祁连圆柏林群落组成及特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0163

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 852-864.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0163 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0163

祁连圆柏林群落组成及特征

陈龙¹^,²(), 郭柯³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), 勾晓华², 赵秀海⁶, 马泓若¹

¹甘肃自然能源研究所, 兰州 730046
²兰州大学资源环境学院, 兰州 730000
³中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁵国家植物园, 北京 100093
⁶北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-05-20 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-19
通讯作者: *郭柯(guoke@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0301);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050402)

Community components and characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii forests

CHEN Long¹^,²(), GUO Ke³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), GOU Xiao-Hua², ZHAO Xiu-Hai⁶, MA Hong-Ruo¹

¹Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhou 730046, China
²College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
³Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁵China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
⁶Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-05-20 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-19
Contact: *GUO Ke(guoke@ibcas.ac.cn)
Supported by:
Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)(2019QZKK0301);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050402)

1. 附录祁连圆柏林样方数据集.xlsx(344KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

祁连圆柏(Juniperus przewalskii)林广泛分布于青藏高原东北部山地, 是中国特有的森林植被类型, 是高山林线以及林草交错带的代表性群落, 发挥着不可替代的固土保水、生物多样性保护等生态屏障功能与作用。系统研究祁连圆柏林的空间分布、群落结构与物种组成及其特征, 可为当前祁连圆柏林保护、利用及其持续管理提供科学依据。该研究于2018-2022年在植物生长季对祁连圆柏林进行详细的样方调查, 设置样地53个, 并通过历史资料收集得到20个调查样地, 最终, 共获取完整调查样地资料73个, 基本遍及祁连圆柏林全部分布区。通过群落数量统计及聚类分析发现: (1)祁连圆柏林主要分布于海拔2 800-3 800 m的山地阳坡、半阳坡, 通常占据同地段生境条件相对严酷的干燥、瘠薄、陡峭的山坡, 现存林多为次生演替后的顶极群落, 林分相对稀疏, 郁闭度0.2-0.6, 平均高度5-13 m, 由乔木层、灌木层和草本层组成, 乔木层以祁连圆柏为绝对优势, 径级结构呈右偏正态分布, 胸径集中于4-8 cm, 灌木层和草本层随生境条件变化差异较大。(2)林内共记录到维管植物370种, 隶属于48科151属, 其中被子植物45科148属, 裸子植物2科2属, 蕨类植物1科1属, 前三大科分别为菊科、禾本科和豆科, 生活型组成中, 草本植物种类明显多于木本植物。(3)根据群落优势种和特征种, 祁连圆柏林可进一步划分出11个群丛组、25个群丛, 空间上表现出明显的生态序列, 海拔从低到高依次为祁连圆柏-鲜黄小檗(Berberis diaphana)-草本群丛组、祁连圆柏-金露梅(Dasiphora fruticosa)-草本群丛组、祁连圆柏-小叶金露梅(Dasiphora parvifolia)-草本群丛组、祁连圆柏-银露梅(Dasiphora glabra)-草本群丛组, 在人为扰动严重的区域, 群落中灌木层发育较差, 逐渐向祁连圆柏-草本群丛组发展。

关键词: 祁连圆柏林, 植物群落, 青藏高原, 生态序列, 径级结构

Abstract:

