武功山亚高山草甸群落优势植物野古草和芒异速生长对气候变暖的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变暖正持续影响着陆地生态系统的结构和功能, 一直是备受关注的热点问题。异速生长关系被认为是生物界中的一种普遍规律, 但我们对于气候变暖如何影响植物异速生长特征所知甚少。该文采用开顶式增温小室对野外自然生境进行模拟增温的方法, 研究了气候变暖对江西武功山亚高山草甸植物群落优势种野古草(Arundinella anomala)和芒(Miscanthus sinensis)异速生长特征的影响。结果表明: 野古草和芒的大多数形态指标之间均具有显著或极显著相关生长关系和异速生长关系, 气候变暖强化了两种禾本科植物大多数形态特征之间的异速生长, 或改变了其原有的生长关系。气候变暖还导致野古草和芒的基部茎粗与其高度、穗长间由原有的等速生长关系转变为异速生长关系; 野古草基部茎粗与小穗数间的异速生长随着温度升高而趋于增强。气候变暖导致野古草个体高度与其叶片长度的异速生长关系转变为等速生长关系, 而芒有相反表现。同时, 增温促进了野古草株高及叶鞘长的生长, 较强增温则改变了芒株高和叶鞘长之间的生长关系; 野古草和芒的叶片形态特征之间几乎都表现为类似的异速生长关系, 增温对其异速生长指数无显著影响。研究表明气候变暖对不同植物和植物构件具有差异性影响, 这种差异性往往与植物的适应性有关。

关键词: 异速生长, 气候变暖, 禾本科植物, 亚高山草甸, 武功山

Abstract:

AimsArundinella anomala and Miscanthus sinensis are dominant species in the subalpine meadow of Wugongshan Mountains. Here we studied the effects of climate warming on allometric relationships among different growth components in the two species through simulated warming in natural habitat.
Methods The warming experiments were conducted with open-top chambers (OTCs) in natural habitat in a subalpine meadow community of Wugongshan Mountains. The two main Gramineae species, Arundinella anomala and Miscanthus sinensis, were selected as the study materials. Two sizes of OTCs were set up to create contrasting levels of warming (i.e. TD for low warming and TG for high warming). The morphological variables, such as the plant height and the basal diameter of shoots, were measured. Allometric analysis was conducted with the Smart Package in R software.
Important findings Significant or highly significant correlations and significant allometric relationships were found between and among growth components in both species. The allometry of the growth in most morphological features was strengthened and modified by simulated warming. Stem diameter and plant height, and spike length in A. anomala and M. sinensis changed from isometric to allometric following warming. The relationship The synchronized growth between stem diameter and spikelet in A. anomala was weakened, but their allometry was enhanced with increased warming. The allometric relationship between plant height and leaf length in A. anomala transformed into isometric growth, but it was in reversed pattern in M. sinensis. Warming promoted the plant height and leaf sheath length in A. anomala, whilst higher warming changed the growth relationship between plant height and leaf sheath length in M. sinensis. Similar allometric relationships among the leaf traits were observed, but warming did not significantly impact their allometric exponents. The results suggested that climate warming could have varied effects on different plants, and the differences are often related to the adaptability of plants.

Key words: allometry, climate warming, Gramineae, subalpine meadow, Wugongshan Mountains

李晓红, 徐健程, 肖宜安, 胡文海, 曹裕松. 武功山亚高山草甸群落优势植物野古草和芒异速生长对气候变暖的响应. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(9): 871-882. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0117

Xiao-Hong LI, Jian-Cheng XU, Yi-An XIAO, Wen-Hai HU, Yu-Song CAO. Responses in allometric growth of two dominant species of subalpine meadow—Arundinella anomala and Miscanthus sinensis—to climate warming in Wugongshan Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(9): 871-882. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0117

