植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水淹会对陆生植物存活造成本质影响, 特别是完全水淹对陆生植物的影响更为明显。水淹对陆生植物最为主要的影响是氧气不足, 这主要是由氧气在水中的扩散速率较低引起的。同时, 在水淹胁迫下植物对光和CO₂的获取都会受到限制。所有这些因素都将引起植物生物量减少, 最终导致受淹植物死亡。碳水化合物是植物的能量来源, 与植物在水淹胁迫下存活与否有着密切联系。植物水淹适应性与碳水化合物的相关性主要体现在两大方面: 在生理形态层面, 植物通过伸长生长或抑制伸长生长、地上和地下部分碳水化合物的分配比例不同来应对水淹胁迫; 在另一个层面, 植物通过改变激素、酶和基因的表达, 调整碳水化合物的代谢方式, 从而适应水淹环境。该文结合国内外研究现状, 通过对植物在水淹胁迫下生理形态、激素、酶及基因表达诸方面的变化来认识水淹耐受性与碳水化合物的关系, 并就今后的研究方向提出几点建议。

关键词: 碳水化合物, 水淹, 陆生植物

Abstract:

Flooding causes substantial stress for terrestrial plants, particularly if the floodwater completely submerges the shoot. The main problems during submergence are shortage of oxygen due to slow diffusion rates of gases in water and unfavorable conditions of light and carbon dioxide supply. Collectively, these factors lead to loss of biomass and eventually death of the submerged plants. The survival of plants is closely related to carbohydrates, the substrate for respiration. There are two major aspects of the correlation of plants flooding adaptability and carbohydrates. First, there are morphological and physiological responses of terrestrial plant species that enable the positive effects of carbohydrates on underwater plant performance: plants usually elongate or reduce underwater elongation and maintain a higher level of root carbohydrates that facilitates survival. Second, plants change the expression of hormone, enzyme and gene, adjusting carbohydrate metabolism to flooding. The research advances in concentration of carbohydrates upon morphological and physiological changes and hormone, enzyme and gene expression to submergence are summarized.

Key words: carbohydrates, flooding, terrestrial plants

施美芬, 曾波, 申建红, 类淑桐, 朱智, 刘建辉. 植物水淹适应与碳水化合物的相关性. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(7): 855-866. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.011

SHI Mei-Fen, ZENG Bo, SHEN Jian-Hong, LEI Shu-Tong, ZHU Zhi, LIU Jian-Hui. A review of the correlation of flooding adaptability and carbohydrates in plants. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(7): 855-866. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.011

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