The Juniperus przewalskii forests is a unique vegetation type that only appear in China. They are widely distributed in the mountains of the northeastern edge of the Qingzang Plateau, which became a representative community of the alpine timberline and the forest-grass ecotone. Such forests play crucial roles in slope protection, soil conservation, water source preservation, and habitat improvement. A systematic study on their distribution, composition, and characteristics can provide a scientific basis for the current protection, utilization, and sustainable management of J. przewalskii forests. We conducted a comprehensive survey of J. przewalskii forests throughout the growing seasons from 2018 to 2022. We set up 53 new survey plots and compiled data from 20 historical survey plots; the results covered the entire distribution area of J. przewalskii forests. Through community quantitative statistics and cluster analysis, the main results are as follows. (1) J. przewalskii forests are primarily distributed on sunny and semi-sunny mountain slopes from 2 800 to 3 800 m. They usually occupy harsh environment that is dry, barren, and steep slopes. The existing forests are mostly climax communities after secondary successions. Such forest stands are relatively sparse, with a canopy coverage of 0.2 to 0.6 and an average height from 5 to 13 m. The vertical structure consists of the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. The tree layer is dominated by J. przewalskii, and the diameter class structure shows a right-skewed normal distribution, with the diameter at breast height mainly distributed in the 4-8 cm range. The shrub layer and herb layer vary greatly with changes in habitat conditions. (2) A total of 370 species of vascular plants have been recorded, which belong to 48 families and 151 genera. Among them, there are 45 families, 148 genera of angiosperms, 2 families and 2 genera of gymnosperms, and 1 family and 1 genus of pteridophytes. The top three dominant families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae. There are obviously more herbaceous species than woody species in terms of the composition of vegetation forms. (3) Juniperus przewalskii forests can be further classified into 11 association groups and 25 associations based on the dominant and characteristic species of the community. The spatial distribution exhibits a clear ecological sequence, including (from low to high altitude) J. przewalskii - Berberis diaphana - Herb Association Group, J. przewalskii - Dasiphora fruticosa - Herb Association Group, J. przewalskii - Dasiphora parvifolia - Herb Association Group, and J. przewalskii - Dasiphora glabra - Herb Association Group. In areas with significant human disturbance, the shrub layer in the community is poorly developed and gradually develops into Juniperus przewalskii - Herb Association group.

Key words: Juniperus przewalskii forest, plant community, Qingzang Plateau, ecological sequence, diameter class structure

陈龙, 郭柯, 勾晓华, 赵秀海, 马泓若. 祁连圆柏林群落组成及特征. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 852-864. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0163

CHEN Long, GUO Ke, GOU Xiao-Hua, ZHAO Xiu-Hai, MA Hong-Ruo. Community components and characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(6): 852-864. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0163

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0163

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I6/852

图/表 7

图1 祁连圆柏林分布区及样点分布。

Fig. 1 Locations of sampling sites and the distributed area of Juniperus przewalskii forests.

表1 祁连圆柏林气候因子的统计特征

Table 1 Statistics of climatic factors in Juniperus przewalskii forests

气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Average	标准误 Standard error	95%置信区间 Confidence interval (95%)		最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value
气候因子 Climatic factor	平均值 Average	标准误 Standard error	下限 Lower limit	上限 Upper limit	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value
年平均气温 Average annual air temperature (℃)	0.12	1.64	-0.26	0.49	-2.50	3.90
最冷月平均气温 Average air temperature of the coldest month (℃)	-20.18	2.46	-20.75	-19.61	-21.00	-15.00
最热月平均气温 Average air temperature of the warmest month (℃)	17.23	1.49	16.89	17.58	12.90	22.00
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	321.88	108.06	297.02	346.74	161.00	740.00
潜在蒸散 Potential evapotranspiration (mm)	382.62	4.87	372.81	392.43	333.35	478.60
实际蒸散 Actual evapotranspiration (mm)	352.44	64.30	333.35	371.54	154.45	430.29

图2 祁连圆柏林分布的空间变化。

Fig. 2 Variations in spatial distributions of Juniperus przewalskii forests.

图3 祁连圆柏林径级结构及株高(平均值±标准误)特征。A, 祁连圆柏林群系径级结构及株高特征。B-L分别为祁连圆柏-草本群丛组(B)、祁连圆柏-金露梅-草本群丛组(C)、祁连圆柏-小叶金露梅-草本群丛组(D)、祁连圆柏-银露梅-草本群丛组(E)、祁连圆柏-昌都锦鸡儿-草本群丛组(F)、祁连圆柏-鲜黄小檗-草本群丛组(G)、祁连圆柏-鬼箭锦鸡儿-草本群丛组(H)、祁连圆柏-秦岭小檗-草本-苔藓群丛组(I)、祁连圆柏-锦鸡儿-草本群丛组(J)、祁连圆柏-鲜黄小檗+匍匐栒子-草本群丛组(K)和祁连圆柏-高山绣线菊+两色帚菊-草本群丛组(L)径级结构及株高特征。

