新疆阿尔泰红山嘴地区的表土孢粉与现代植被

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0195

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 174-186.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0195

新疆阿尔泰红山嘴地区的表土孢粉与现代植被

李媛媛¹^,², 张芸¹^,^*(), 孔昭宸¹, 杨振京³

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学生命科学学院, 北京 100049
³中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061

收稿日期:2020-06-17 接受日期:2020-09-23 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-07
通讯作者: ORCID: *张芸: 0000-0001-7736-306X(zhangygl@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41971121);国家自然科学基金(41572331);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050103)

Surface sporopollen and modern vegetation in Hongshanzui area, Altai, Xinjiang, China

LI Yuan-Yuan¹^,², ZHANG Yun¹^,^*(), KONG Zhao-Chen¹, YANG Zhen-Jing³

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China

Received:2020-06-17 Accepted:2020-09-23 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-07
Contact: ZHANG Yun
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971121);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572331);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新疆阿尔泰山中段的红山嘴地区选取一条沿海拔745-2 413 m的不同植被带群落样方进行调查, 对应采集37个表土样品进行孢粉统计和排序分析, 初步探究了红山嘴地区的植被与表土孢粉之间的对应关系, 并将之与新疆阿尔泰西部的喀纳斯西坡孢粉垂直带进行对比。结果表明, 红山嘴地区表土孢粉谱依照海拔高度自上而下划分为4个孢粉组合类型, 分别对应亚高山草甸、山地森林、灌丛草原和荒漠草原。乔木植物中云杉属(Picea)和松属(Pinus)花粉, 灌木植物中麻黄属(Ephedra)及草本植物中的苋科和蒿属(Artemisia)因受到自然风力、水流及人为活动的影响, 表现出明显的超代表性; 乔木植物中的落叶松属(Larix)花粉, 草本植物中的禾本科及莎草科花粉, 却在其自身为优势种的群落中呈现低代表性; 蒿属与苋科花粉百分含量的比值(Ar/Am)能较好地反映该区气候垂直带的干湿状况, 灌丛草原带的Ar/Am低, 在一定程度上反映了人类活动对草原灌丛化的影响。与新疆阿尔泰西部的喀纳斯西坡孢粉垂直带相比, 红山嘴垂直带的孢粉类型偏少, 同时相似的孢粉带在该区的分布高度比喀纳斯西坡高。此外, 排序分析(RDA)结果表明, 年降水量是影响该区表土孢粉组合的主要环境因子。

关键词: 阿尔泰山地, 表土孢粉, 植被盖度, 环境因子, 排序分析

Abstract:

Aims Our aims are 1) to explore the relationship between vegetation and sporopollen in the surface soil in the Hongshanzui area, which is located in the middle slope of the Altai Mountains, 2) to compare different sporopollen assemblages zones between the Hongshanzui area and the Kanas region, which is located in the western slope of the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang, and 3) to explore the relationships between surface sporopollen and environmental factors.
Methods We collected 37 surface soil samples and carried out modern vegetation survey in the Hongshanzui area along an altitudinal gradient from 745 to 2 413 m. Mathematical statistics and redundancy analysis (RDA) were applied to analyze the distribution pattern of sporopollen in surface soil and its relationships with modern vegetation.
Important findings The results showed that the sporopollen spectrum of surface soil in Hongshanzui area was divided into four zones from top to bottom along the altitudinal gradient, corresponding to the major vegetation types in this region, including subalpine meadow, mountain coniferous forest, shrub steppe and desert steppe. The typical tree species, Picea and Pinus pollen, and shrub species Ephedra,herbs Amaranthaceae and Artemisia,were extra representation in the region, mainly because of the impact of wind and rivers in sporopollen dispersal. Larix,Poaceae, and Cyperaceae had low representations in communities where they were dominant species. Many previous sporopollen studies have shown that the ratio of the percentage of pollen content ofArtemisia to Amaranthaceae (Ar/Am) was a good indicator of the degree of humidity in the semi-arid and arid areas. Our study confirms that Ar/Am roughly corresponded to the wet and dry conditions of the climate vertical zone in this area. To some extent, the low Ar/Am ratio for shrub steppe also reflected the influence of human activities on shrub steppe. Compared with the western slope of Kanas, the characteristics of sporopollen assemblage zones in the Hongshanzui region were incomplete, and the distribution height of similar sporopollen zones in this area was higher than that on the western slope of Kanas. In addition, the results of RDA on sporopollen assemblages and environmental factors (mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and altitude (ALT)) revealed that the MAP was the main environmental factor affecting sporopollen assemblages in the surface soil in the Hongshanzui region.

