黄河三角洲典型滨海盐沼湿地土壤CO2和CH4排放对水盐变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0486

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 434-446.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0486

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

黄河三角洲典型滨海盐沼湿地土壤CO₂和CH₄排放对水盐变化的响应

李雪¹^,³^,⁴, 董杰³, 韩广轩¹^,², 张奇奇¹, 谢宝华¹^,², 李培广¹^,², 赵明亮¹^,², 陈克龙⁴, 宋维民¹^,²^,^*()

¹中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 山东烟台 264003
²中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 山东东营 257000
³聊城大学地理与环境学院, 山东聊城 252000
⁴青海师范大学地理科学学院, 西宁 810000

收稿日期:2021-12-20 接受日期:2022-05-20 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2022-05-21
通讯作者: 宋维民
作者简介:* (wmsong@yic.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委员会-山东联合基金项目(U1906220);国家自然科学基金(41706097);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900703)

Response of soil CO₂ and CH₄ emissions to changes in moisture and salinity at a typical coastal salt marsh of Yellow River Delta

LI Xue¹^,³^,⁴, DONG Jie³, HAN Guang-Xuan¹^,², ZHANG Qi-Qi¹, XIE Bao-Hua¹^,², LI Pei-Guang¹^,², ZHAO Ming-Liang¹^,², CHEN Ke-Long⁴, SONG Wei-Min¹^,²^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Restoration, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
²Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China
³School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
⁴School of Geography Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810000, China

Received:2021-12-20 Accepted:2022-05-20 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2022-05-21
Contact: SONG Wei-Min
Supported by:
NSFC-Shandong Union Project(U1906220);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41706097);National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900703)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海盐沼湿地是重要的“蓝碳”碳汇, 研究水盐变化对土壤碳矿化(CO₂和CH₄排放)的影响, 对理解滨海盐沼湿地的碳汇稳定机制具有重要意义。该研究选取黄河三角洲典型盐沼湿地土壤为研究对象, 通过水盐梯度模拟实验, 研究土壤碳矿化、理化性质、微生物生物量及群落结构对不同土壤水分和盐分含量的响应。主要结果: (1)水盐变化对土壤CO₂、CH₄排放量以及CH₄:CO₂的影响均不存在交互作用, CO₂排放量随土壤含水量增加呈先升后降的单峰型变化趋势, 盐分含量升高则显著抑制CO₂排放; 水分含量升高对CH₄排放具有显著促进作用, 盐分升高则显著抑制CH₄排放。(2)水盐变化对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量具有弱交互作用, 在低水分处理下, DOC随着土壤盐分的增加呈减少趋势, 但在高水分处理下呈增加趋势; CO₂排放与DOC含量呈显著正相关关系, 而CH₄排放与DOC含量没有显著相关性。(3)土壤微生物生物量随水分含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势, 随盐分含量的升高则显著降低; 且相比于CH₄排放, CO₂排放量与微生物生物量具有更高的相关关系。(4)水盐变化显著改变了土壤微生物群落结构, 细菌数量和α多样性指数均随水分含量升高而显著增加, 随盐分含量升高则显著降低; 同时发现土壤CO₂、CH₄排放均与细菌数量、α多样性指数具有显著正相关关系。因此, 在该地区气候暖干化背景下, 土壤水盐条件变化将可能通过调控土壤理化性质、微生物生物量及群落结构等条件对该滨海盐沼湿地碳汇功能产生深远影响。

关键词: 土壤含水量, 盐度, 土壤碳矿化, 滨海盐沼湿地, 黄河三角洲, 蓝碳

Abstract:

Aims Globally, coastal salt marshes have been considered as major blue carbon sinks and contributors for climate change mitigation. Understanding the effects of soil moisture and salinity on soil CO₂and CH₄ emissions will advance better understand of long-term storage of soil carbon in coastal salt marshes.

