极小种群植物猪血木的种群现状及保护对策

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1236-1246.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

极小种群植物猪血木的种群现状及保护对策

魏雪莹¹, 叶育石¹, 林喜珀², 崔煜文¹, 曾飞燕¹, 王发国¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院华南植物园, 中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室, 广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650
²广东阳春鹅凰嶂省级自然保护区管理处, 广东阳春 529631

收稿日期:2020-03-09 接受日期:2020-09-10 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-04-01
通讯作者: 王发国
作者简介:*(wangfg@scib.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局保护司项目;广东省野生动植物保护管理项目

Population status and conservation of an extremely small population species Euryodendron excelsum

WEI Xue-Ying¹, YE Yu-Shi¹, LIN Xi-Po², CUI Yu-Wen¹, ZENG Fei-Yan¹, WANG Fa-Guo¹^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
and 2Management Department of Ehuangzhang Provincial Nature Reserve, Yangchun, Guangdong 529631, China

Received:2020-03-09 Accepted:2020-09-10 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-04-01
Contact: WANG Fa-Guo
About author:*(wangfg@scib.ac.cn)
Supported by:
Supported by the Project of Protection Department of State Forestry and Grassland Administration;Protection and Management Project of Wild Animals and Plants in Guangdong Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum)是特产于中国的山茶科极危种, 但目前对导致猪血木种群结构改变的原因缺少相关的调查及研究, 保护策略不完善。该研究依据野外调查方法、编制标准生命表、存活曲线、致死力和寿命期望曲线, 利用德氏多度分析方法分析了广东省阳春市八甲镇极小种群野生植物猪血木种群的年龄结构和动态, 并与2007年的研究结果进行对比, 分析该种群近10年的变化情况及其原因。结果表明: (1)研究区域内野生猪血木种群的数量变化动态指数(V_pi和V′_pi)均小于0, 存活曲线趋于Deevey-III型, 种群结构属于衰退型, 幼树数量丰富, 但由于向小树发展过程受阻, 种群无法及时更新补充。(2)存活曲线、致死力和寿命期待曲线一致显示在幼树、小树2级、中龄树2级这3个阶段, 出现阻碍因素, 影响种群的自然更新。(3)三甲镇猪血木幼苗减少了39.3%, 八甲镇猪血木幼苗锐减了71.9%, 三甲镇幼苗转化率较八甲镇低了近1/2。人为干扰是导致猪血木野生种群衰退的主要驱动因素, 已实施的保护策略并不适合当前情况下的野生猪血木种群。

关键词: 猪血木, 种群结构, 存活曲线

Abstract:

Aims Euryodendron excelsum, an extremely endangered species of Theaceae, is endemic to China. However, there are few studies on the cause of population structure change of E. excelsum, and its conservation strategy is not perfect. We studied the age structure and dynamics of the E. excelsum population, compared them with the research results in 2007, and analyzed the changes of the E. excelsum population in the last ten years, so as to provide scientific reference for the effective protection and management of the E. excelsum population.
Methods Based on field investigation data, the values of parameters such as standard life table, survival curve, killing power and life expectancy curve were established, and the structure status of the E. excelsum population was analyzed as well. The community composition was analyzed using DET’s multiple analysis method.
Important findings (1) The analysis of population dynamic indices showed that dynamic indices (V_pi and V′_pi) of the wild E. excelsum population were all less than 0. The survival curve of the whole population generally fit a Deevey-III type curve, suggesting a declining population. The number of young individuals was abundant, but impaired development, and hence cannot support the population growth in time. (2) The analysis of survival curve, killing power and life expectancy showed that the sapling, small tree II and middle tree II obstructed the natural population renewal. (3) The Sanjia and Bajia group seedlings of E. excelsum decreased by 39.3% and 71.9%, respectively. The seedling conversion rate of Sanjia group was nearly 1/2 times lower than the Bajia group of E. excelsum. Human interference was the main driver of population decline of E. excelsum. In addition, the conservation strategy that has been implemented is not suitable for the current situation.