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0117

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I9/871

图/表 6

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参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共同斜率 Common slope
参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	F	p
茎粗-株高 D-H	CKI	59	0.329^**	0.881^b	0.710, 1.093	2.534	2.399, 2.670	7.395	0.029
	TDI	59	0.198^**	1.208^a	0.955, 1.528	2.818	2.614, 3.023
	TGI	58	0.071^*	1.363^a	1.056, 1.759	2.949	2.702, 3.195
	CKII	60	0.419^**	0.934^b	0.766, 1.140	2.457	2.360, 2.554	9.911	0.002
	TDII	46	0.300^**	1.514^a	1.177, 1.947	2.733	2.548, 2.917
	TGII	45	0.292^**	1.333^a	1.032, 1.723	2.776	2.609, 2.943
茎粗-穗长 D-E	CKI	60	0.145^**	1.111^c	0.873, 1.413	1.958	1.768, 2.148	29.920	0.001
	TDI	60	0.166^**	1.566^b	1.234, 1.986	2.229	1.962, 2.496
	TGI	58	0.075^*	2.981^a	2.311, 3.846	3.166	2.627, 3.704
	CKII	60	0.269^**	1.526^a	1.221, 1.907	1.927^a	1.748, 2.105	4.938	0.090
	TDII	46	0.232^**	1.987^a	1.527, 2.585	2.078^b	1.825, 2.332
	TGII	45	0.148^**	2.237^a	1.690, 2.960	2.251^ab	1.943, 2.560
茎粗-小穗数 D-R	CKI	60	0.162^**	1.689^b	1.331, 2.143	2.450	2.164, 2.736	17.060	0.001
	TDI	60	0.076^*	2.076^b	1.617, 2.666	2.645	2.272, 3.018
	TGI	58	0.027	3.527^a	2.717, 4.580	3.584	2.930, 4.238
	CKII	60	0.177^**	1.853^b	1.463, 2.347	1.765	1.534, 1.995	8.858	0.015
	TDII	46	0.381^**	3.074^a	2.426, 3.896	2.262	1.910, 2.614
	TGII	45	0.263^**	2.502^ab	1.927, 3.248	2.002	1.682, 2.322

参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共同斜率 Common slope
参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	F	p
茎粗-株高 D-H	CKI	59	0.329^**	0.881^b	0.710, 1.093	2.534	2.399, 2.670	7.395	0.029
	TDI	59	0.198^**	1.208^a	0.955, 1.528	2.818	2.614, 3.023
	TGI	58	0.071^*	1.363^a	1.056, 1.759	2.949	2.702, 3.195
	CKII	60	0.419^**	0.934^b	0.766, 1.140	2.457	2.360, 2.554	9.911	0.002
	TDII	46	0.300^**	1.514^a	1.177, 1.947	2.733	2.548, 2.917
	TGII	45	0.292^**	1.333^a	1.032, 1.723	2.776	2.609, 2.943
茎粗-穗长 D-E	CKI	60	0.145^**	1.111^c	0.873, 1.413	1.958	1.768, 2.148	29.920	0.001
	TDI	60	0.166^**	1.566^b	1.234, 1.986	2.229	1.962, 2.496
	TGI	58	0.075^*	2.981^a	2.311, 3.846	3.166	2.627, 3.704
	CKII	60	0.269^**	1.526^a	1.221, 1.907	1.927^a	1.748, 2.105	4.938	0.090
	TDII	46	0.232^**	1.987^a	1.527, 2.585	2.078^b	1.825, 2.332
	TGII	45	0.148^**	2.237^a	1.690, 2.960	2.251^ab	1.943, 2.560
茎粗-小穗数 D-R	CKI	60	0.162^**	1.689^b	1.331, 2.143	2.450	2.164, 2.736	17.060	0.001
	TDI	60	0.076^*	2.076^b	1.617, 2.666	2.645	2.272, 3.018
	TGI	58	0.027	3.527^a	2.717, 4.580	3.584	2.930, 4.238
	CKII	60	0.177^**	1.853^b	1.463, 2.347	1.765	1.534, 1.995	8.858	0.015
	TDII	46	0.381^**	3.074^a	2.426, 3.896	2.262	1.910, 2.614
	TGII	45	0.263^**	2.502^ab	1.927, 3.248	2.002	1.682, 2.322