Methods We conducted a simulation experiment with a gradient of water treatments (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% soil saturated water content) and salt treatments (9 g·kg^-1and 18 g·kg^-1). And we investigated soil carbon mineralization rates, soil properties, microbial biomass and community structure of typical salt marsh soils in the Yellow River Delta.

Important findings We found that: (1) There was no interaction between soil moisture and salinity content on soil CO₂, CH₄ emissions and CH₄:CO₂, and soil CO₂ emissions showed a unimodal curve along the soil moisture gradients and a significant decrease with increasing soil salinity content. The increased soil moisture significantly promoted soil CH₄ emissions, but the increased soil salinity content significantly inhibited soil CH₄emissions. (2) There was a weak significant interaction between moisture and salinity content on dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Under low water treatment, DOC content decreased with increasing soil salinity content, but increased under high water treatment. There was a significant positive relationship between soil CO₂ emissions and DOC content. (3) Soil microbial biomass exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing soil moisture, while soil salinity content significantly decreased microbial biomass. There was a significant positive correlation of microbial biomass with CO₂ and CH₄ emissions. (4) Both soil moisture and salinity treatments modified soil microbial community structure. Soil moisture and salinity treatments significantly increased and decreased the number of bacteria and α diversity index, respectively. Both soil CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were positively correlated with the number of bacteria and α diversity index. The climate is gradually drying and warming in this region due to climate change. Therefore, we speculated that changes in microbial biomass and community structure, soil moisture and salinity content may have potentially profound effects on the carbon-sink function at coastal salt marsh.

Key words: soil water content, salinity, soil carbon mineralization, coastal salt marsh, Yellow River Delta, blue carbon

李雪, 董杰, 韩广轩, 张奇奇, 谢宝华, 李培广, 赵明亮, 陈克龙, 宋维民. 黄河三角洲典型滨海盐沼湿地土壤CO₂和CH₄排放对水盐变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 434-446. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0486

LI Xue, DONG Jie, HAN Guang-Xuan, ZHANG Qi-Qi, XIE Bao-Hua, LI Pei-Guang, ZHAO Ming-Liang, CHEN Ke-Long, SONG Wei-Min. Response of soil CO₂ and CH₄ emissions to changes in moisture and salinity at a typical coastal salt marsh of Yellow River Delta. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(3): 434-446. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0486

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/434

图/表 9

表1 黄河三角洲滨海盐沼湿地0-10 cm表层土壤基本特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Soil physiochemical properties at 0-10 cm depth in the research site at coastal salt marsh of Yellow River Delta (mean ± SE)

TC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	NH₄⁺ -N (mg·kg^-1)	NO₃^- -N (mg·kg^-1)	pH	Soil salinity (%)
12.76 ± 0.07	0.21 ± 0.01	6.56 ± 0.06	1.49 ± 0.03	7.64 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.04

表2 土壤水分和盐分对土壤理化性质和碳矿化速率影响的方差分析

Table 2 Results of two-way ANOVA on the effects of soil moisture and salinity on soil physical and chemical characteristics as well as soil carbon mineralization rate

因子 Factor		TC	TN	DOC	MBC	Cumulative CO₂	Cumulative CH₄	GWP	CH₄:CO₂
土壤水分 Soil moisture	p	<0.01	0.65	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.09
土壤水分 Soil moisture	F	33.78	0.56	21.08	8.33	72.17	6.38	14.21	2.42
土壤盐分 Soil salinity	p	0.22	<0.01	0.15	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.01
土壤盐分 Soil salinity	F	1.59	9.06	2.22	6.07	47.68	14.73	22.99	7.71
土壤水分×盐分 Soil moisture × salinity	p	0.79	0.92	0.06	0.04	0.29	0.96	0.95	0.88
土壤水分×盐分 Soil moisture × salinity	F	0.35	0.17	2.81	3.33	1.33	0.10	0.12	0.23