Key words: Euryodendron excelsum, population structure, survival curve

魏雪莹, 叶育石, 林喜珀, 崔煜文, 曾飞燕, 王发国. 极小种群植物猪血木的种群现状及保护对策. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1236-1246. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

WEI Xue-Ying, YE Yu-Shi, LIN Xi-Po, CUI Yu-Wen, ZENG Fei-Yan, WANG Fa-Guo. Population status and conservation of an extremely small population species Euryodendron excelsum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(12): 1236-1246. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0059

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I12/1236

图/表 9

图1 猪血木调查样点示意。 1, 八甲镇合路村; 2, 八甲镇木力村; 3, 八甲镇澄垌村; 4, 八甲镇澄垌村村边林; 5, 八甲镇冲田村; 6, 八甲镇中田村山喉; 7, 八甲镇中田村师马; 8, 八甲镇中田村塘涌; 9, 三甲镇湴背村 10, 八甲镇高屋村石角; 11, 八甲镇联合村茶嘹; 12, 八甲镇高屋村三叶; 13, 八甲镇澄垌村竹根; 14, 八甲镇澄垌村中田。

Fig. 1 Sampled sites during investigation of Euryodendron excelsum. 1, Helu Village in Bajia Town; 2, Muli Village in Bajia Town; 3, Chengdong Village in Bajia Town; 4, Village forest of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town; 5, Chongtian Village in Bajia Town; 6, Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town; 7, Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town; 8, Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town; 9, Banbei Village in Sanjia Town; 10, Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town; 11, Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town; 12, Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town; 13, Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town; 14, Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town.

表1 在阳春猪血木分布区域基于实测法调查到的植物种类

Table 1 Species recorded with the field measurement method in the distributional range of Yangchun Euryodendron excelsum population

生活型 Life form	类别 Category	物种 Species	德氏多度 Drude abundance
乔木 Arbor	优势种 Dominant species	阴香 Cinnamomum burmannii	cop3
		粉箪竹 Bambusa chungii	cop1
		卫矛叶蒲桃 Syzygium euonymifolium	sol
		龙眼 Dimocarpus longan	sp
	伴生种 Companion species	假苹婆 Sterculia lanceolata	sp
		车筒竹 Bambusa sinospinosa	cop1
		楝 Melia azedarach	sol
		破布叶 Microcos paniculata	sp
		鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla	cop1
		华润楠 Machilus chinensis	un
		杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	sol
灌木 Shrub	优势种 Dominant species	九里香 Murraya exotica	sol
		九节 Psychotria asiatica	cop2
		赪桐 Clerodendrum japonicum	sp
		对叶榕 Ficus hispida	cop1
		黄椿木姜子 Litsea variabilis	cop1
		八角枫 Alangium chinense	sol
	伴生种 Companion species	紫玉盘 Uvaria macrophylla	sp
		大罗伞树 Ardisia hanceana	sp
		小花山小橘 Glycosmis parviflora	sp
		大青 Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum	sol
		猴耳环 Archidendron clypearia	sp
		粗叶榕 Ficus hirta	sol
草本 Herb	优势种 Dominant species	假蒟 Piper sarmentosum	sp
		热亚海芋 Alocasia macrorrhizos	cop1
		半边旗 Pteris semipinnata	cop1
	伴生种 Companion species	火炭母 Polygonum chinense	un
		欧洲凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica	sol
		淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile	sol
		华南毛蕨 Cyclosorus parasiticus	sol
		牛白藤 Hedyotis hedyotidea	sol
		玉叶金花 Mussaenda pubescens	sol

图2 猪血木各分布点生境。 A, 八甲镇澄垌村。B, 八甲镇澄垌村竹根。C, 八甲镇澄垌中田村。D, 八甲镇高屋村石角。E, 八甲镇高屋村三叶。F, 八甲镇联合村茶嘹。G, 八甲镇合路村。H, 八家镇木力村。I, 八甲镇中田村山喉。J, 八甲镇中田村师马。K, 八甲镇中田村塘涌。L, 三甲镇湴背村。M, 八甲镇澄垌村。N, 八甲镇冲田村。O, 三甲镇湴背村。

Fig. 2 General situation of the habitat of Euryodendron excelsum. A, Chengdong Village in Bajia Town. B, Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town. C, Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town. D, Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town. E, Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town. F, Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town. G, Helu Village in Bajia Town. H, Muli Village in Bajia Town. I, Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town. J, Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town. K, Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town. L, Banbei Village in Sanjia Town. M, Chengdong Village in Bajia Town. N, Chongtian Village in Bajia Town. O, Banbei Village in Sanjia Town.