Fig. 3 Characteristics of diameter classes and height (mean ± SE) of Juniperus przewalskii forests. A, Diameter classes and plant height of J. przewalskii Alliance. B-L, Diameter classes and plant height of J. przewalskii - Herb Association Group (B), J. Przewalskii - Dasiphora fruticosa - Herb Association Group (C), J. przewalskii - Dasiphora parvifolia - Herb Association Group (D), J. przewalskii - Dasiphora glabra - Herb Association Group (E), J. przewalskii - Caragana changduensis - Herb Association Group (F), J. przewalskii - Berberis diaphana - Herb Association Group (G), J. przewalskii - Caragana jubata - Herb Association Group (H), J. przewalskii - Berberis circumserrata - Herb - Moss Association Group (I), J. przewalskii - Caragana sp. - Herb Association Group (J), J. przewalskii - Berberis diaphana + Cotoneaster adpressus - Herb Association Group (K), J. przewalskii - Spiraea alpina + Pertya discolor - Herb Association Group (L).

图4 祁连圆柏林垂直分层结构示意图。A, 呈乔木林状的祁连圆柏林。B, 灌丛状的祁连圆柏林。①祁连圆柏; ②灌木层; ③草本层; ④苔藓层。

Fig. 4 An illustration of vertical strata of plants in Juniperus przewalskii forests. A, Represents tree-like woodland of J. przewalskii forests. B, Represents shrub-like woodland of J. przewalskii forests. ① J. przewalskii; ② the shrub layer; ③ the herb layer; ④ the moss layer.

图5 祁连圆柏林的科(A)、属(B)和生活型(C)组成。

Fig. 5 Categories of plant species in Juniperus przewalskii forests: family (A), genus (B) and life form spectrum (C).

图6 祁连圆柏林空间分布的演替序列。AD, 海拔降低; AI, 海拔升高; DH, 扰动的生境; SH, 稳定的生境。

Fig. 6 Successional series of the Juniperus przewalskii forests distribution. AD, altitude decreased; AI, altitude increased; DH, disturbed habitat; SH, stable habitat.