参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验 Shift C test	共同斜率 Common slope
参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验 Shift C test	F	p
株高-节间距 H-P	CKI	60	0.600^**	1.193^a	1.011, 1.408	-1.064^a	-1.445, -0.684	bc	0.058	0.980
	TDI	60	0.494^**	1.158^a	0.961, 1.395	-1.047^b	-1.473, -0.622	ab
	TGI	58	0.539^**	1.181^a	0.985, 1.414	-1.108^b	-1.537, -0.679	a
	CKII	60	0.607^**	1.359^bc	1.153, 1.601	-1.474	-1.918, -1.031		9.808	0.008
	TDII	46	0.276^**	1.586^ab	1.229, 2.048	-1.963	-2.790, -1.135
	TGII	45	0.286^**	2.217^a	1.715, 2.867	-3.535	-4.768, -2.302
株高-叶片长 H-L	CKI	60	0.206^**	1.570^a	1.244, 1.980	-1.547	-2.253, -0.842		6.209	0.044
	TDI	60	0.234^**	1.073^b	0.854, 1.348	-0.593	-1.079, -0.108
	TGI	58	0.057	1.112^b	0.860, 1.439	-0.633	-1.212, -0.054
	CKII	60	0.248^**	0.990^b	0.790, 1.241	-0.444	-0.891, 0.003		11.580	0.004
	TDII	46	0.403^**	0.892^b	0.707, 1.126	-0.230	-0.653, 0.193
	TGII	45	0.496^**	1.499^a	1.207, 1.861	-1.555	-2.255, -0.855
株高-叶鞘长 H-S	CKI	60	0.274^**	1.100^a	0.881, 1.373	-1.161^a	-1.634, -0.688	c	4.664	0.113
	TDI	60	0.343^**	0.844^a	0.683, 1.042	-0.698^a	-1.051, -0.345	b
	TGI	57	0.042	1.175^a	0.904, 1.526	-1.352^a	-1.974, -0.73	a
	CKII	60	0.145^**	0.912^b	0.717, 1.161	-0.773	-1.213, -0.334		10.950	0.004
	TDII	46	0.171^**	0.753^b	0.573, 0.989	-0.508	-0.929, -0.088
	TGII	45	0.715^**	1.241^a	1.054, 1.461	-1.549	-1.985, -1.113
株高-叶面积 H-A	CKI	60	0.265^**	1.938^a	1.550, 2.423	-2.236^a	-3.074, -1.398	c	2.986	0.231
	TDI	60	0.184^**	1.607^a	1.271, 2.034	-1.621^a	-2.371, -0.871	b
	TGI	58	0.040	1.449^a	1.118, 1.878	-1.264^a	-2.025, -0.504	a
	CKII	60	0.252^**	2.102^a	1.678, 2.634	-2.706^a	-3.653, -1.759	c	4.174	0.124
	TDII	46	0.380^**	1.507^a	1.189, 1.910	-1.484^a	-2.212, -0.756	b
	TGII	45	0.627^**	1.885^a	1.564, 2.272	-2.389^b	-3.147, -1.632	a

