植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 311-319.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.008
常兆丰1,2,3(), 韩福贵1,2,3, 仲生年1,2,3
收稿日期:
2008-08-26
接受日期:
2008-12-02
出版日期:
2009-08-26
发布日期:
2009-03-31
作者简介:
E-mail: czf123@sina.com
基金资助:
CHANG Zhao-Feng1,2,3(), HAN Fu-Gui1,2,3, ZHONG Sheng-Nian1,2,3
Received:
2008-08-26
Accepted:
2008-12-02
Online:
2009-08-26
Published:
2009-03-31
摘要:
在全球气候变暖的大背景下, 荒漠地区的植物物候是怎样响应气候变暖的?为了弄清这个问题, 对甘肃民勤荒漠区沙生植物园内18种乔木34 a的物候观测资料进行了分析。分析结果表明: 自1974年以来, 甘肃民勤荒漠区气温抬升幅度高于全国和全球水平, 尤其在2、3月气温抬升最为明显, 春季物候期提前幅度明显大于国内外其它文献报道; 物候期发生当月的平均气温对该物候期的影响>物候期发生上月平均气温的影响>年平均气温的影响; 研究区春季气温升高较其它地区更为明显, 这就是当地春季物候期提前幅度相对较大的原因。荒漠植物物候变化既是植物对气候变化的综合反应过程, 又是植物适应气候变化的过程。
常兆丰, 韩福贵, 仲生年. 甘肃民勤荒漠区18种乔木物候与气温变化的关系. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 311-319. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.008
CHANG Zhao-Feng, HAN Fu-Gui, ZHONG Sheng-Nian. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHENOLOGY OF 18 TREE SPECIES AND AIR TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN THE MINQIN DESERT AREA OF CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 311-319. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.008
科名 Family | 序号 No. | 植物名 Plant species | 年份 Year |
---|---|---|---|
杨柳科 Salicaceae | 1 | 新疆杨 Populus albaL. var. pyramidalisBge. | 1974~2007 |
2 | 二白杨 Populus gansuensis | 1974~2007 | |
3 | 胡杨 Populus euphratica | 1974~2007 | |
4 | 旱柳 Salix matsudana | 1975~2007 | |
5 | 馒头柳 Salix matsudana Koidz. var.matsudana f.umbraculiferaRehd. | 1990~2007 | |
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 6 | 杏 Prunus armeniaca | 1975~1976, 1989~2007 |
榆科 Ulmaceae | 7 | 白榆 Ulmus pumila | 1974~2007 |
豆科 Leguminosae | 8 | 国槐 Sophora japonica | 1983~2007 |
9 | 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1975, 1983~1984, 1987~2007 | |
10 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa | 1978~2007 | |
柏科 Cupressaceae | 11 | 侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1990~2007 |
桑科 Moraceae | 12 | 桑树 Morus alba | 1974~2007 |
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 13 | 枣 Ziziphus jujuba | 1979~2007 |
胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 14 | 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia | 1974~2007 |
15 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 1978~2007 | |
木樨科 Oleaceae | 16 | 小叶白腊树 Fraxinus bungeana | 1983~2007 |
漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 17 | 火炬树 Rhus typhina | 1978~2007 |
藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 18 | 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron | 1974~2007 |
表1 民勤沙生植物园物候观测主要植物
Table 1 Main observed plant species used for phenology observation in Minqin desert botanical garden
科名 Family | 序号 No. | 植物名 Plant species | 年份 Year |
---|---|---|---|
杨柳科 Salicaceae | 1 | 新疆杨 Populus albaL. var. pyramidalisBge. | 1974~2007 |
2 | 二白杨 Populus gansuensis | 1974~2007 | |
3 | 胡杨 Populus euphratica | 1974~2007 | |
4 | 旱柳 Salix matsudana | 1975~2007 | |
5 | 馒头柳 Salix matsudana Koidz. var.matsudana f.umbraculiferaRehd. | 1990~2007 | |
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 6 | 杏 Prunus armeniaca | 1975~1976, 1989~2007 |
榆科 Ulmaceae | 7 | 白榆 Ulmus pumila | 1974~2007 |
豆科 Leguminosae | 8 | 国槐 Sophora japonica | 1983~2007 |
9 | 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1975, 1983~1984, 1987~2007 | |
10 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa | 1978~2007 | |
柏科 Cupressaceae | 11 | 侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1990~2007 |
桑科 Moraceae | 12 | 桑树 Morus alba | 1974~2007 |
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 13 | 枣 Ziziphus jujuba | 1979~2007 |
胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 14 | 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia | 1974~2007 |
15 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 1978~2007 | |
木樨科 Oleaceae | 16 | 小叶白腊树 Fraxinus bungeana | 1983~2007 |
漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 17 | 火炬树 Rhus typhina | 1978~2007 |
藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 18 | 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron | 1974~2007 |
项目 Item | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 全年 All year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均气温 Average temperature (℃) | -9.48 | -5.10 | 1.90 | 10.33 | 16.67 | 21.01 | 22.86 | 21.28 | 15.30 | 7.42 | -1.16 | -7.89 | 7.76 |
标准偏差 Standard deviation (℃) | 1.54 | 1.96 | 1.36 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 0.56 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 16.2 | 38.4 | 71.6 | 12.7 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 17.1 | 129.6 | 23.9 | 7.2 |
