水分对苜蓿叶片光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00072

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用田间试验, 对每茬灌水3次(W₃)、2次(W₂)、1次(W₁)和不灌水(W₀)四种条件下的土壤水分, 苜蓿(Medicago sativa)叶片的叶绿素荧光参数、气孔导度(G_s)、净光合速率(P_n)和蒸腾速率(T_r)进行测定。结果表明, 灌水提高了苜蓿叶片的原初光能转换效率(F_v/F_m)、P_n和T_r, 并随着灌水量的增加而增加。苜蓿叶片的F_v/F_m、P_n和T_r的日均值与土壤含水量均呈极显著正相关关系。苜蓿叶片的P_n与F_v/F_m和光合有效辐射(PAR)的乘积呈正相关关系。灌水还改变了苜蓿叶片P_n的日变化格局。灌水较多的处理(W₃和W₂), 苜蓿叶片没有出现光合“午休”现象,P_n的日变化趋势呈现“单峰”型。而灌水较少和不灌水的处理(W₁和W₀), 苜蓿叶片出现了明显的光合“午休”现象, 其P_n的日变化进程呈现“双峰”型。在相同的水分条件下, 初花期苜蓿叶片的P_n高于再生期的, T_r则相反。

关键词: 灌水量, 苜蓿, 原初光能转换效率, 光合速率, 蒸腾速率

Abstract:

Aims Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most extensive perennial leguminous forage. In the semi-arid region, water is the most important limiting factor for alfalfa growth. Our objective was to study the effect of soil water content on physiological properties of alfalfa.
Methods Our field experiment consisted of four treatments: non-irrigation (W₀) and irrigated (75 mm each) once (W₁), twice (W₂) and three times (W₃) for each crop. We evaluated soil moisture, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), and net photosynthetic rate (P_n).
Important findings The original light conversion efficiency (F_v/F_m), G_s, T_r, and P_n of alfalfa were significantly improved by increasing irrigation. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the mean value of the day of F_v/F_m, G_s, T_r, and P_n had significantly positive relationships with the average soil water content of 0-280 cm depth. P_n had a significantly positive relationship with F_v/F_m × PAR (photosynthetically active radiation). Additional irrigation also changed the diurnal courses of leaf P_n. Photosynthesis of alfalfa under W₂ and W₃ treatments did not present the “midday depression”, and the diurnal courses were unimodal. Nevertheless, treatments W ₁ and W₀ exhibited an apparent “midday depression” phenomenon, and the diurnal variation was bimodal. There were different physiologically activities at different growth stages of alfalfa. P_n of alfalfa in the early flowering stage was obviously higher than in the regeneration stage, in contrast T_r was lower at the early flowering stage.

Key words: irrigation amount, Medicago sativa, original light conversion efficiency, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate

孙东宝, 王庆锁. 水分对苜蓿叶片光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(1): 72-80. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00072

SUN Dong-Bao, WANG Qing-Suo. Effects of water on the photosynthetic characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(1): 72-80. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00072

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I1/72

图/表 6

图1 苜蓿叶片原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化。W0、W1、W2、W3分别表示不灌水、每茬灌水1次、每茬灌水2次、每茬灌水3次。

Fig. 1 Diurnal courses of original light conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of Medicago sativa leaf. W0, W1, W2 and W3indicate non-irrigation, irrigation once each crop, irrigation twice each crop, irrigation three times each crop, respectively.

表1 苜蓿叶片气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的日均值和土壤含水量

Table 1 Mean value of the day in stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) of Medicago sativa leaf and soil moisture

生育期 Growth stage	处理Treatment	G_s (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	土壤含水量 Soil moisture (%)
生育期 Growth stage	处理Treatment	G_s (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	0-60 cm 0-280 cm
再生期 Regeneration stage (2005-6-22)	W₀	0.168 0^d	7.4^d	7.0^b	9.6^d	10.3^d
	W₁	0.269 4^c	12.0^bc	8.8^b	12.0^c	11.6^c
	W₂	0.378 9^b	17.1^b	12.1^a	14.2^b	15.2^b
	W₃	0.441 2^a	22.9^a	12.2^a	19.9^a	18.4^a
初花期 Early flowering stage (2005-7-23)	W₀	0.114 2^d	11.0^d	4.4^b	8.2^c	8.0^c
	W₁	0.145 8^c	15.3^c	4.8^b	9.2^c	9.7^c
	W₂	0.169 5^b	19.2^b	6.0^a	12.3^b	13.1^b
	W₃	0.181 3^a	21.2^a	6.3^a	18.9^a	17.1^a

图2 不同处理条件下苜蓿叶片Fv/Fm-PAR和Pn-PAR响应曲线。Fv/Fm, 原初光能转换效率; PAR, 光合有效辐射; Pn, 净光合速率。W0、W1、W2、W3分别表示不灌水、每茬灌水1次、每茬灌水2次、每茬灌水3次。

Fig. 2 Fv/Fm-PAR and Pn-PAR response curve of Medicago sativa leaf under different treatments. Fv/Fm, original light conversion efficiency; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; Pn, net photosynthetic rate. W0, W1, W2 and W3indicate non-irrigation, irrigation once each crop, irrigation twice each crop, irrigation three times each crop, respectively.

图3 苜蓿叶片原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)与土壤水分的关系。

Fig. 3 Relationship of original light conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of Medicago sativa leaf versus soil moisture.

图4 苜蓿叶片净光合速率(Pn)与原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)之间的关系。

Fig. 4 Relationship between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and original light conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) of Medicago sativa leaf.

图5 苜蓿叶片净光合速率(Pn)与原初光能转换效率×光合有效辐射(Fv/Fm × PAR)的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationship between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and original light conversion efficiency × photosynthetically active radiation (F v/Fm × PAR) of Medicago sativa leaf.

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