图1 不同水盐处理下土壤总碳(TC) (A)、总氮(TN) (B)、可溶性有机碳(DOC) (C)和微生物生物量碳(MBC) (D)含量的均值变化(标准值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示在低盐分(S1)下不同水分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在高盐分(S2)下不同水分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05), *表示相同水分下不同盐分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。W1, 25%土壤饱和含水量; W2, 50%土壤饱和含水量; W3, 75%土壤饱和含水量; W4, 100%土壤饱和含水量。

Fig. 1 Effects of soil moisture and salinity on mean values of soil total carbon (TC) content (A), soil total nitrogen (TN) content (B), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content (C) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content (D) (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference between soil moisture treatments under low salinity level (S1) (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between soil moisture treatments under high salinity level (S2) (p < 0.05), and * indicates the significant difference between salinity treatments under the same moisture condition (p < 0.05). W1, 25% soil saturated moisture content; W2, 50% soil saturated moisture content; W3, 75% soil saturated moisture content; W4, 100% soil saturated moisture content.

表3 土壤水分和盐分含量对土壤细菌α多样性指数的双因素方差分析结果

Table 3 Results of two-way ANOVA on the effects of soil moisture and salinity on soil bacterial alpha diversity index

因子 Factor		物种数量 Observed species	PD whole tree指数 PD whole tree index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
土壤水分 Soil moisture	p	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
土壤水分 Soil moisture	F	31.96	29.35	40.49	6.46
土壤盐分 Soil salinity	p	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.30
土壤盐分 Soil salinity	F	29.51	22.25	39.07	1.11
土壤水分 ×盐分 Soil moisture × salinity	p	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.82
土壤水分 ×盐分 Soil moisture × salinity	F	9.02	6.93	5.25	0.31

表4 不同水盐处理下土壤细菌α多样性指数(平均值±标准误)

Table 4 Soil bacterial alpha diversity index under different moisture and salinity treatments (mean ± SE)

盐分处理 Salinity treatment	水分处理 Moisture treatment	物种数量 Observed species	PD whole tree指数 PD whole tree index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
S1	W1	2 603.26 ± 41.57^Ba	213.04 ± 10.30^Ba	6.59 ± 0.41^Ba	3 845.65 ± 165.76^Ba
	W2	3 068.08 ± 36.67^Aa	252.76 ± 3.12^Aa	8.29 ± 0.12^Ba	4 383.72 ± 70.05^Aa
	W3	3 227.84 ± 34.21^Aa	265.12 ± 3.10^Aa	8.81 ± 0.05^Aa	4 577.47 ± 47.85^Aa
	W4	3 241.94 ± 56.62^Aa	268.94 ± 5.06^Aa	8.44 ± 0.13^Aa	4 558.03 ± 63.28^Aa
S2	W1	2 629.74 ± 18.92^Ba	223.32 ± 2.96^Ba	6.46 ± 0.08^Ca	3 881.19 ± 89.97^Ba
	W2	2 541.14 ± 64.56^Bb	219.07 ± 4.55^Bb	6.95 ± 0.19^Bb	3 836.97 ± 84.56^ABb
	W3	2 903.29 ± 39.22^Ab	241.88 ± 2.68^Ab	7.72 ± 0.10^Ab	4 290.19 ± 56.94^Ab
	W4	3 002.14 ± 29.46^Ab	251.94 ± 2.18^Ab	8.00 ± 0.02^Ab	4 395.78 ± 60.89^Aa

图2 土壤细菌群落样本距离热图(A)及非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)分析图(B)。A中大写字母和数字代表土壤样品编号, B中大写字母和数字代表实验处理编号。S1, 9 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; S2, 18 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; W1, 25%的土壤饱和含水量; W2, 50%的土壤饱和含水量; W3, 75%的土壤饱和含水量; W4, 100%的土壤饱和含水量。

Fig. 2 Heat map of soil bacterial community sample distance (A) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis (B). In A, uppercase letters and numbers represent soil sample numbers; in B, uppercase letters and numbers represent the experimental treatment number. S1, 9 g·kg-1 soil salinity; S2, 18 g·kg-1 soil salinity; W1, 25% soil saturation moisture content; W2, 50% soil saturation moisture content; W3, 75% soil saturation moisture content; W4, 100% soil saturation moisture content.