参考文献 21

[1]	Chen WN, Wu N, Luo P (2005). Sabina przewalskii community structure in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, 197-202.
	[陈文年, 吴宁, 罗鹏 (2005). 岷江上游祁连山圆柏群落结构研究. 应用生态学报, 16, 197-202.]
[2]	Chen YP, Chen T, Zhang MX, Zhang YF, An LZ (2008). The relation of seasonal changes in water and organic osmotica to freezing tolerance in the leaves of Sabina. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 28, 336-341.
	[陈银萍, 陈拓, 张满效, 张有福, 安黎哲 (2008). 圆柏属常绿木本植物叶片水分、渗透调节物质的季节变化与抗冷冻性的关系. 植物研究, 28, 336-341.] DOI
[3]	Fang JY, Wang XP, Shen ZH, Tang ZY, He JS, Yu D, Jiang Y, Wang ZH, Zheng CY, Zhu JL, Guo ZD (2009). Methods and protocols for plant community inventory. Biodiversity Science, 17, 533-548. DOI
	[方精云, 王襄平, 沈泽昊, 唐志尧, 贺金生, 于丹, 江源, 王志恒, 郑成洋, 朱江玲, 郭兆迪 (2009). 植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范. 生物多样性, 17, 533-548.] DOI
[4]	Gou X, Gao L, Deng Y, Chen F, Yang M, Still C (2015). An 850-year tree-ring-based reconstruction of drought history in the western Qilian Mountains of northwestern China. International Journal of Climatology, 35, 3308-3319.
[5]	Guo K, Fang JY, Wang GH, Tang ZY, Xie ZQ, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Qiang S, Liang CZ, Da LJ, Yu D (2020). A revised scheme of vegetation classification system of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 111-127. DOI
	[郭柯, 方精云, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹 (2020). 中国植被分类系统修订方案. 植物生态学报, 44, 111-127.] DOI
[6]	Guo K, Song CY, Liu CC (2022). Specifications for Surveying Forests and Shrubs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 13-76.
	[郭柯, 宋创业, 刘长城 (2022). 青藏高原森林和灌丛调查规范. 中国林业出版社, 北京. 13-76.]
[7]	Jian QL, Wen LY, Chen T, Zhang MX, Xu SJ (2010). Seasonal changes in the contents of pigments and anthocyanins synthetase activity of Sabina przewalskii and Sabina chinensis. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 45, 698-704.
	[简启亮, 文陇英, 陈拓, 张满效, 徐世健 (2010). 祁连圆柏和圆柏色素含量及其花青苷合成酶活性的季节性变化. 植物学报, 45, 698-704.] DOI
[8]	Jing S, Zhang J, Hou XW, Chen ZL, Yan SY, Hou L (2021). Natural regeneration characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii the forest in the east of three-river resource region. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 36(3), 52-58.
	[井赛, 张静, 侯晓巍, 陈志林, 闫生义, 侯琳 (2021). 三江源东部祁连圆柏天然更新特征研究. 西北林学院学报, 36(3), 52-58.]
[9]	Meng XY (2006). Forest Mensuration. 3rd ed. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
	[孟宪宇 (2006). 测树学. 3版. 中国林业出版社, 北京.]
[10]	Peng JF, Gou XH, Chen FH, Fang KY, Zhang F (2010). Influences of slope aspect on the growth of Sabina przewalskii along an elevation gradient in China’s Qinghai Province. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 517-525.
	[彭剑峰, 勾晓华, 陈发虎, 方克艳, 张芬 (2010). 坡向对海拔梯度上祁连圆柏树木生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 34, 517-525.] DOI
[11]	Sheppard PR, Tarasov PE, Graumlich LJ, Heussner KU, Wagner M, Österle H, Thompson LG (2004). Annual precipitation since 515 BC reconstructed from living and fossil juniper growth of northeastern Qinghai Province, China. Climate Dynamics, 23, 869-881.
[12]	The Editorial Committee of Flora of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1959-2004). Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing.
	[中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会(1959-2004). 中国植物志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[13]	The Editorial Committee of Forest in China(1998). Forest in China: Vol. 2. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 1108-1115.
	[中国森林编辑委员会(1998). 中国森林:第二卷. 中国林业出版社, 北京. 1108-1115.]
[14]	The Editorial Committee of Forests of Qinghai(1993). Forests of Qinghai. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing. 230-239.
	[青海森林编辑委员会(1993). 青海森林. 中国林业出版社, 北京. 230-239.]
[15]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation of China(1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing. 208-209.
	[中国植被编辑委员会(1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京. 208-209.]
[16]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation of Sichuan(1980). Vegetation of Sichuan. Sichuan People’s Publishing House, Chengdu 182-184.
	[四川植被协作组(1980). 四川植被. 四川人民出版社, 成都 182-184.]
[17]	Wang GH (2000). Population Diversity of Plant Community in Hexi Mountain Oasis Desert, Gansu, China. PhD dissertation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 62-63.
	[王国宏 (2000). 河西山地、绿洲、荒漠植物群落种群多样性研究. 博士学位论文, 甘肃农业大学, 兰州 62-63.]
[18]	Wang GH, Fang JY, Guo K, Xie ZQ, Tang ZY, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Wang XP, Wang DL, Qiang S, Yu D, Peng SL, Da LJ, Liu Q, Liang CZ (2020). Contents and protocols for the classification and description of Vegetation Formations, Alliances and Associations of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 128-178. DOI
	[王国宏, 方精云, 郭柯, 谢宗强, 唐志尧, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 王襄平, 王德利, 强胜, 于丹, 彭少麟, 达良俊, 刘庆, 梁存柱 (2020). 《中国植被志》编研内容与规范. 植物生态学报, 44, 128-178.] DOI
[19]	Zhang J, Gou X, Manzanedo RD, Zhang F, Pederson N (2018). Cambial phenology and xylogenesis of Juniperus przewalskii over a climatic gradient is influenced by both temperature and drought. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 260, 165-175.
[20]	Zhou XM, Wang ZB, Du Q (1986). Vegetation of Qinghai. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining 4-24.
	[周兴民, 王质彬, 杜庆 (1986). 青海植被. 青海人民出版社, 西宁 4-24.]
[21]	Zhu Q, Ning P, Hou L, Hao JT, Hu YY (2022). Characteristics of Juniperus community types in the Three-River-Source Region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 46, 114-122.
	[朱芩, 宁盼, 侯琳, 郝家田, 胡云云 (2022). 三江源地区刺柏属植物群落类型特征. 植物生态学报, 46, 114-122.] DOI

