车桑子幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应差异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1247-1261.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

车桑子幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应差异

王雪梅¹^,², 闫帮国³, 史亮涛³, 刘刚才²^,^*()

¹绵阳师范学院资源环境工程学院, 四川绵阳 621000
²中国科学院·水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
³云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所, 云南元谋 651300

收稿日期:2020-06-18 接受日期:2020-09-25 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-04-01
通讯作者: 刘刚才
作者简介:*(liugc@imde.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31460127)

Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus

WANG Xue-Mei¹^,², YAN Bang-Guo³, SHI Liang-Tao³, LIU Gang-Cai²^,^*()

¹School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
²Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; and 3Institute of Tropical Eco-Agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan 651300, China
³Institute of Tropical Eco-Agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan 651300, China

Received:2020-06-18 Accepted:2020-09-25 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-04-01
Contact: LIU Gang-Cai
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460127)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

调整叶性状和生物量分配格局是植物适应环境变化的主要途径, 研究车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应对认识车桑子在氮磷浓度变化下的适应策略具有重要意义。该研究通过砂培法, 测定不同氮浓度(3、5、15、30 mmol·L^-1)与不同磷浓度(0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L^-1)下车桑子幼苗的生长、生物量分配、叶性状的响应特征及其相互关系。结果表明: 高浓度氮(30 mmol·L^-1)促进了车桑子幼苗生长、叶片氮含量和生物量积累, 其余氮添加条件(3、5、15 mmol·L^-1)下车桑子幼苗各性状无显著差异, 但相比高氮水平, 其生物量积累和叶片氮含量显著降低, 根冠比和氮利用效率显著增加。随着磷添加浓度的增加, 车桑子幼苗生物量显著增加, 低磷条件(0.25、0.5 mmol·L^-1)限制了车桑子幼苗生长和生物量积累, 其根冠比和磷利用效率均没有发生显著变化, 但比叶面积和叶/茎生物量比例显著增加, 叶干物质含量显著降低。氮处理下, 叶片氮含量与根冠比显著负相关; 磷处理下, 叶片氮含量与比叶面积显著正相关。同时, 氮处理下, 车桑子幼苗株高、基径、总生物量等生长性状均与根冠比显著负相关, 与叶片氮含量显著正相关, 表明根冠比和叶片氮含量的调整在车桑子适应氮限制中发挥重要作用; 而磷处理下, 株高、基径、总生物量与比叶面积显著负相关, 与叶干物质含量显著正相关, 表明叶片结构性状的调整在车桑子适应低磷环境中具有重要意义。该研究表明, 车桑子幼苗生物量分配和叶性状及性状间的权衡策略对氮、磷的响应具有明显差异性, 在今后的研究中, 应关注氮和磷对植物性状影响的差异性。

关键词: 车桑子, 氮浓度, 磷浓度, 干热河谷, 养分限制, 适应策略

Abstract:

Aims The adjustment of leaf traits and biomass allocation is an important way for plants to adapt to environmental changes. Revealing the responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings to nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, is crucial to understand the adaptation strategies of D. viscosa under the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Methods Seedlings of D. viscosa were planted under nitrogen concentrations (3, 5, 15, 30 mmol·L^-1) and phosphorus concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mmol·L^-1) by sand culture. Plant height, base diameter, biomass allocation, leaf traits and their correlations were quantified.
Important findings The results showed that high nitrogen concentration (30 mmol·L^-1) increased the height, diameter, leaf nitrogen concentration, and biomass accumulation of D. viscosa, and there were no significant differences of the traits under other concentrations (3, 5, 15 mmol·L ^-1). Compared with the high nitrogen level, other treatments significantly reduced the biomass accumulation and leaf nitrogen concentration, and significantly increased the root:shoot biomass ratio and nitrogen utilization efficiency. With the increase of phosphorus concentration, the biomass of D. viscosa increased significantly. Low phosphorus concentrations (0.25, 0.5 mmol·L^-1) significantly constrained the growth of D. viscosa, and the root:shoot biomass ratio and phosphorus utilization efficiency did not change significantly. Low phosphorus conditions increased the specific leaf area and the leaf:stem biomass ratio, and decreased leaf dry matter content significantly. Under the nitrogen treatment, leaf nitrogen concentration was negatively correlated with the root:shoot biomass ratio, while under phosphorus treatment, leaf nitrogen concentration was positively correlated with specific leaf area. Height, diameter and total biomass of D. viscosa were negatively correlated with the root:shoot biomass ratio, and positively correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration under the condition of nitrogen treatment, indicating that the adjustment of root:shoot biomass ratio and leaf nitrogen concentration played an important role in adapting to nitrogen limitation. However, under the condition of phosphorus treatment, height, diameter and total biomass were negatively correlated with specific leaf area, and positively correlated with leaf dry matter content, indicating that the adjustment of leaf structural traits was of great significance in adapting to changes of phosphorus. Our findings suggest that the biomass allocation, leaf traits and their relationships responded differently to changes in nitrogen and phosphorus, and the effects of nitrogen or phosphorus on plant traits should be discriminated in the future.