表2 猪血木各分布点生境和数量概况

Table 2 General situation of habitat and quantity of each locality of Euryodendron excelsum

编号 Number	地点 Place	生境 Habitat	乔木层盖度 Coverage of arbor layer	海拔 Altitude (m)	人为干扰 Human disturbance	干扰原因 Cause of interference	成株 Adult plant	幼树 Sapling	幼苗 Seedling
1	八甲镇合路村 Helu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	50	52	弱 Weak		1	0	10
2	八甲镇木力村 Muli Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	68	中 Middle		2	0	3
3	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	田野 Field	45	42	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	0	0	10
4	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	2	20
5	八甲镇澄垌村冲田 Chongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	30	中 Middle		8	0	20
6	八甲镇中田村山喉 Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	30	72	弱 Weak		1	4	28
7	八甲镇中田村师马 Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Near the village	65	42	强 Strong	栽培 Cultivation	1	3	10
8	八甲镇中田村塘涌 Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Village	20	30	强 Strong	断梢 Branches broken	0	2	0
9	三甲镇湴背村 Banbei Village in Sanjia Town	村边风水林 Fengshui woods near village	80	44	强 Strong	盗挖 Stolen	16	5	40
10	八甲镇高屋村石角 Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	强 Strong		1	0	2
11	八甲镇联合村茶嘹 Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	33	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	3	7
12	八甲镇高屋村三叶 Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	75	65	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	1	0	8
13	八甲镇澄垌村竹根 Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	屋后风水林 Fengshui woods behind house	80	32	中 Middle		2	0	10
14	八甲镇澄垌村中田 Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	46	中 Middle		3	0	8

表2 猪血木各分布点生境和数量概况

Table 2 General situation of habitat and quantity of each locality of Euryodendron excelsum

编号 Number	地点 Place	生境 Habitat	乔木层盖度 Coverage of arbor layer	海拔 Altitude (m)	人为干扰 Human disturbance	干扰原因 Cause of interference	成株 Adult plant	幼树 Sapling	幼苗 Seedling
1	八甲镇合路村 Helu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	50	52	弱 Weak		1	0	10
2	八甲镇木力村 Muli Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	68	中 Middle		2	0	3
3	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	田野 Field	45	42	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	0	0	10
4	八甲镇澄垌村 Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	2	20
5	八甲镇澄垌村冲田 Chongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	30	中 Middle		8	0	20
6	八甲镇中田村山喉 Shanhou of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	30	72	弱 Weak		1	4	28
7	八甲镇中田村师马 Shima of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Near the village	65	42	强 Strong	栽培 Cultivation	1	3	10
8	八甲镇中田村塘涌 Tangyong of Zhongtian Village in Bajia Town	村边 Village	20	30	强 Strong	断梢 Branches broken	0	2	0
9	三甲镇湴背村 Banbei Village in Sanjia Town	村边风水林 Fengshui woods near village	80	44	强 Strong	盗挖 Stolen	16	5	40
10	八甲镇高屋村石角 Shijiao of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	60	42	强 Strong		1	0	2
11	八甲镇联合村茶嘹 Chaliao of Lianhe Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	70	33	中 Middle	断梢 Branches broken	2	3	7
12	八甲镇高屋村三叶 Sanye of Gaowu Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	75	65	中 Middle	阴蔽 Shading	1	0	8
13	八甲镇澄垌村竹根 Zhugen of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	屋后风水林 Fengshui woods behind house	80	32	中 Middle		2	0	10
14	八甲镇澄垌村中田 Zhongtian of Chengdong Village in Bajia Town	村边林 Village forest	65	46	中 Middle		3	0	8

图3 猪血木种群高度(H)和胸径(DBH)级结构。 St, 野生猪血木种群(包括三甲镇和八甲镇); Sa, 八甲镇野生猪血木种群; Ss, 三甲镇野生猪血木种群。I, 幼苗1级, 0 < H ≤ 100.0 cm; II, 幼苗2级, H > 100.0 cm, DBH < 3.0 cm; III, 幼树, 3.0 cm ≤ DBH < 9.0 cm; IV, 小树1级, 9.0 cm ≤ DBH < 15.0 cm; V, 小树2级, 15.0 cm ≤ DBH < 21.0 cm; VI, 中龄树1级, 21.0 cm ≤ DBH < 27.0 cm; VII, 中龄树2级, 27.0 cm ≤ DBH < 33.0 cm; VIII, 成年树1级, 33.0 cm ≤ DBH < 39.0 cm; IX, 成年树2级, 39.0 cm ≤ DBH < 45.0 cm; X, 大树, DBH ≥ 45.0 cm。

