Annual mean	109	56	59	42
年际 Inter-annual	169	79	74	37
增雨处理 Precipitation increasing
实验数量 Study numbers	地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	地上地下生物量比 AGB/BGB
年均 Annual mean	77	82	71	51
年际 Inter-annual	62	90	98	32
增氮增雨处理 Nitrogen addition and precipitation increasing
实验数量 Study numbers	地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	地上地下生物量比 AGB/BGB
年均 Annual mean	19	21	17	14
年际 Inter-annual	21	32	27	11

图2 氮添加处理(圆圈)、增雨处理(正方形)及同时增氮增雨处理(菱形)对地上生物量(AGB)(A)、地下生物量(BGB)(B)、总生物量(TB)(C)及地上地下生物量比(AGB/BGB)(D)的影响(平均值± 95%CI)。图中数字代表独立研究数量。

Fig. 2 Effects of N addition (in circle), precipitation increasing (in square) and N addition plus precipitation increasing (in rhombus) on aboveground biomass (AGB)(A), belowground biomass (BGB)(B), total biomass (TB)(C) and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (AGB/BGB)(D) (mean ± 95%CI). Numbers in the parentheses represent study number.

图3 整合回归结果显示地上生物量(AGB)(A, E)、地下生物量(BGB)(B, F)、总生物量(TB)(C, G)和地上地下生物量比(AGB/BGB)(D, H)沿处理梯度的变化。A-D代表氮添加, E-H代表增雨处理, 圆圈的大小代表响应比在随机效应meta回归中的权重。圆圈越大, 权重越大, 贡献度越高。黑色圆点纵坐标为响应比平均值±标准误差, 横坐标为处理梯度平均值±标准误差。

Fig. 3 Bubble plots of the meta-regression results between the response of aboveground biomass (AGB)(A, E), belowground biomass (BGB)(B, F), total biomass(TB)(C, G) and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (AGB/BGB)(D, H) to the treatment level of N addition and precipitation increasing. A-D represent the N addition treatment; E-H represent the precipitation increasing treatment. The size of the bubble is the relative weight of the effect size (response ratio, RR) in the random-effects meta- regression. Larger bubbles indicate study outcomes that contribute a great overall weight in meta-regression. The y-direction error bars of the black dots represent the standard error of the means of response ratio; the x-direction error bars represent the standard error of treatment level under N addition and precipitation increasing.

图4 整合回归结果显示随着实验站点年平均气温(MAT)升高, 地上生物量(AGB)(A, E)、地下生物量(BGB)(B, F)、总生物量(TB)(C, G)和地上地下生物量比(AGB/BGB)(D, H)在不同处理下的变化。A-D代表氮添加, E-H代表增雨处理, 圆圈的大小代表响应比在随机效应meta回归中的权重。圆圈越大, 权重越大, 贡献度越高。黑色圆点纵坐标为响应比平均值±标准误差, 横坐标为处理梯度平均值±标准误差。

Fig. 4 Bubble plots of the meta-regression results between the response of aboveground biomass (AGB)(A, E), belowground biomass (BGB)(B, F), total biomass (TB)(C, G) and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (AGB/BGB)(D, H) to the mean annual temperature (MAT) in the study sites. A-D represent the N addition treatment; E-H represent the precipitation increasing treatment. The size of the bubble is the relative weight of the effect size (response ratio, RR) in the random-effects meta-regression. Larger bubbles indicate study outcomes that contribute a great overall weight in meta- regression. The y-direction error bars of the black dots represent the standard error of the means of response ratio; the x-direction error bars represent the standard error of the means of mean annual temperature (MAT).

图5 整合回归结果显示随着实验站点年降水量(MAP)增加, 地上生物量(AGB)(A, E)、地下生物量(BGB)(B, F)、总生物量(TB)(C, G)和地上地下生物量比(AGB/BGB)(D, H)在不同处理下的变化。A-D代表氮添加, E-H代表增雨处理, 圆圈的大小代表响应比在随机效应meta回归中的权重。圆圈越大, 权重越大, 贡献度越高。黑色圆点纵坐标为响应比平均值±标准误差, 横坐标为处理梯度平均值±标准误差。

Fig. 5 Bubble plots of the meta-regression results between the response of aboveground biomass (AGB)(A, E), belowground biomass (BGB)(B, F), total biomass(TB)(C, G) and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (AGB/BGB)(D, H) to the mean annual precipitation (MAP) in the study sites. A-D represent the N addition treatment; E-H represent the precipitation increasing treatment. The size of the bubble is the relative weight of the effect size (response ratio, RR) in the random-effects meta-regression. Larger bubbles indicate study outcomes that contribute a great overall weight in meta-regression. The y-direction error bars of the black dots represent the standard error of the means of response ratio; the x-direction error bars represent the standard error of the means of mean annual precipitation (MAP).

图6 整合回归结果显示随处理年限增加, 地上生物量(AGB)(A, E)、地下生物量(BGB)(B, F)、总生物量(TB)(C, G)和地上地下生物量比(AGB/BGB)(D, H)在不同处理下的变化。A-D代表氮添加, E-H代表增雨处理, 圆圈的大小代表响应比在随机效应meta回归中的权重。圆圈越大, 权重越大, 贡献度高。黑色圆点纵坐标为响应比平均值±标准误差, 横坐标为处理梯度平均值±标准误差。

Fig. 6 Bubble plots of the meta-regression results between the response of aboveground biomass (AGB)(A, E), belowground biomass (BGB)(B, F), total biomass(TB)(C, G)and the ratio of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass (AGB/BGB)(D, H) to the study year. A-D represent the N addition treatment; E-H represent the precipitation increase treatment. The size of the bubble is the relative weight of the effect size (response ratio, RR) in the random-effects meta- regression. Larger bubbles indicate study outcomes that contribute a great overall weight in meta-regression. The y-direction error bars of the black dots represent the standard error of the means of response ratio; the x-direction error bars represent the standard error of the means of treatment time (a).

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草地生态系统生物量在不同气候及多时间尺度上对氮添加和增雨处理的响应

Response of plant biomass to nitrogen addition and precipitation increasing under different climate conditions and time scales in grassland

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