表2 1974~2007年各月气温变化趋势
Table 2 Variations and trends of monthly air temperature from 1974 to 2007
项目 Item | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 全年 All year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均气温 Average temperature (℃) | -9.48 | -5.10 | 1.90 | 10.33 | 16.67 | 21.01 | 22.86 | 21.28 | 15.30 | 7.42 | -1.16 | -7.89 | 7.76 |
标准偏差 Standard deviation (℃) | 1.54 | 1.96 | 1.36 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 0.56 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 16.2 | 38.4 | 71.6 | 12.7 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 17.1 | 129.6 | 23.9 | 7.2 |
序号 No. | 芽初膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶始期Beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期Beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 开花始期Flowering period | 开花盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花末期 Late flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果始期Beginning fruit dropping period | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 叶初变色Beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全变色 The period of the whole of leaf discoloration | 落叶始期 Beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | -0.375 | -0.381 | -0.248 | -0.163 | -0.397 | -0.391 | -0.283 | -0.202 | -0.195 | 0.225 | -0.009 | 0.189 | 0.035 | 0.058 | -0.023 |
2 | -0.377 | -0.296 | -0.117 | -0.083 | -0.293 | -0.391 | -0.261 | -0.223 | 0.282 | 0.193 | 0.097 | 0.025 | -0.003 | -0.017 | -0.006 |
3 | -0.217 | -0.223 | -0.070 | -0.086 | -0.150 | -0.050 | -0.025 | -0.027 | -0.337 | -0.275 | -0.144 | -0.446 | 0.048 | -0.514 | -0.084 |
4 | -0.374 | -0.346 | -0.237 | -0.203 | -0.348 | -0.132 | -0.094 | -0.074 | -0.173 | -0.177 | -0.069 | 0.312 | 0.373 | 0.282 | 0.222 |
5 | -0.341 | -0.304 | -0.175 | -0.366 | -0.224 | -0.247 | -0.318 | -0.116 | -0.121 | - | - | 0.308 | -0.275 | 0.278 | 0.184 |
6 | -0.205 | -0.355 | -0.284 | -0.279 | -0.239 | -0.271 | -0.329 | -0.245 | -0.207 | -0.113 | -0.107 | -0.396 | 0.231 | -0.134 | 0.032 |
7 | -0.353 | -0.318 | -0.375 | -0.240 | -0.353 | -0.360 | -0.238 | -0.185 | -0.020 | 0.012 | 0.014 | -0.430 | -0.377 | -0.270 | -0.291 |
8 | -0.275 | -0.009 | -0.136 | -0.171 | -0.484 | -0.281 | -0.090 | -0.340 | -0.330 | - | - | 0.512 | 0.530 | 0.431 | 0.180 |
9 | -0.337 | -0.376 | -0.322 | -0.038 | -0.214 | -0.167 | -0.177 | -0.153 | -0.095 | 0.067 | -0.219 | 0.397 | -0.359 | 0.507 | -0.233 |
10 | -0.298 | -0.156 | -0.188 | -0.115 | -0.158 | -0.260 | -0.167 | -0.061 | -0.220 | 0.121 | - | 0.519 | 0.052 | 0.330 | -0.124 |
11 | -0.225 | -0.251 | -0.175 | -0.131 | -0.377 | -0.042 | -0.011 | -0.153 | -0.133 | 0.032 | -0.571 | - | - | - | - |
12 | -0.213 | -0.197 | -0.165 | -0.044 | -0.149 | -0.111 | -0.031 | -0.077 | -0.214 | 0.023 | 0.339 | 0.244 | 0.507 | 0.184 | 0.084 |
13 | -0.147 | -0.113 | -0.179 | -0.134 | -0.299 | -0.248 | -0.146 | -0.117 | -0.190 | 0.294 | 0.062 | 0.377 | 0.414 | 0.384 | 0.288 |
14 | -0.228 | -0.162 | -0.143 | -0.084 | -0.134 | -0.158 | 0.153 | 0.119 | -0.026 | -0.015 | -0.033 | 0.715 | 0.310 | 0.418 | -0.151 |
15 | -0.241 | -0.155 | -0.116 | 0.076 | -0.058 | -0.129 | -0.110 | -0.306 | -0.137 | - | - | 0.387 | 0.123 | 0.316 | -0.405 |
16 | -0.221 | 0.163 | -0.307 | -0.239 | -0.157 | -0.304 | -0.007 | 0.006 | -0.260 | -0.101 | - | -0.372 | -0.054 | -0.413 | 0.232 |
17 | -0.062 | -0.004 | 0.072 | 0.053 | -0.247 | 0.091 | -0.077 | -0.012 | 0.103 | - | - | 0.221 | 0.180 | -0.083 | 0.351 |
18 | -0.147 | -0.116 | -0.135 | -0.139 | -0.170 | -0.086 | -0.149 | -0.054 | -0.033 | 0.049 | - | 0.570 | 0.439 | 0.496 | 0.552 |
34 a提前日数 Ahead date in 34 years | -8.77 | -6.80 | -6.22 | -4.52 | -8.40 | -6.70 | -4.45 | -4.18 | -4.35 | 0.82 | -1.97 | 6.26 | 4.35 | 4.52 | 1.63 |
表3 物候变化的线性趋势线斜率
Table 3 Slope of linear trend line of phenological change (d·a-1)
序号 No. | 芽初膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶始期Beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期Beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 开花始期Flowering period | 开花盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花末期 Late flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果始期Beginning fruit dropping period | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 叶初变色Beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全变色 The period of the whole of leaf discoloration | 落叶始期 Beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | -0.375 | -0.381 | -0.248 | -0.163 | -0.397 | -0.391 | -0.283 | -0.202 | -0.195 | 0.225 | -0.009 | 0.189 | 0.035 | 0.058 | -0.023 |
2 | -0.377 | -0.296 | -0.117 | -0.083 | -0.293 | -0.391 | -0.261 | -0.223 | 0.282 | 0.193 | 0.097 | 0.025 | -0.003 | -0.017 | -0.006 |