Key words: Altai Mountains, surface sporopollen, vegetation coverage, environmental factor, Ordination analyses

李媛媛, 张芸, 孔昭宸, 杨振京. 新疆阿尔泰红山嘴地区的表土孢粉与现代植被. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 174-186. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0195

LI Yuan-Yuan, ZHANG Yun, KONG Zhao-Chen, YANG Zhen-Jing. Surface sporopollen and modern vegetation in Hongshanzui area, Altai, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(2): 174-186. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0195

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0195

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/174

图/表 8

图1 新疆红山嘴地区孢粉取样点位置图。

Fig. 1 Study area and locations of the sporopollen sampling sites in the Hongshanzui region of Xinjiang.

图2 新疆红山嘴地区表土孢粉组合图谱。图中菊科的孢粉百分比为排除蒿属、蒲公英属和紫菀属的数值; 蔷薇科和蓼科的孢粉百分比为分别排除委陵菜属和蓼属的数值。AP/NAP, 乔木与非乔木花粉比值; Ar/Am, 蒿属与苋科花粉比值。

Fig. 2 Surface sporopollen percentages and sporopollen zones of the Hongshanzui region in Xinjiang. The pollen percentages of Asteraceae in the figure are the values excluding Artemisia, Taraxacum and Aster; the pollen percentages of Rosaceae and Polygonaceae are the values excluding Potentilla and Polygonum, respectively. ALT, altitude; AP/NAP, arboreal pollen/non-arboreal pollen; Ar/Am, Artemisia/Amaranthaceac pollen.

图3 新疆红山嘴地区主要孢粉类型与样点的RDA排序图。数字代表表土样点。

Fig. 3 Ordination of pollen sampling sites and sporopollen taxa of the Hongshanzui region in Xinjiang in the space of the first two axes of the redundancy analysis (RDA). ALT, altitude; MAP, mean annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature. Number means surface soil samples.

表1 新疆红山嘴地区6个孢粉类群与3个环境因子的相关分析

Table 1 Pearson correlations between the proportions of six sporopollen taxa and three environmental factors of the Hongshanzui region in Xinjiang

	云杉属 Picea	落叶松属 Larix	苋科 Amaranthaceae	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	石竹科 Caryophyllaceae	阴地蕨属 Botrychium
海拔 Altitude	0.218	0.663^**	-0.553^**	0.274	0.674^**	0.408^*
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	-0.357^*	-0.608^**	0.635^**	-0.329^*	-0.617^**	-0.469^**
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.330^*	0.596^**	-0.611^**	0.313	0.624^**	0.494^**

图4 新疆红山嘴地区乔木植物花粉与植被带的关系。

Fig. 4 Relationship between tree pollen and vegetation zones of the Hongshanzui region in Xinjiang.

图5 新疆红山嘴地区4个孢粉组合带蒿属与苋科的比值。

Fig. 5 Ratio of Artemisia and Amaranthaceae in four sporopollen zones of the Hongshanzui region in Xinjiang.

表2 新疆红山嘴和喀纳斯西部相同海拔区间的年平均气温(MAT)和年降水量(MAP)(平均值)。

Table 2 Mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP)(mean) of the same altitude range in Hongshanzui and Western Kanas, Xinjiang

海拔高度 Altitude (m)	MAT (℃)		MAP (mm)
海拔高度 Altitude (m)	红山嘴 Hongshanzui	喀纳斯西坡 Western slope of Kanas	红山嘴 Hongshanzui	喀纳斯西坡 Western slope of Kanas
600-800	3.38	3.82	180	181
800-1 000	2.66	2.24	190	195
1 000-1 200	1.64	1.10	206	213
1 200-1 400	0.33	0.09	222	229
1 400-1 600	-1.75	-2.00	257	264

图6 新疆喀纳斯西坡与红山嘴地区孢粉垂直带对应的海拔。

Fig. 6 Comparison between the altitudes of different sporopollen vertical zones on western slopes of Kanas and Hongshanzui area, Xinjiang.

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新疆阿尔泰红山嘴地区的表土孢粉与现代植被

Surface sporopollen and modern vegetation in Hongshanzui area, Altai, Xinjiang, China

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