不同形态氮对杨树光合特性及生长的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

杨树(Populus spp.)是我国北方平原地区主要用材和园林绿化树种, 但不同形态氮对杨树生长生理的影响是否有差异目前还不清楚。为探讨4种形态氮(铵态氮、硝态氮、硝铵态氮和酰胺态氮)对杨树光合特性及生长参数的影响。该研究以两种不同基因型杨树——杨树‘546’ (Populus deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’)和杨树‘107’ (P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’)幼苗为实验材料, 采用土培方法, 测定不同形态氮施加后杨树幼苗的气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、株高、基径、比叶面积、生物量及根冠比变化。两种基因型杨树生长习性基本类似, 喜光、喜水、喜肥, 但杨树‘546’较杨树‘107’对低温更敏感, 有着较低的株高与较大的单叶面积。结果显示: 杨树‘546’和杨树‘107’叶片光合特性相似, 但生长状况存在明显差异。氮处理能够显著提高两种杨树净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光系统II (PSII)实际光化学量子效率、流经PSII的电子传递速率、基径、株高、比叶面积及生物量, 但降低其根冠比。除叶片净光合速率，杨树其他光合特性指标和生长参数在不同形态氮处理间差异不显著, 但不同基因型杨树对不同形态氮的响应明显不同。特别是, 相比于其他形态氮处理, 硝铵态氮处理显著提高杨树‘107’叶片净光合速率, 但不同形态氮处理对杨树‘546’光合特征和生长指标的影响均没有显著差异。综合来看, 硝铵态氮和酰胺态氮对杨树光合、生长和生物量积累更有利, 但杨树‘107’在酰胺态氮处理下氮利用效率更高, 而杨树‘546’则倾向利用硝态氮和铵态氮。

关键词: 杨树, 氮形态, 生物量, 气体交换参数, 荧光参数

Abstract:

Aims Poplars (Populusspp.) are main timber and greening trees in the Northern Plains of China, and remains unclear whether nitrogen form defines the effects of nitrogen on poplar growth and physiology. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the effects of different nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen mixed state and amido nitrogen) on photosynthesis and growth of poplar seedlings.

Methods Two poplar clones (Populus deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’, clone ‘546’ and P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’, clone ‘107’) were used as test materials. Poplar ‘546’ has lower plant height and larger single leaf area and is more sensitive to low temperature than poplar ‘107’. An experiment was conducted to determine gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, plant height and branch diameter, specific leaf area, biomass and root-shoot ratio in seedlings treated with different forms of nitrogen.

Important findings The results showed that leaf photosynthesis characteristics of clones ‘546’ and ‘107’ were similar, but their growth parameters differed. Nitrogen application significantly increased leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate of photosystem II (PSII), PSII actual photochemical quantum yield, photosynthetic electron transport rate, branch diameter, plant height, specific leaf area and plant biomass, but reduced root-shoot ratio. Except for leaf net photosynthetic rate, there were no significant differences in other photosynthesis characteristics and growth parameters among different nitrogen forms. The response significantly differed between the two clones. Relative to other nitrogen treatments, specifically, leaf net photosynthetic rate was significantly increased by ammonia-nitrogen mixed state treatment in clone ‘107’, while most of the indexes of ‘546’ poplar were not significantly different among different nitrogen treatments. These results suggested that the application of ammonia-nitrogen mixed state and amido nitrogen can promote the photosynthesis, growth and biomass accumulation of poplar seedlings. However, clone ‘107’ has a higher nitrogen use efficiency under amide nitrogen treatment, whereas the best suitable nitrogen application form for clone ‘546’ was nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.

Key words: poplar, nitrogen form, biomass, gas exchange parameter, fluorescence parameter

杜英东, 袁相洋, 冯兆忠. 不同形态氮对杨树光合特性及生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 348-360. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0201

DU Ying-Dong, YUAN Xiang-Yang, FENG Zhao-Zhong. Effects of different nitrogen forms on photosynthesis characteristics and growth of poplar. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(3): 348-360. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0201

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0201

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/348

图/表 5

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参数 Parameter	氮处理 N treatment	基因型 Clones	氮处理 × 基因型 N treatment × clones
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	<0.01	0.97	0.09
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	<0.01	0.12	0.08
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	<0.01	0.54	0.36
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	<0.05	0.75	0.56
开放的光系统II反应中心激发能捕获效率 The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem II reaction center	<0.01	0.46	0.43
光化学淬灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient	<0.01	0.21	0.66
光系统II实际光量子产量 Photosystem II actual photochemical quantum yield	<0.01	0.67	0.67
流经光系统II的电子传递速率 Electron transport rate of photosystem II	<0.01	0.68	0.67
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
株高变化率 Change rate in plant height	<0.01	<0.01	0.37
基径变化率 Change rate in branch diameter	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.34
茎生物量 Stem biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.85
根生物量 Root biomass	0.46	<0.01	0.27
总生物量 Total biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.57
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05