Fig. 3 Height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) class of Euryodendron excelsum population. St, wild E. excelsum population (including Sanjia Town and Bajia Town); Sa, wild E. excelsum population of Bajia Town; Ss, wild E. excelsum population of Sanjia Town. I, the seedling I stage, 0 < H ≤ 100.0 cm; II, the seedling II stage, H > 100.0 cm, DBH < 3.0 cm; III, the sapling stage, 3.0 cm ≤ DBH < 9.0 cm; IV, the small tree I stage, 9.0 cm ≤ DBH < 15.0 cm; V, the small tree II stage, 15.0 cm ≤ DBH < 21.0 cm; VI, the middle tree I stage, 21.0 cm ≤ DBH < 27.0 cm; VII, the middle tree II stage, 27.0 cm ≤ DBH < 33.0 cm; VIII, the adult tree I stage, 33.0 cm ≤ DBH < 39.0 cm; IX, the adult tree II stage, 39.0 cm ≤ DBH < 45.0 cm; X, the big tree stage, DBH ≥ 45.0 cm.

表3 阳春猪血木种群标准生命表

Table 3 Standard life table of Euryodendron excelsum population in Yangchun City

大小级 Size stage	划分标准 Division standard	a_x	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	k_x	e_x	lnl_x
I (S_t)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	97	1 000	185.	0.19	1 814	1 855	0.21	1.86	6.91
II (S_t)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	79	814	618	0.76	1 010	1 051	1.43	1.29	6.70
III (S_t)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	19	196	123	0.63	268	309	1.00	1.58	5.28
IV (S_t)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	7	72	-20	-0.29	164	206	-0.25	2.86	4.28
V (S_t)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	9	93	30	0.33	154	195	0.41	2.11	4.53
VI (S_t)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	6	62	-41	-0.67	164	206	-0.51	3.33	4.12
VII (S_t)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	10	103	92	0.90	113	154	2.30	1.50	4.64
VIII (S_t)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_t)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_t)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_a)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	80	1 000	453	0.45	1 546	1 587	0.60	1.59	6.91
II (S_a)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	53	546	402	0.74	690	731	1.33	1.34	6.30
III (S_a)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	14	144	123	0.86	164	206	1.95	1.43	4.97
IV (S_a)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	2	21	-10	-0.50	51	92	-0.41	4.50	3.03
V (S_a)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
VI (S_a)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	4	41	-30	-0.75	113	154	-0.56	3.75	3.72
VII (S_a)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	7	72	61	0.86	82	123	1.95	1.71	4.28
VIII (S_a)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_a)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_a)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_s)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	24	1 000	835	0.31	1 164	1 206	1.80	1.21	6.91
II (S_s)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	16	165	113	0.84	216	257	1.16	1.56	6.91
III (S_s)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	5	52	0	0.69	103	144	0.00	2.80	5.11
IV (S_s)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	5	52	-10	0.00	113	154	-0.18	3.00	3.94
V (S_s)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	6	62	41	-0.20	82	123	1.10	2.00	3.94
VI (S_s)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	2	21	-10	0.67	51	92	-0.41	4.50	4.12
VII (S_s)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	3	31							3.03