祁连圆柏林群落组成及特征

Community components and characteristics of Juniperus przewalskii forests

全文

PDF (PC)

附录附件

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	王世松, 曲孝云, 董劭琼, 李佳鸿, 杨琦, 侯满福, 赵利清, 郭柯, 刘长成, 胥晓. 西藏札达典型荒漠植被类型及群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 801-812.
[2]	王娟, 张登山, 肖元明, 裴全帮, 王博, 樊博, 周国英. 长期围封后高寒草原植物根系分泌物特征与环境因子关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 596-609.
[3]	张辉, 赵赟鹏, 刘晓琛, 郭增鹏, 胡国瑞, 冯彦皓, 马妙君. 高寒草甸退化过程中土壤种子库的变化及其在植物群落更新中的潜在作用[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 74-82.
[4]	王雯莹, 肖元明, 王小赟, 徐嘉昕, 马玉花, 李强峰, 周国英. 多功能群物种配置模式下退化高寒草甸植物多样性与生态系统多功能性的关联[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 103-117.
[5]	姚宝辉, 王蓉, 谈昭贤, 张妍, 王义弘, 王苏芹, 周华坤, 曲家鹏. 艾美耳球虫投放对高原鼠兔及高寒草地植物群落特征的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 199-210.
[6]	王麟, 李雪, 王愉, 王新, 胡小文, 杨梅, 朱剑霄. 不同配方种衣剂对高寒草地乡土草种种子生长与建植的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 118-128.
[7]	周建, 王焓. 森林径级结构研究: 从统计描述到理论演绎[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(6): 675-689.
[8]	董劭琼, 侯东杰, 曲孝云, 郭柯. 柴达木盆地植物群落样方数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 534-540.
[9]	李昀奕, 郑矜, 严晓艳, 李霜, 罗林, 童晋, 赵春章. 云杉和华西箭竹叶际与根际细菌群落对增温的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(12): 1692-1707.
[10]	肖兰, 董标, 张琳婷, 邓传远, 李霞, 姜德刚, 林勇明. 渤海无居民海岛主要植被类型群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(1): 127-134.
[11]	刘聪聪, 何念鹏, 李颖, 张佳慧, 闫镤, 王若梦, 王瑞丽. 宏观生态学中的植物功能性状研究: 历史与发展趋势[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(1): 21-40.
[12]	李冰, 朱湾湾, 韩翠, 余海龙, 黄菊莹. 降水量变化下荒漠草原土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(9): 1310-1321.
[13]	赵艳超, 陈立同. 土壤养分对青藏高原高寒草地生物量响应增温的调节作用[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(8): 1071-1081.
[14]	师生波, 周党卫, 李天才, 德科加, 杲秀珍, 马家麟, 孙涛, 王方琳. 青藏高原高山嵩草光合功能对模拟夜间低温的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 361-373.
[15]	何春梅, 李雨姗, 尹秋龙, 贾仕宏, 郝占庆. 秦岭皇冠暖温性落叶阔叶林优势树种的径级结构和数量特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(12): 1658-1667.