Diversity and distribution pattern of epiphyllous liverworts and its ecological determinants

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0359

Abstract

Abstract:

Epiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on leaves of understory vascular plants, occurring in constantly moist and warm evergreen forest in tropical and subtropical regions. Epiphyllous liverworts may influence ecosystem processes including carbon, nitrogen and water cycles. Furthermore, they are very sensitive to climate change and forest fragmentation, and can be used as bioindicators for changes in ecological conditions and escalating loss of biodiversity. In this paper, we reviewed studies on morphological traits, species diversity, geographical distribution and environmental conditions (including characteristics of hosts and habitats) of epiphyllous liverworts, discussed the possible reasons for the mechanisms underlying the diversity pattern of epiphyllous liverworts. According to these studies, we proposed that further ecological studies on epiphyllous liverworts should be more focused on their formation, mechanisms of matter exchange and energy flux, ecological functions in forest ecosystem, the response to climate changes and their broader-scale ecology.

Key words: bryophytes, species diversity, geographical distribution, environment

Yan-Bin JIANG, Xiao-Ming SHAO. Diversity and distribution pattern of epiphyllous liverworts and its ecological determinants[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2016, 40(5): 523-532.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0359

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I5/523

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1 Floristic regions where epiphyllous liverworts occur. ★ represents the north records of British Columbia and Chiltern Hills, England. AND, The Andes; ANT, The Antilles; AUA, Australasia, including Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the neighbouring islands; CAF, Central Africa including Zaire, Rwanda and Burundi, EAF, East Africa from Ethiopia to Mozambique; GUI, The Guyanas; ICH, Indochina from the Chittagong Hills of Bangladesh to Vietnam; IND, India with the Himalayas, Khasia Hills and lowland Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; LSA, Amazonia and other lowland parts of South America such as Choco and the Orinoco basin; MAC, Macaronesia; MAD, Madagascar and the Seychelles, Comoro and Mascarene Islands; MAL, The Malesian Archipelago; MEA, Mesoamerica from Mexico to Panama; MEL, Melanesia, including the whole New Guinea, New Britain, the Bismarck and Solomon Islands, New Hebrides and New Caledonia ; OAS, East Asia including China, South Korea and Southern Japan; OCE, Oceania, the Pacific from Volcano and the Carolines to Hawaiian Islands and from Fiji to Easter Islands. SAF, South Africa; SBR, The southeastern highlands of Brazil, with Paraguay and the Province Misiones in Argentina; TSA, temperate South America; USA, the southeastern part of United States; WAF, West Africa from Guinea to the Congo. 21 floristic regions were drawn according to Pócs (1996).

Fig. 2 Occurrences of epiphyllous liverworts in USA. Presence localities were obtained from Risk et al. (2011).

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