3 | -0.217 | -0.223 | -0.070 | -0.086 | -0.150 | -0.050 | -0.025 | -0.027 | -0.337 | -0.275 | -0.144 | -0.446 | 0.048 | -0.514 | -0.084 |
4 | -0.374 | -0.346 | -0.237 | -0.203 | -0.348 | -0.132 | -0.094 | -0.074 | -0.173 | -0.177 | -0.069 | 0.312 | 0.373 | 0.282 | 0.222 |
5 | -0.341 | -0.304 | -0.175 | -0.366 | -0.224 | -0.247 | -0.318 | -0.116 | -0.121 | - | - | 0.308 | -0.275 | 0.278 | 0.184 |
6 | -0.205 | -0.355 | -0.284 | -0.279 | -0.239 | -0.271 | -0.329 | -0.245 | -0.207 | -0.113 | -0.107 | -0.396 | 0.231 | -0.134 | 0.032 |
7 | -0.353 | -0.318 | -0.375 | -0.240 | -0.353 | -0.360 | -0.238 | -0.185 | -0.020 | 0.012 | 0.014 | -0.430 | -0.377 | -0.270 | -0.291 |
8 | -0.275 | -0.009 | -0.136 | -0.171 | -0.484 | -0.281 | -0.090 | -0.340 | -0.330 | - | - | 0.512 | 0.530 | 0.431 | 0.180 |
9 | -0.337 | -0.376 | -0.322 | -0.038 | -0.214 | -0.167 | -0.177 | -0.153 | -0.095 | 0.067 | -0.219 | 0.397 | -0.359 | 0.507 | -0.233 |
10 | -0.298 | -0.156 | -0.188 | -0.115 | -0.158 | -0.260 | -0.167 | -0.061 | -0.220 | 0.121 | - | 0.519 | 0.052 | 0.330 | -0.124 |
11 | -0.225 | -0.251 | -0.175 | -0.131 | -0.377 | -0.042 | -0.011 | -0.153 | -0.133 | 0.032 | -0.571 | - | - | - | - |
12 | -0.213 | -0.197 | -0.165 | -0.044 | -0.149 | -0.111 | -0.031 | -0.077 | -0.214 | 0.023 | 0.339 | 0.244 | 0.507 | 0.184 | 0.084 |
13 | -0.147 | -0.113 | -0.179 | -0.134 | -0.299 | -0.248 | -0.146 | -0.117 | -0.190 | 0.294 | 0.062 | 0.377 | 0.414 | 0.384 | 0.288 |
14 | -0.228 | -0.162 | -0.143 | -0.084 | -0.134 | -0.158 | 0.153 | 0.119 | -0.026 | -0.015 | -0.033 | 0.715 | 0.310 | 0.418 | -0.151 |
15 | -0.241 | -0.155 | -0.116 | 0.076 | -0.058 | -0.129 | -0.110 | -0.306 | -0.137 | - | - | 0.387 | 0.123 | 0.316 | -0.405 |
16 | -0.221 | 0.163 | -0.307 | -0.239 | -0.157 | -0.304 | -0.007 | 0.006 | -0.260 | -0.101 | - | -0.372 | -0.054 | -0.413 | 0.232 |
17 | -0.062 | -0.004 | 0.072 | 0.053 | -0.247 | 0.091 | -0.077 | -0.012 | 0.103 | - | - | 0.221 | 0.180 | -0.083 | 0.351 |
18 | -0.147 | -0.116 | -0.135 | -0.139 | -0.170 | -0.086 | -0.149 | -0.054 | -0.033 | 0.049 | - | 0.570 | 0.439 | 0.496 | 0.552 |
34 a提前日数 Ahead date in 34 years | -8.77 | -6.80 | -6.22 | -4.52 | -8.40 | -6.70 | -4.45 | -4.18 | -4.35 | 0.82 | -1.97 | 6.26 | 4.35 | 4.52 | 1.63 |
序号 No. | 芽初 膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶 始期The beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期The beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾 花序Buds and inflore- scence appearing | 开花 始期Flowering period | 开花 盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花 末期Late Flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果 始期The beginning fruit dropping period | 落果 末期The end of fruit dropping | 叶初 变色The beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全 变色The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 落叶 始期The beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.33 | 2.59 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.94 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
2 | 1.75 | 1.92 | 1.79 | 0.73 | 1.90 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.01 | 1.60 | 1.29 |
3 | 2.48 | 1.73 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.43 | 4.79 | 2.50 | 3.28 | 2.39 | 1.96 | 3.07 | 2.25 |
4 | 2.40 | 2.61 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 2.66 | 1.51 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 2.08 | 2.79 | 2.28 | 3.05 | 2.14 |
5 | 1.33 | 1.57 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 2.33 | – | – | 1.78 | 1.26 | 1.92 | 3.36 |
6 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 2.02 | 1.22 | 1.34 | 1.15 |
7 | 1.95 | 2.03 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 2.58 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.97 | 1.84 | 1.59 | 1.32 |
8 | 2.25 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 3.19 | 1.69 | 1.62 | 3.01 | 2.00 | – | – | 3.34 | 2.25 | 3.15 | 1.53 |
9 | 1.88 | 2.17 | 0.97 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.59 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 7.58 | 11.86 | 2.68 | 1.46 | 1.89 | 0.83 |
10 | 2.37 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.59 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 2.07 | 2.40 | – | 3.64 | 1.81 | 2.99 | 1.96 |
11 | 2.33 | 2.68 | 4.08 | 3.60 | 1.19 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 2.44 | 2.48 | 0.77 | 3.00 | – | – | – | – |
12 | 2.23 | 2.76 | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.20 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 4.14 | 2.55 | 1.63 | 1.39 | 1.02 |
13 | 1.72 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 3.24 | 3.39 | 1.77 | 1.37 | 1.83 | 1.46 |
14 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 3.34 | 1.06 | 3.12 | 1.24 |