Key words: Dodonaea viscosa, nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration, dry-hot valley, nutrient limitation, adaptive strategy

王雪梅, 闫帮国, 史亮涛, 刘刚才. 车桑子幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应差异. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1247-1261. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

WANG Xue-Mei, YAN Bang-Guo, SHI Liang-Tao, LIU Gang-Cai. Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(12): 1247-1261. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0199

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I12/1247

图/表 9

表1 各氮磷浓度梯度下营养液的氮磷浓度和氮磷比值

Table 1 N and P concentrations and the N:P ratio in different nitrogen and phosphorus concentration gradients

氮、磷水平 N, P levels	氮浓度 N concentration (mmol·L^-1)	磷浓度 P concentration (mmol·L^-1)	氮磷比 N:P
N1	3	1	3
N2	5	1	5
N3	15	1	15
N4	30	1	30
P1	15	0.25	60
P2	15	0.5	30
P3	15	1	15
P4	15	2	7.5

图1 不同氮浓度和磷浓度对车桑子幼苗株高和基径的影响(平均值±标准误差)。 N1-N4, 氮浓度分别为3、5、15、30 mmol·L-1; P1-P4, 磷浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L-1。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理或不同磷处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on height and base diameter of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

图2 不同氮浓度和磷浓度对车桑子幼苗生物量的影响(平均值±标准误差)。 N1-N4, 氮浓度分别为3、5、15、30 mmol·L-1; P1-P4, 磷浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L-1。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理或不同磷处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on biomass of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

图3 不同氮浓度和磷浓度对车桑子幼苗根冠比和叶/茎生物量比例的影响(平均值±标准误差)。 N1-N4, 氮浓度分别为3、5、15、30 mmol·L-1; P1-P4, 磷浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L-1。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理或不同磷处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the root:shoot biomass ratio and the leaf:stem biomass ratio of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

图4 不同氮浓度和磷浓度对车桑子幼苗叶面积、叶干物质含量和比叶面积的影响(平均值±标准误差)。 N1-N4, 氮浓度分别为3、5、15、30 mmol·L-1; P1-P4, 磷浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L-1。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理或不同磷处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on leaf area, leaf dry mass content and specific leaf area of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

图5 不同氮浓度和磷浓度对车桑子幼苗叶片氮含量、磷含量和叶片氮磷比的影响(平均值±标准误差)。 N1-N4, 氮浓度分别为3、5、15、30 mmol·L-1; P1-P4, 磷浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2 mmol·L-1。不同小写字母表示不同氮处理或不同磷处理下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration and leaf N:P of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings (mean ± SE). N1-N4, the nitrogen concentrations were 3, 5, 15 and 30 mmol·L-1, respectively; P1-P4, the phosphorus concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different nitrogen treatments or different phosphorus treatments.

图6 氮处理条件下车桑子幼苗叶片氮含量与营养液氮浓度、叶片氮磷比与营养液氮磷比的关系。 H, 内稳性指数。

Fig. 6 Relationships between leaf N concentration of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings and N concentration of the nutrient solution, leaf N:P of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings and N:P of the nutrient solution under different nitrogen treatments. H, homeostatic regulation coefficients.

图7 各营养液氮磷比条件下车桑子幼苗叶片氮利用效率和磷利用效率(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 7 Leaf N utilization efficiency and leaf P utilization efficiency of Dodonaea viscosa seedlings under different N:P ratios of the nutrient solution (mean ± SE).