参数 Parameter	氮处理 N treatment	基因型 Clones	氮处理 × 基因型 N treatment × clones
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	<0.01	0.97	0.09
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	<0.01	0.12	0.08
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	<0.01	0.54	0.36
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	<0.05	0.75	0.56
开放的光系统II反应中心激发能捕获效率 The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem II reaction center	<0.01	0.46	0.43
光化学淬灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient	<0.01	0.21	0.66
光系统II实际光量子产量 Photosystem II actual photochemical quantum yield	<0.01	0.67	0.67
流经光系统II的电子传递速率 Electron transport rate of photosystem II	<0.01	0.68	0.67
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
株高变化率 Change rate in plant height	<0.01	<0.01	0.37
基径变化率 Change rate in branch diameter	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.34
茎生物量 Stem biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.85
根生物量 Root biomass	0.46	<0.01	0.27
总生物量 Total biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.57
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05

基因型 Clones	氮处理 N treatment	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g)	根生物量 Root biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
杨树‘107’ P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’	清水 CK	43.68 ± 1.40^abc	58.51 ± 1.94^cd	43.74 ± 2.02^ab	146.12 ± 5.33^bcd	0.43 ± 0.02^c
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	38.38 ± 1.41^bcd	54.30 ± 2.19^d	36.93 ± 1.30^b	132.38 ± 3.11^cd	0.44 ± 0.05^c
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	46.75 ± 1.90^ab	72.55 ± 3.34^ab	40.66 ± 2.40^ab	161.71 ± 4.15^ab	0.35 ± 0.01^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	46.46 ± 0.83^ab	72.19 ± 1.92^ab	39.95 ± 2.37^ab	154.93 ± 9.71^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	44.86 ± 0.53^abc	69.82 ± 2.97^abc	39.98 ± 1.90^ab	154.81 ± 4.38^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	51.43 ± 2.62^a	79.60 ± 3.78^a	45.01 ± 2.44^ab	172.55 ± 3.07^a	0.36 ± 0.03^c
杨树‘546’ P. deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’	清水 CK	33.04 ± 2.30^cd	40.88 ± 2.17^e	51.91 ± 2.77^a	130.03 ± 4.48^cd	0.67 ± 0.04^a
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	33.05 ± 1.43^d	40.38 ± 1.72^e	46.41 ± 2.65^ab	120.03 ± 2.76^d	0.64 ± 0.05^ab
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	42.55 ± 1.27^bc	64.24 ± 2.51^bcd	42.71 ± 2.65^ab	147.36 ± 7.33^abc	0.42 ± 0.04^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	43.87 ± 2.58^abc	57.75 ± 3.47^d	49.78 ± 5.01^ab	151.53 ± 5.62^abc	0.49 ± 0.04^bc
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	43.43 ± 1.48^abc	58.47 ± 1.96^cd	47.75 ± 2.57^ab	149.77 ± 4.01^abc	0.47 ± 0.03^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	44.69 ± 2.16^abc	62.05 ± 1.33^bcd	44.02 ± 1.66^ab	150.89 ± 7.96^abc	0.42 ± 0.02^c

基因型 Clones	氮处理 N treatment	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g)	根生物量 Root biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
杨树‘107’ P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’	清水 CK	43.68 ± 1.40^abc	58.51 ± 1.94^cd	43.74 ± 2.02^ab	146.12 ± 5.33^bcd	0.43 ± 0.02^c
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	38.38 ± 1.41^bcd	54.30 ± 2.19^d	36.93 ± 1.30^b	132.38 ± 3.11^cd	0.44 ± 0.05^c
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	46.75 ± 1.90^ab	72.55 ± 3.34^ab	40.66 ± 2.40^ab	161.71 ± 4.15^ab	0.35 ± 0.01^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	46.46 ± 0.83^ab	72.19 ± 1.92^ab	39.95 ± 2.37^ab	154.93 ± 9.71^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	44.86 ± 0.53^abc	69.82 ± 2.97^abc	39.98 ± 1.90^ab	154.81 ± 4.38^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	51.43 ± 2.62^a	79.60 ± 3.78^a	45.01 ± 2.44^ab	172.55 ± 3.07^a	0.36 ± 0.03^c
杨树‘546’ P. deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’	清水 CK	33.04 ± 2.30^cd	40.88 ± 2.17^e	51.91 ± 2.77^a	130.03 ± 4.48^cd	0.67 ± 0.04^a
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	33.05 ± 1.43^d	40.38 ± 1.72^e	46.41 ± 2.65^ab	120.03 ± 2.76^d	0.64 ± 0.05^ab
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	42.55 ± 1.27^bc	64.24 ± 2.51^bcd	42.71 ± 2.65^ab	147.36 ± 7.33^abc	0.42 ± 0.04^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	43.87 ± 2.58^abc	57.75 ± 3.47^d	49.78 ± 5.01^ab	151.53 ± 5.62^abc	0.49 ± 0.04^bc
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	43.43 ± 1.48^abc	58.47 ± 1.96^cd	47.75 ± 2.57^ab	149.77 ± 4.01^abc	0.47 ± 0.03^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	44.69 ± 2.16^abc	62.05 ± 1.33^bcd	44.02 ± 1.66^ab	150.89 ± 7.96^abc	0.42 ± 0.02^c