图3 不同水盐处理下土壤CO2排放速率(A)、土壤CH4排放速率(B)、土壤CO2累积排放量(C)和土壤CH4累积排放量(D)的动态变化(平均值±标准误)。S1, 9 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; S2, 18 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; W1, 25%的土壤饱和含水量; W2, 50%的土壤饱和含水量; W3, 75%的土壤饱和含水量; W4, 100%的土壤饱和含水量。

Fig. 3 Dynamic changes of soil CO2 emission rate (A), soil CH4 emission rate (B), soil cumulative CO2 emission rate (C) and soil cumulative CH4 emission rate (D) under different soil moisture and salinity treatments (mean ± SE). S1, 9 g·kg-1 soil salinity; S2, 18 g·kg-1 soil salinity; W1, 25% soil saturation moisture content; W2, 50% soil saturation moisture content; W3, 75% soil saturation moisture content; W4, 100% soil saturation moisture content.

图4 不同水盐处理下土壤CO2累积排放量(A)、CH4累积排放量(B)、全球增温潜势(GWP) (C)及CH4:CO2通量比率(D)的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示在低盐分(S1)下水分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示在高盐分(S2)下水分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05), *表示相同水分下盐分处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。S1, 9 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; S2, 18 g·kg-1的土壤盐分; W1, 25%的土壤饱和含水量; W2, 50%的土壤饱和含水量; W3, 75%的土壤饱和含水量; W4, 100%的土壤饱和含水量。eq, 当量。

Fig. 4 Effects of soil moisture and salinity on values of soil cumulative CO2 emission (A) and soil cumulative CH4 emission (B), global warming potential (GWP) (C) and CH4:CO2 (D) (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference between soil moisture treatments under low salinity level (S1) (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between soil moisture treatments under high salinity level (S2) (p < 0.05), and * indicates significant difference between salinity treatments under the same moisture condition (p < 0.05). S1, 9 g·kg-1 soil salinity; S2, 18 g·kg-1 soil salinity; W1, 25% soil saturation moisture content; W2, 50% soil saturation moisture content; W3, 75% soil saturation moisture content; W4, 100% soil saturation moisture content. eq, equivalent.

图5 土壤碳矿化速率与土壤理化性质、微生物特征之间的Pearson相关关系。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。CH4, 土壤CH4排放量; CH4:CO2, 土壤CH4与CO2通量比率; Chao1, Chao1指数; CO2, 土壤CO2排放量; DOC, 土壤可溶性有机碳含量; GWP, 全球增温潜势; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 土壤微生物生物量氮含量; Observed species, 物种数量; PD whole tree, PD whole tree指数; Shannon, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; TC, 土壤总碳含量; TN, 土壤总氮含量。

Fig. 5 Pearson?s correlation between soil carbon mineralization rate and physical and chemical properties as well as microbial characteristics. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. CH4, soil CH4 emission; CH4:CO2, soil CH4 to CO2 ratio; Chao1, Chao1 index; CO2, soil CO2 emission; DOC, soil dissolved organic carbon content; GWP, global warming potential; MBC, soil microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, soil microbial biomass nitrogen content; PD whole tree, PD whole tree index; Shannon, Shannon-Wiener diversity index; TC, soil total carbon content; TN, soil total nitrogen content.

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黄河三角洲典型滨海盐沼湿地土壤CO₂和CH₄排放对水盐变化的响应

Response of soil CO₂ and CH₄ emissions to changes in moisture and salinity at a typical coastal salt marsh of Yellow River Delta

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