表2 氮和磷处理下车桑子幼苗各性状间的相关性

Table 2 Correlations among growth characteristics, biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa under nitrogen and phosphorus treatments

处理 Treat	指标 Value	生长性状 Growth trait			生物量分配 Biomass allocation		叶功能性状 Leaf functional trait
处理 Treat	指标 Value	株高 Plant height	基径 Base diameter	生物量 Biomass	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio	叶干物质含量 LDMC	比叶面积 SLA	叶片氮含量 N concentration	叶片磷含量 P concentration	氮磷比 N:P
氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.917^***	0.915^***	-0.848^***	-0.477^*	0.404	-0.249	0.840^***	0.180	0.464
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.955^***	-0.705^**	-0.380	0.366	-0.205	0.886^***	0.301	0.436
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.773^***	-0.282	0.403	-0.269	0.917^***	0.340	0.421
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	0.187	-0.339	0.227	-0.720^**	-0.032	-0.518^*
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.206	0.223	-0.234	0.092	-0.217
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.902^***	0.271	-0.087	0.316
	比叶面积 SLA							1	-0.121	0.285	-0.370
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.282	0.535^*
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.636^**
	氮磷比 N:P										1
磷处理Phosphorus treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.971^***	0.953^***	-0.201	-0.404	0.939^***	-0.880^***	-0.702^**	-0.175	-0.254
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.951^***	-0.058	-0.452^*	0.908^***	-0.862^***	-0.649^**	-0.154	-0.228
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.099	-0.426	0.919^***	-0.882^***	-0.622^*	-0.131	-0.244
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	-0.528^*	-0.221	0.073	0.425	-0.026	0.265
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.281	0.331	0.074	0.255	-0.186
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.945^***	-0.765^**	-0.293	-0.169
	比叶面积 SLA							1	0.653^**	0.350	0.050
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.216	0.385
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.797^***
	氮磷比 N:P										1

表2 氮和磷处理下车桑子幼苗各性状间的相关性

Table 2 Correlations among growth characteristics, biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa under nitrogen and phosphorus treatments

处理 Treat	指标 Value	生长性状 Growth trait			生物量分配 Biomass allocation		叶功能性状 Leaf functional trait
处理 Treat	指标 Value	株高 Plant height	基径 Base diameter	生物量 Biomass	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio	叶干物质含量 LDMC	比叶面积 SLA	叶片氮含量 N concentration	叶片磷含量 P concentration	氮磷比 N:P
氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.917^***	0.915^***	-0.848^***	-0.477^*	0.404	-0.249	0.840^***	0.180	0.464
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.955^***	-0.705^**	-0.380	0.366	-0.205	0.886^***	0.301	0.436
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.773^***	-0.282	0.403	-0.269	0.917^***	0.340	0.421
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	0.187	-0.339	0.227	-0.720^**	-0.032	-0.518^*
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.206	0.223	-0.234	0.092	-0.217
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.902^***	0.271	-0.087	0.316
	比叶面积 SLA							1	-0.121	0.285	-0.370
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.282	0.535^*
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.636^**
	氮磷比 N:P										1
磷处理Phosphorus treatment	株高 Plant height	1	0.971^***	0.953^***	-0.201	-0.404	0.939^***	-0.880^***	-0.702^**	-0.175	-0.254
	基径 Base diameter		1	0.951^***	-0.058	-0.452^*	0.908^***	-0.862^***	-0.649^**	-0.154	-0.228
	生物量 Biomass			1	-0.099	-0.426	0.919^***	-0.882^***	-0.622^*	-0.131	-0.244
	根冠比 Root:shoot ratio				1	-0.528^*	-0.221	0.073	0.425	-0.026	0.265
	叶茎比 Leaf:stem ratio					1	-0.281	0.331	0.074	0.255	-0.186
	叶干物质含量 LDMC						1	-0.945^***	-0.765^**	-0.293	-0.169
	比叶面积 SLA							1	0.653^**	0.350	0.050
	叶片氮含量 N concentration								1	0.216	0.385
	叶片磷含量 P concentration									1	-0.797^***
	氮磷比 N:P										1

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车桑子幼苗生物量分配与叶性状对氮磷浓度的响应差异

Different responses of biomass allocation and leaf traits of Dodonaea viscosa to concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus

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