15 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 4.49 | 4.61 | 1.76 | – | – | 1.88 | 1.33 | 2.31 | 1.47 |
16 | 2.39 | 2.04 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 4.24 | 4.05 | 4.22 | 4.15 | 2.55 | 4.37 | – | 2.18 | 1.53 | 1.86 | 2.44 |
17 | 1.83 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 2.27 | 2.97 | 3.58 | 6.60 | – | – | 3.25 | 2.56 | 4.09 | 2.12 |
18 | 1.88 | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.48 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.95 | 6.75 | 1.48 | – | 2.08 | 1.45 | 1.65 | 2.81 |
表4 物候变化的标准误差
Table 4 Standard errors of phenological change
序号 No. | 芽初 膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶 始期The beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期The beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾 花序Buds and inflore- scence appearing | 开花 始期Flowering period | 开花 盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花 末期Late Flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果 始期The beginning fruit dropping period | 落果 末期The end of fruit dropping | 叶初 变色The beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全 变色The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 落叶 始期The beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.33 | 2.59 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.94 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
2 | 1.75 | 1.92 | 1.79 | 0.73 | 1.90 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.01 | 1.60 | 1.29 |
3 | 2.48 | 1.73 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.43 | 4.79 | 2.50 | 3.28 | 2.39 | 1.96 | 3.07 | 2.25 |
4 | 2.40 | 2.61 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 2.66 | 1.51 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 2.08 | 2.79 | 2.28 | 3.05 | 2.14 |
5 | 1.33 | 1.57 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 2.33 | – | – | 1.78 | 1.26 | 1.92 | 3.36 |
6 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 2.02 | 1.22 | 1.34 | 1.15 |
7 | 1.95 | 2.03 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 2.58 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.97 | 1.84 | 1.59 | 1.32 |
8 | 2.25 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 3.19 | 1.69 | 1.62 | 3.01 | 2.00 | – | – | 3.34 | 2.25 | 3.15 | 1.53 |
9 | 1.88 | 2.17 | 0.97 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.59 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 7.58 | 11.86 | 2.68 | 1.46 | 1.89 | 0.83 |
10 | 2.37 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.59 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 2.07 | 2.40 | – | 3.64 | 1.81 | 2.99 | 1.96 |
11 | 2.33 | 2.68 | 4.08 | 3.60 | 1.19 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 2.44 | 2.48 | 0.77 | 3.00 | – | – | – | – |
12 | 2.23 | 2.76 | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.20 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 4.14 | 2.55 | 1.63 | 1.39 | 1.02 |
13 | 1.72 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 3.24 | 3.39 | 1.77 | 1.37 | 1.83 | 1.46 |
14 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 3.34 | 1.06 | 3.12 | 1.24 |
15 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 4.49 | 4.61 | 1.76 | – | – | 1.88 | 1.33 | 2.31 | 1.47 |
16 | 2.39 | 2.04 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 4.24 | 4.05 | 4.22 | 4.15 | 2.55 | 4.37 | – | 2.18 | 1.53 | 1.86 | 2.44 |
17 | 1.83 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 2.27 | 2.97 | 3.58 | 6.60 | – | – | 3.25 | 2.56 | 4.09 | 2.12 |
18 | 1.88 | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.48 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.95 | 6.75 | 1.48 | – | 2.08 | 1.45 | 1.65 | 2.81 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
1 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-21 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-26 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
2 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 4-4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-14 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-28 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 5-18 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 |
3 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-11 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-18 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-6 | ||
4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-30 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-27 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 |
5 | 展叶盛期 The beginning flourishing leaves period | 4-26 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-29 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
