大叶藻对氮磷营养盐的吸收动力学特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0335

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

营养盐是影响海草生长的关键因子, 目前有关海草不同组织对不同形式氮和磷的吸收特征尚不明确。该研究通过利用海草地上和地下组织分隔培养装置, 设置不同的氨态氮、硝态氮和磷酸盐浓度, 探究了大叶藻(Zostera marina)植株及其地上和地下组织对氮磷营养盐的吸收动力学特征。结果显示: (1)大叶藻对氮磷的吸收符合饱和吸收动力学特征, 吸收速率和水体氮磷浓度可用米式方程描述; (2)大叶藻植株对NH₄⁺-N的最大吸收速率(V_max, 52 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)显著高于其对NO₃^--N的V_max (39 μmol·g^-1·h^-1); (3)大叶藻地上组织和地下组织均可吸收氮磷, 但地上组织对氨态氮、硝态氮、磷酸盐的V_max分别为43.1、30.5和15.6 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, 为地下组织的2.6、1.2和6倍。结果表明, 大叶藻对氨态氮的吸收能力高于硝态氮, 且对氮磷的吸收可能主要依赖地上组织(叶片)。结果为查明大叶藻对氮磷的吸收利用机制及评估大叶藻的海洋生态效应提供了理论依据。

关键词: 氮, 磷, 吸收速率, 米氏方程, 大叶藻

Abstract:

Aims Nutrient availability is an external factor that affect the growth of seagrasses. However, the demand for and absorption of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus by different tissues of seagrasses are unclear. In this study, the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by Zostera marina was studied to determine the nutrient uptake kinetics. The objectives of this research are to: 1) investigate the absorption characteristics of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus in Z. marina; 2) evaluate the differences in absorption between the different forms of nitrogen; and 3) analyse the differences in absorption between the different tissues of Z. marina.
Methods Equipment was used to separate the aboveground and belowground tissues of Z. marina. Six concentration levels of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus were established to experimentally test the uptake kinetics of nutrients by Z. marina. The nutrient concentrations in different parts of seawater column were measured to determine the nutrient changes and calculate the kinetic characteristics of nutrient uptake.
Important findings 1) The absorption of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus by Z. marina was consistent with the characteristics of saturated absorption kinetics. The relationship between the absorption rate and the nutrient concentrations in water could be described by the Michaelis-Menten equation. 2) The maximum absorption rate (V_max) of ammonia nitrogen by Z. marina (52 μmol·g^-1·h^-1) was significantly higher than that of nitrate nitrogen (39 μmol·g^-1·h^-1). 3) Both aboveground and belowground tissues of Z. marina could absorb nutrient, but the V_maxof leaves (aboveground tissues) for ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus absorption were 43.1, 30.5 and 15.6 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, respectively, which were 2.6-fold, 1.2-fold and 6-fold higher than the corresponding V_maxof belowground tissues. The results show that the absorption capacity of Z. marina for ammonia nitrogen is higher than that for nitrate nitrogen, and the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus may depend primarily on the aboveground tissues (leaves). The results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization by Z. marina and the evaluation of marine ecological impacts.

Key words: nitrogen, phosphorus, absorption rate, Michaelis-Menten, Zostera marina

李诗奇, 张彦浩, 李政, 张沛东. 大叶藻对氮磷营养盐的吸收动力学特征. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(7): 772-781. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0335

LI Shi-Qi, ZHANG Yan-Hao, LI Zheng, ZHANG Pei-Dong. Uptake kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus by Zostera marina. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(7): 772-781. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0335

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I7/772

图/表 8

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分隔装置 Separation apparatus	未分隔组 No-separating group	分隔且地上组织添加组 Separation group with N, P addition in the leaf compartment	分隔且地下组织添加组 Separation group with N, P addition in the root- rhizome compartment
玻璃水槽 Glass aquarium	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	天然海水营养盐浓度 Nutrient concentration of natural seawater
聚乙烯瓶 Polyethylene bottle	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	天然海水营养盐浓度 Nutrient concentration of natural seawater	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration

