Mesophyll conductance and its limiting factors in plant leaves

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0337

Abstract

Abstract:

Mesophyll conductance (g_m) represents the CO₂ diffusion facility from sub-stomatal internal cavities to carboxylation sites in chloroplasts, and the variation of g_m across genotypes as well as environmental conditions is expected to be related to the anatomical structures and biochemical properties of leaves. In recent years, the variation of g_m has attracted wide attention. The limiting factors in photosynthetic rate are no longer divided simply into stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation, but splitted in stomatal limitation, mesophyll limitation and carboxylation limitation. In this review, we summarize the potential influences of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplast envelope and stroma on g_m, and indicate that cell wall thickness and the surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular air space (S_c) are the most important factors influencing the g_m. We also analyze the probable effects of biochemical process related with aquaporins and carbonic anhydrase on g_m. Meanwhile, the regulation mechanisms of long- and short-term environment changes (including temperature, light intensity, drought, and nutrients) on g_m are also summarized. The relationship between g_m and hydraulic conductance (K_leaf) is debated. Finally, we discuss the scientific problems related with g_m.

Key words: photosynthesis, CO2 diffusion, mesophyll conductance, anatomical structure, biochemical factor, environmental change, hydraulic conductance

Ji-Mei HAN, Wang-Feng ZHANG, Dong-Liang XIONG, Jaume FLEXAS, Ya-Li ZHANG. Mesophyll conductance and its limiting factors in plant leaves[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2017, 41(8): 914-924.

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References 85

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	CO₂扩散方式 CO₂ diffusion way	CO₂运输形态 CO₂transportation form	阻力来源 Resistance source	动力来源 Power source	对外界环境的响应时间 Response time to the external environment
细胞壁 Cell wall	物理和生化方式 Physics and biochemical mode	CO₂	厚度、孔隙度、果胶等组分 Thickness, porosity, pectin etc.	CO₂浓度差 Difference of CO₂ concentration	最长 Longest
细胞膜 Cell membrane	物理和生化方式 Physics and biochemical mode	CO₂	水孔蛋白、膜两侧pH差值 AQPs, the difference of pH on both sides of the membrane	CO₂浓度差、跨膜蛋白主动运输 Difference of CO₂ concentration, active transport of transmembrane protein	较短 Shorter
细胞液 Cytoplasm	生化和物理方 Biochemical and physical mode	CO₂, HCO₃^-	CA、pH、细胞液组分 CA, pH, cytosol component	pH、CA的催化 pH, catalysis of CA	较短 Shorter
叶绿体膜 Chloroplast membranes	生化和物理方 Biochemical and physical mode	CO₂	水孔蛋白、膜两侧CO₂浓度差 AQPs, the difference of CO₂ concentration on both sides of the membrane	跨膜蛋白主动运输 Active transport of transmembrane protein	较短 Shorter
叶绿体基质 Stroma	生化和物理方式 Biochemical and physical mode)	CO₂, HCO₃^-	CA, pH	pH、CA的催化 pH, catalysis of CA	最短 Shortest

	CO₂扩散方式 CO₂ diffusion way	CO₂运输形态 CO₂transportation form	阻力来源 Resistance source	动力来源 Power source	对外界环境的响应时间 Response time to the external environment
细胞壁 Cell wall	物理和生化方式 Physics and biochemical mode	CO₂	厚度、孔隙度、果胶等组分 Thickness, porosity, pectin etc.	CO₂浓度差 Difference of CO₂ concentration	最长 Longest
细胞膜 Cell membrane	物理和生化方式 Physics and biochemical mode	CO₂	水孔蛋白、膜两侧pH差值 AQPs, the difference of pH on both sides of the membrane	CO₂浓度差、跨膜蛋白主动运输 Difference of CO₂ concentration, active transport of transmembrane protein	较短 Shorter
细胞液 Cytoplasm	生化和物理方 Biochemical and physical mode	CO₂, HCO₃^-	CA、pH、细胞液组分 CA, pH, cytosol component	pH、CA的催化 pH, catalysis of CA	较短 Shorter
叶绿体膜 Chloroplast membranes	生化和物理方 Biochemical and physical mode	CO₂	水孔蛋白、膜两侧CO₂浓度差 AQPs, the difference of CO₂ concentration on both sides of the membrane	跨膜蛋白主动运输 Active transport of transmembrane protein	较短 Shorter
叶绿体基质 Stroma	生化和物理方式 Biochemical and physical mode)	CO₂, HCO₃^-	CA, pH	pH、CA的催化 pH, catalysis of CA	最短 Shortest