6 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-4 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-16 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-25 |
7 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-29 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-13 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-21 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-29 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-14 |
8 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 6-27 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 8-10 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-24 |
9 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-16 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-17 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
10 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-9 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-29 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
11 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 10-28 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 4-2 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-7 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 10-6 | ||
12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-7 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-22 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 7-15 |
13 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 6-12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-17 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-16 |
14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-12 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-26 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-14 |
15 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 5-24 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-5 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-13 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
16 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-27 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-23 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-29 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-23 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-18 |
17 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 6-22 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-20 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-10 |
18 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-3 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 5-14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 |
表5 敏感物候期的发生季节
Table 5 Occurrence season of sensitive phenophase
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
1 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-21 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-26 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
2 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 4-4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-14 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-28 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 5-18 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 |
3 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-11 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-18 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-6 | ||
4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-30 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-27 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 |
5 | 展叶盛期 The beginning flourishing leaves period | 4-26 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-29 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
6 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-4 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-16 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-25 |
7 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-29 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-13 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-21 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-29 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-14 |
8 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 6-27 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 8-10 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-24 |
9 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-16 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-17 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
10 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-9 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-29 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
11 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 10-28 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 4-2 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-7 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 10-6 | ||
12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-7 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-22 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 7-15 |
13 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 6-12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-17 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-16 |
14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-12 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-26 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-14 |
15 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 5-24 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-5 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-13 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
16 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-27 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-23 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-29 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-23 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-18 |
17 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 6-22 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-20 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-10 |
18 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-3 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 5-14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 |
图4 物候期与气温变化的相关系数的t检验 , , 和 分别为在p=0.1, 0.05, 0.01和0.001水平上差异显著, 横轴以上为正相关显著, 横轴以下为负相关显著; ○为缺测
Fig. 4 t-test of correlation coefficients between phenophase and temperature change , , and indicate significant differences at p=0.1, 0.05, 0.01and 0.001 levels, respectively. On the top of the horizontal axis for a significant positive correlation, and below horizontal axis for a significant negative correlation; ○ indicates the lack of testing
[1] |
Both C, Visser ME (2001). Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird. Nature, 411,296-298.
DOI URL PMID |
[2] | Chang ZF (常兆丰), Zhao M (赵明), Han FG (韩福贵), Zhong SN (仲生年) (2008). Phenological characteristics of desert plant in Minqin desert area. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 44(5),58-64. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[3] | Chang ZF (常兆丰), Zhao M (赵明), Zhong SN (仲生年), Han FG (韩福贵) (2005). Position study of the relations between vegetation degeneration and annual rainfall in the sand region of Minqin county. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报), 25,1295-1302. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[4] | Chmielewski FM, Rötzer T (2001). Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 108(2),101-112. |
[5] | Crick HQP, Dudley C, Glue DE, Thomson DL (1997). UK birds are laying eggs earlier. Nature, 388,526. |
[6] | Jiao PP (焦培培), Li ZJ (李志军) (2007). Flowering phenology of an endangered plant Ammopiptanthus nanus. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 27,1683-1689. (in Chinese with English abstract ). |
[7] | Ma HL (马惠玲), Han XW (韩学文), Dong JE (董娟娥), Zhang BY (张博勇), Zhang AL (张鞍灵) (2003). Study on the relation between the dynamic accumulation of secondary metabolites and the phenological period of Eucommiaulm oides Oliv. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 23,1528-1532. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[8] |
Menzel A (2000). Trends in phonological phases in Europe between 1951 and 1996. International Journal of Biometeorology, 44(2),76-81.
DOI URL PMID |
[9] | Menzel A, Fabian P (1999). Growing season extended in Europe. Nature, 397,659. |
[10] | Piao SL (朴世龙), Fang JY (方精云), Zhou LM (周立民) (2006). Philippe Ciais: variations in Satellite-derived phenology in China’s temperate vegetation. Global Change Biology, 12,672-685. |
[11] | Qin DH (秦大河), Ding YH (丁一汇), Wang SW (王绍武) (2002). A study of environment change and its impacts in western China. Earth Science Frontiers (地学前缘), 9(2),321-328. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[12] | Ren ZX (任朝霞), Yang DY (杨达源) (2007). Impacts of climate change on agriculture in the arid region of northwest China in recent 50 years. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 21(8),48-53. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[13] |
Rötzer T, Wittenzeller M, Haechel H (2000). Phenology in central Europe―differences and trends for spring phenophases in urban and rural areas. International Journal of Biometeorology, 44(2),60-66.