参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验 Shift C test	共同斜率 Common slope
参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验 Shift C test	F	p
株高-节间距 H-P	CKI	60	0.600^**	1.193^a	1.011, 1.408	-1.064^a	-1.445, -0.684	bc	0.058	0.980
	TDI	60	0.494^**	1.158^a	0.961, 1.395	-1.047^b	-1.473, -0.622	ab
	TGI	58	0.539^**	1.181^a	0.985, 1.414	-1.108^b	-1.537, -0.679	a
	CKII	60	0.607^**	1.359^bc	1.153, 1.601	-1.474	-1.918, -1.031		9.808	0.008
	TDII	46	0.276^**	1.586^ab	1.229, 2.048	-1.963	-2.790, -1.135
	TGII	45	0.286^**	2.217^a	1.715, 2.867	-3.535	-4.768, -2.302
株高-叶片长 H-L	CKI	60	0.206^**	1.570^a	1.244, 1.980	-1.547	-2.253, -0.842		6.209	0.044
	TDI	60	0.234^**	1.073^b	0.854, 1.348	-0.593	-1.079, -0.108
	TGI	58	0.057	1.112^b	0.860, 1.439	-0.633	-1.212, -0.054
	CKII	60	0.248^**	0.990^b	0.790, 1.241	-0.444	-0.891, 0.003		11.580	0.004
	TDII	46	0.403^**	0.892^b	0.707, 1.126	-0.230	-0.653, 0.193
	TGII	45	0.496^**	1.499^a	1.207, 1.861	-1.555	-2.255, -0.855
株高-叶鞘长 H-S	CKI	60	0.274^**	1.100^a	0.881, 1.373	-1.161^a	-1.634, -0.688	c	4.664	0.113
	TDI	60	0.343^**	0.844^a	0.683, 1.042	-0.698^a	-1.051, -0.345	b
	TGI	57	0.042	1.175^a	0.904, 1.526	-1.352^a	-1.974, -0.73	a
	CKII	60	0.145^**	0.912^b	0.717, 1.161	-0.773	-1.213, -0.334		10.950	0.004
	TDII	46	0.171^**	0.753^b	0.573, 0.989	-0.508	-0.929, -0.088
	TGII	45	0.715^**	1.241^a	1.054, 1.461	-1.549	-1.985, -1.113
株高-叶面积 H-A	CKI	60	0.265^**	1.938^a	1.550, 2.423	-2.236^a	-3.074, -1.398	c	2.986	0.231
	TDI	60	0.184^**	1.607^a	1.271, 2.034	-1.621^a	-2.371, -0.871	b
	TGI	58	0.040	1.449^a	1.118, 1.878	-1.264^a	-2.025, -0.504	a
	CKII	60	0.252^**	2.102^a	1.678, 2.634	-2.706^a	-3.653, -1.759	c	4.174	0.124
	TDII	46	0.380^**	1.507^a	1.189, 1.910	-1.484^a	-2.212, -0.756	b
	TGII	45	0.627^**	1.885^a	1.564, 2.272	-2.389^b	-3.147, -1.632	a

参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验Shift C test	共同斜率 Common slope
参数 Item	处理物种 Species	n	R²	斜率检验 Shift A test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	截距检验 Shift B test	95%置信区间 95% confidence intervals	共轴漂移检验Shift C test	F	p
叶面积-叶片长 A-L	CKI	60	0.687^**	0.810^a	0.700, 0.938	0.263^a	0.086, 0.441	b	4.106	0.131
	TDI	60	0.736^**	0.668^a	0.584, 0.764	0.489^a	0.350, 0.628	a
	TGI	58	0.805^**	0.768^a	0.682, 0.864	0.338^a	0.189, 0.486	a
	CKII	60	0.819^**	0.471^c	0.421, 0.526	0.830	0.753, 0.907		30.610	0.001
	TLII	46	0.729^**	0.592^b	0.506, 0.693	0.649	0.503, 0.796
	TGII	44	0.907^**	0.728^a	0.662, 0.800	0.460	0.346, 0.575
叶面积-叶片宽 A-W	CKI	60	0.345^**	0.560^a	0.453, 0.691	-0.810^a	-0.988, -0.633	b	2.378	0.306
	TDI	60	0.608^**	0.548^a	0.465, 0.645	-0.819^b	-0.959, -0.680	b
	TGI	58	0.457^**	0.460^a	0.378, 0.560	-0.710^c	-0.859, -0.561	a
	CKII	60	0.892^**	0.608^a	0.557, 0.663	-0.944	-1.021, -0.867		19.410	0.001
	TLII	46	0.720^**	0.583^a	0.497, 0.684	-0.921	-1.067, -0.775
	TGII	44	0.657^**	0.379^b	0.316, 0.454	-0.636	-0.750, -0.521
叶面积-叶鞘长 A-S	CKI	60	0.214^**	0.567^b	0.450, 0.715	0.108	-0.090, 0.305		14.790	0.001
	TDI	60	0.163^**	0.525^b	0.414, 0.666	0.153	-0.043, 0.348
	TGI	58	0.267^**	0.949^a	0.756, 1.191	-0.545	-0.901, -0.189
	CKII	60	0.027	0.434^bc	0.336, 0.561	0.401	0.236, 0.567		6.745	0.032
	TLII	46	0.316^**	0.500^ab	0.390, 0.641	0.233	0.037, 0.429
	TGII	45	0.545^**	0.658^a	0.536, 0.809	0.024	-0.201, 0.249