分隔装置 Separation apparatus	未分隔组 No-separating group	分隔且地上组织添加组 Separation group with N, P addition in the leaf compartment	分隔且地下组织添加组 Separation group with N, P addition in the root- rhizome compartment
玻璃水槽 Glass aquarium	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	天然海水营养盐浓度 Nutrient concentration of natural seawater
聚乙烯瓶 Polyethylene bottle	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration	天然海水营养盐浓度 Nutrient concentration of natural seawater	设置的营养盐浓度 Designed nutrient concentration

营养盐形式 Form of nutrient	植株部位 Tissue of plant	V_max (μmol·g^-1·h^-1)	K_m (μmol·L^-1)	R²
NH₄⁺-N	植株 Shoot	51.8 ± 7.1^b	68.1 ± 15.9	0.98
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	43.1 ± 7.2^b	58.9 ± 19.4	0.92
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	16.3 ± 8.5^a	48.6 ± 17.9	0.95
NO₃^--N	植株 Shoot	39.1 ± 7.0	68.6 ± 16.8	0.99
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	30.5 ± 10.9	42.8 ± 13.5	0.97
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	26.5 ± 3.8	53.3 ± 9.1	0.99
PO₄^3--P	植株 Shoot	27.9 ± 8.4^b	24.8 ± 4.4^b	0.97
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	15.6 ± 0.9^b	7.6 ± 0.2^a	0.90
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	2.6 ± 0.9^a	6.0 ± 1.9^a	0.97

营养盐形式 Form of nutrient	植株部位 Tissue of plant	V_max (μmol·g^-1·h^-1)	K_m (μmol·L^-1)	R²
NH₄⁺-N	植株 Shoot	51.8 ± 7.1^b	68.1 ± 15.9	0.98
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	43.1 ± 7.2^b	58.9 ± 19.4	0.92
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	16.3 ± 8.5^a	48.6 ± 17.9	0.95
NO₃^--N	植株 Shoot	39.1 ± 7.0	68.6 ± 16.8	0.99
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	30.5 ± 10.9	42.8 ± 13.5	0.97
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	26.5 ± 3.8	53.3 ± 9.1	0.99
PO₄^3--P	植株 Shoot	27.9 ± 8.4^b	24.8 ± 4.4^b	0.97
	地上组织 Aboveground tissue	15.6 ± 0.9^b	7.6 ± 0.2^a	0.90
	地下组织 Belowground tissue	2.6 ± 0.9^a	6.0 ± 1.9^a	0.97

种类 Species	研究地点 Study area	V_max (μmol·g^-1·h^-1)			K_m (μmol·L^-1)			文献 Reference
种类 Species		NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	PO₄^3--P	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	PO₄^3--P	文献 Reference
大叶藻 Zostera marina	山东荣成天鹅湖 Tian’e Lake, Rongcheng, Shandong China (37.35° N, 122.57° E)	51.8	39.1	27.9	68.1	68.6	24.8	本研究 This study
大叶藻 Zostera marina	美国罗德岛 Rhode Island, USA (41.30° N, 71.30° W)	48						Thursby & Harlin, 1982
Phyllospadix torreyi	美国拉由拉市 La Jolla, USA (32.48° N, 117.16° W)	96-204	25-75		9-34	4-17		Terrados & Williams, 1997
泰来藻 Thalassia hemprichii	印度尼西亚斯佩蒙德群岛 Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia (5.03° S, 119.20° E)	32-37			21-60			Stapel et al., 1996
Thalassia testudinum	美国圣体湾和马德雷湖 Corpus Christi Bay (27.49° N, 97.07° W) & Laguna Madre, USA (26.09° N, 97.12° W)	8-16	4-7		8-15	2-39		Lee & Dunton, 1999
Posidonia oceanica	西班牙马拉加 Málaga, Spain (36.40° N, 4.21° W)					8.7	5.8	Rubio et al., 2018
真江蓠 Gracilari asiatica	浙江奉化象山港 Xiangshan Harbor, Fenghua, China (29.11° N, 122.01° E)	159.4						Wen et al., 2008
龙须菜 Asparagus schoberioides	福建东山岛 Dongshan Island, Fujian China (23.36° N, 117.14° E)			3.1				Xu et al., 2007
浒苔 Ulva prolifera	山东青岛汇泉湾 Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, Shandong China (36.03° N, 123.20° E)		250.4	5.8				Wang et al., 2011