URL PMID |
[14] | Schwartz MD, Reiter BE (2000). Changes in North American spring. International Journal of Climatology, 20,929-932. |
[15] | Sha WY (沙万英), Shao XM (邵雪梅), Huang M (黄玫) (2002). China’s climate warming and to natural region boundary influence since the 1980s. Science in China (Series D)(中国科学D辑), 32,317-326. (in Chinese) |
[16] | Wang SW (王绍武), Dong GR (董光荣) (2002). Environmental characters and changes in west China. In:Qin DH (秦大河) ed. Evaluation of Environmental Changes in West China (中国西部环境演变评估). Sciences Press, Beijing, 1-242. (in Chinese) |
[17] | Yang ZH (杨自辉), E YH (俄有浩) (2000). A phenology research on the main xylophyte in arid desert area—A example on cultivated plants of Minqin desert botanical garden. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 20,1102-1109. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 夏璟钰, 张扬建, 郑周涛, 赵广, 赵然, 朱艺旋, 高洁, 沈若楠, 李文宇, 郑家禾, 张雨雪, 朱军涛, 孙建新. 青藏高原那曲高山嵩草草甸植物物候对增温的异步响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 183-194. |
[2] | 田磊, 朱毅, 李欣, 韩国栋, 任海燕. 不同降水条件下内蒙古荒漠草原主要植物物候对长期增温和氮添加的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(3): 290-299. |
[3] | 朱玉荷, 肖虹, 王冰, 吴颖, 白永飞, 陈迪马. 蒙古高原草地不同深度土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征对气候因子的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(3): 340-349. |
[4] | 于海英, 杨莉琳, 付素静, 张志敏, 姚琦馥. 暖温带森林木本植物展叶始期对低温和热量累积变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1573-1584. |
[5] | 周雄, 孙鹏森, 张明芳, 刘世荣. 西南高山亚高山区植被水分利用效率时空特征及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 628-641. |
[6] | 邢小艺, 郝培尧, 李冠衡, 李慧, 董丽. 北京植物物候的季节动态特征——以北京植物园为例[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(9): 906-916. |
[7] | 张贇, 尹定财, 田昆, 张卫国, 和荣华, 和文清, 孙江梅, 刘振亚. 玉龙雪山不同海拔丽江云杉径向生长对气候变异的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(6): 629-639. |
[8] | 严月, 朱建军, 张彬, 张艳杰, 鲁顺保, 潘庆民. 草原生态系统植物地下生物量分配及对全球变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(5): 585-596. |
[9] | 葛结林, 熊高明, 李家湘, 徐文婷, 赵常明, 卢志军, 李跃林, 谢宗强. 中国南方灌丛凋落物现存量[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(1): 5-13. |
[10] | 胡海清, 陆昕, 孙龙, 曲智林, 梁宇, 李海洋. 气温和空气相对湿度对森林地表细小死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(3): 221-235. |
[11] | 许格希,罗水兴,郭泉水,裴顺祥,史作民,朱莉,朱妮妮. 海南岛尖峰岭12种热带常绿阔叶乔木展叶期与开花期对气候变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(6): 585-598. |
[12] | 刘菊秀, 李跃林, 刘世忠, 李义勇, 褚国伟, 孟泽, 张德强. 气温上升对模拟森林生态系统影响实验的介绍[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(6): 558-565. |
[13] | 周婧, 李巧云, 肖亮, 蒋建雄, 易自力. 芒和五节芒在中国的潜在分布[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 504-510. |
[14] | 吴建国, 周巧富. 中国嵩草属植物地理分布模式和适应的气候特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(3): 199-221. |
[15] | 石兆勇, 王发园, 苗艳芳. 不同菌根类型的森林净初级生产力对气温变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(11): 1165-1171. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《植物生态学报》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编: 100093
Tel.: 010-62836134, 62836138; Fax: 010-82599431; E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
备案号: 京ICP备16067583号-19