土壤种子库特征对全球变化和人类活动的响应: 研究进展与展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0349

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤种子库代表陆地生态系统物种多样性的资源储备库之一, 在物种和遗传多样性维持及生态恢复中发挥重要作用。全球变化和人类活动对土壤种子库产生了重要影响, 现有研究多数仅关注土壤种子库对小(区域)尺度或单个影响因子的响应。尺度小或欠缺多因素耦合的研究限制了人们对土壤种子库响应全球变化和人类活动的全面认识。该文基于中国知网和Web of Science学术数据库, 对检索到截至2022年2月9日的共7 606篇相关文献进行文献计量分析, 系统梳理了土壤种子库研究的现有进展, 综述了土壤种子库研究的发展趋势, 以期为未来土壤种子库的重点研究方向提供新思路。目前大部分研究认为全球变化(温度、降水和氮沉降)和人类活动(土地利用、围栏放牧和生态恢复)会直接或间接改变土壤种子库物种的组成和大小(密度)。土壤种子库在退化生态系统恢复中的作用机制仍然未有定论。综述认为仍需加强以下4个方面研究: (1)规范土壤种子库取样方法, 包括取样时间、取样大小、取样深度, 建立完备的研究方法体系; (2)建立野外长期定位观测实验站, 在时空尺度开展土壤种子库动态特征研究; (3)考虑全球变化和人类活动多因素耦合效应对土壤种子库的影响; (4)基于野外长期定位观测数据, 并结合模型预测并量化未来多重因素共同影响下土壤种子库的变化特征及其在生态系统恢复过程中的潜力。

关键词: 土壤种子库, 全球变化, 人类活动, 生态恢复

Abstract:

Soil seed banks (SSBs) represent potential resource reserves for future species diversity in the terrestrial ecosystem, and play an important role in the storage of species and genetic diversity. Global changes and human activities have important impacts on SSBs, while current studies mainly focus on the response of SSBs to small scales (region) or single influencing factor. Comprehensive understanding on the responses of SSBs to global changes and human activities was limited by small scale (region) or lack of the multi-factor coupling. In this review, a total of 7 606 related articles were retrieved from databases of CNKI and Web of Science, ranging from 1980 to 9th February 2022, and bibliometrics were conducted to summarize the study progress and to guide the future study on the SSBs. The research outcomes of SSBs suggest that global changes (temperature, precipitation change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition) and human activities (soil use change, fenced, grazing and ecology restoration) have direct or indirect effects on the composition and size (density) of SSBs. The roles of SSBs in restoring degraded ecosystems remain unresolved. Four major research directions in SSBs still need to be paid more attention: (1) Standardize the sampling methods of SSBs, including sampling time, sampling size, and sampling depth, and establish a complete research methods systems; (2) Establish long-term field positioning observation and experimental station to study the change characteristics of SSBs on time and space scales; (3) Research on multi-factor interaction effects under global changes and human activities; (4) Based on the observation of long-term data, developing the models to predict and quantify the future restoration potential of SSBs to plant communities and ecosystems in the context of multiple factors.

Key words: soil seed bank, global changes, human activity, ecology restoration

杜忠毓, 王佳, 陈光才. 土壤种子库特征对全球变化和人类活动的响应: 研究进展与展望. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(12): 1561-1575. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0349

DU Zhong-Yu, WANG Jia, CHEN Guang-Cai. Response of soil seed banks to global change and human activity: current knowledge and advances. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(12): 1561-1575. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0349

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0349

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I12/1561

图/表 5

图1 土壤种子库研究的重要时间节点。

Fig. 1 Important time points in study of soil seed banks.

图2 1973-2022年土壤种子库相关研究论文数量变化情况。

Fig. 2 Increasing in the number of publications related to soil seed banks form 1973-2022.

图3 不同生态系统的论文数量及全球变化和人类活动类型论文占比。

Fig. 3 Number of papers on different ecosystems and the proportion of papers on global change and human activities.

图4 土壤种子库取样方法。A, 随机法。B, 样线法。C, 小支撑多样点法。

Fig. 4 Sampling methods of soil seed banks. A, Random sampling method. B, Line sampling method. C, Small support multiple point method.

图5 全球变化和人类活动与土壤种子库关系的概念路径模型。箭头表示影响路径; +表示促进, -表示抑制。

Fig. 5 Conceptual pathway model of the relationship between soil seed banks and global change and human activities. Arrows represent the effect paths. “+” represents positive relationship, “-” represents negative relationship.

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