表3 阳春猪血木种群标准生命表

Table 3 Standard life table of Euryodendron excelsum population in Yangchun City

大小级 Size stage	划分标准 Division standard	a_x	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	k_x	e_x	lnl_x
I (S_t)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	97	1 000	185.	0.19	1 814	1 855	0.21	1.86	6.91
II (S_t)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	79	814	618	0.76	1 010	1 051	1.43	1.29	6.70
III (S_t)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	19	196	123	0.63	268	309	1.00	1.58	5.28
IV (S_t)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	7	72	-20	-0.29	164	206	-0.25	2.86	4.28
V (S_t)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	9	93	30	0.33	154	195	0.41	2.11	4.53
VI (S_t)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	6	62	-41	-0.67	164	206	-0.51	3.33	4.12
VII (S_t)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	10	103	92	0.90	113	154	2.30	1.50	4.64
VIII (S_t)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_t)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_t)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_a)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	80	1 000	453	0.45	1 546	1 587	0.60	1.59	6.91
II (S_a)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	53	546	402	0.74	690	731	1.33	1.34	6.30
III (S_a)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	14	144	123	0.86	164	206	1.95	1.43	4.97
IV (S_a)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	2	21	-10	-0.50	51	92	-0.41	4.50	3.03
V (S_a)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
VI (S_a)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	4	41	-30	-0.75	113	154	-0.56	3.75	3.72
VII (S_a)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	7	72	61	0.86	82	123	1.95	1.71	4.28
VIII (S_a)	DBH [33.0, 39.0)	1	10	-20	-2.00	41	82	-1.10	8.00	2.33
IX (S_a)	DBH [39.0, 45.0)	3	31	-10	-0.33	72	113	-0.29	3.67	3.43
X (S_a)	≥ 45.0	4	41	NA	NA	41	364	3.72	8.83	3.72
I (S_s)	0 ≤ H ≤ 100	24	1 000	835	0.31	1 164	1 206	1.80	1.21	6.91
II (S_s)	H > 100, DBH < 3.0	16	165	113	0.84	216	257	1.16	1.56	6.91
III (S_s)	DBH [3.0, 9.0)	5	52	0	0.69	103	144	0.00	2.80	5.11
IV (S_s)	DBH [9.0, 15.0)	5	52	-10	0.00	113	154	-0.18	3.00	3.94
V (S_s)	DBH [15.0, 21.0)	6	62	41	-0.20	82	123	1.10	2.00	3.94
VI (S_s)	DBH [21.0, 27.0)	2	21	-10	0.67	51	92	-0.41	4.50	4.12
VII (S_s)	DBH [27.0, 33.0)	3	31							3.03

图4 猪血木种群标准化存活曲线。lx, 在x年内标准存活个体数。 Sa, 八甲镇野生猪血木种群; Ss, 三甲镇野生猪血木种群; St, 野生猪血木种群(包括三甲镇和八甲镇)。I-X同图3。

Fig. 4 Standard survival curve of Euryodendron excelsum population. lx, proportion organisms surviving from the beginning of the life table to age x. Sa, wild E. excelsum population of Bajia Town; Ss, wild E. excelsum population of Sanjia Town; St, wild E. excelsum population (including Sanjia Town and Bajia Town). I-X see Fig. 3.

图5 猪血木种群致死力和寿命期望曲线。 Sa-ex, 八甲镇野生猪血木种群进入x年个体的寿命期望值; Sa-kx, 八甲镇野生猪血木种群致死率; Sa-qx, 八甲镇野生猪血木种群标准化死亡率; St-ex, 野生猪血木种群(包括三甲镇和八甲镇)进入x年个体的寿命期望值; St-kx, 野生猪血木种群(包括三甲镇和八甲镇)致死率; St-qx, 野生猪血木种群(包括三甲镇和八甲镇)标准化死亡率。I-X同图3。

Fig. 5 Killing power and life expectancy curve of Euryodendron excelsum population. Sa-ex, life expectancy at age x of wild E. excelsum (only including Bajia Town); Sa-kx, specific mortality of wild E. excelsum (only including Bajia Town); Sa-qx, mortality rate of wild E. excelsum (only including Bajia Town); St-ex, life expectancy at age x of wild E. excelsum (including Sanjia Town and Bajia Town); St-kx, specific mortality of wild E. excelsum (including Sanjia Town and Bajia Town); St-qx, mortality rate of wild E. excelsum (including Sanjia Town and Bajia Town). I-X see Fig. 3.

图6 三甲镇猪血木种群致死力和寿命期望曲线。 ex, 进入x年个体的寿命期望值; kx, 致死率; qx, 标准化死亡率。I-VI同图3。

Fig. 6 Killing power and life expectancy curve of Euryodendron excelsum population of Sanjia town. ex, life expectancy at age x; kx, specific mortality; qx, mortality rate. I-VI see Fig. 3.

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极小种群植物猪血木的种群现状及保护对策

Population status and conservation of an extremely small population species Euryodendron excelsum

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