Characteristics of soil water distribution and evaluation of recharge rate under different grazing history in the Xilin Gol Steppe

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0067

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims In the Xilin Gol Steppe, human-induced grassland degradation and land desertification are becoming increasingly severe. Critical evaluation of its impact on soil water and recharge rate is important for sustainable management of soil health and water resources in the region.
Methods In order to determine the effect of different grazing history on dynamics of deep soil moisture contents and precipitation infiltration in the Xilin Gol Steppe, three sites with different grazing history (ungrazed since 1979 or UG79, ungrazed since 1999 or UG99, and continuously grazed or CG) were selected with two sampling spots for each site. The precipitation infiltration was estimated using the chloride mass balance method.
Important findings The results showed that: 1) Average soil water content of 0-5 m was 7.1%, 6.9%, and 6.3% for UG79, UG99, and CG, respectively, with no significant difference. In the soil layer of 0-2 m, the soil water content of UG79 was 26.6% and 33.7% higher than that of UG99 and CG, respectively. The soil water content of UG79 was significantly higher than that of UG79 and UG99 (p < 0.05) with no significant difference between UG99 and CG. The soil water storage capacity of UG79 was 87.19 mm higher than UG99 and 82.52 mm higher than CG. In the deep layer of 2-5 m, no significant difference in the soil water content and the water storage among different grazing history. 2) The factors influencing soil water differed among different grazing treatments. The soil water content was mainly affected by the vegetation conditions and soil properties for the 0-2 m soil layer, but by the composition of soil particles for the 2-5 m soil layer. The effect of soil organic matter (SOM) content on soil water increased with time without grazing. Soil water content of the entire soil profile of UG79 was significantly correlated with soil texture and SOM content (p < 0.01). Soil water content of 0-2 m was significantly correlated with SOM content (p < 0.01), soil water content of 2-5 m was significantly correlated with the soil texture (p <0.01), but soil moisture content of UG99 and CG had no significant correlation with SOM content. 3) Annual recharge rate was 5.64, 3.54, and 2.45 mm·a ^-1 for UG79, UG99 and CG, respectively. The recharge rate increased by 44.5% and 130.2% for the site without grazing for 15 and 35 years, respectively. The recharge rate in the study area ranged from 1.95 to 7.61 mm·a ^-1, accounting for only 0.55%-2.13% of the precipitation. In summary, ungrazing treatment can increase soil water retention, total water storage capacity, and recharge.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201810006

Key words: soil moisture, recharge rate, steppe, Chloride Mass Balance

LI Jin-Bo, YAO Nan, ZHAO Ying, FAN Ting, ZHANG Jian-Guo, LAN Zhi-Long, YI Jun, SI Bing-Cheng. Characteristics of soil water distribution and evaluation of recharge rate under different grazing history in the Xilin Gol Steppe[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(10): 1033-1042.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0067

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2018/V42/I10/1033

Figures/Tables 7

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特征 Characteristic	1979年以来禁牧 Ungrazed since 1979	1999年以来禁牧 Ungrazed since 1999	持续放牧 Continuously grazed
面积 Area (hm²)	24	35	40
海拔 Altitude (m)	1259	1274	1273
地理坐标 Geographic coordinates	43.55° N, 116.65° E	43.55° N, 116.67° E	43.55° N, 116.66° E
土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg^-1, 0-10 cm)	55.31	49.65	38.70
坡度 Slope (°)	2.7-3.0	2.6-3.0	2.7-2.9
容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
4-8 cm	1.14	1.15	1.30
18-22 cm	1.39	1.26	1.43
30-34 cm	1.44	1.33	1.43
40-44 cm	1.43	1.31	1.46
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	26.33	22.29	0.81
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	41	48	4
优势种 Dominant species	羊草、黄囊薹草、羽茅、大针茅等 Leymus chinensis, Carex korshinskyi, Achnatherum sibiricum, Stipa grandis et al.	黄囊薹草、羊草、大针茅、根茎冰草等 Carex korshinskyi, Leymus chinensis Stipa grandis, Agropyron michnoi et al.	羊草、黄囊薹草、糙隐子草、大针茅等 Leymus chinensis, Carex korshinskyi, Stipa grandis, Cleistogenes squarrosa et al.

特征 Characteristic	1979年以来禁牧 Ungrazed since 1979	1999年以来禁牧 Ungrazed since 1999	持续放牧 Continuously grazed
面积 Area (hm²)	24	35	40
海拔 Altitude (m)	1259	1274	1273
地理坐标 Geographic coordinates	43.55° N, 116.65° E	43.55° N, 116.67° E	43.55° N, 116.66° E
土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg^-1, 0-10 cm)	55.31	49.65	38.70
坡度 Slope (°)	2.7-3.0	2.6-3.0	2.7-2.9
容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
4-8 cm	1.14	1.15	1.30
18-22 cm	1.39	1.26	1.43
30-34 cm	1.44	1.33	1.43
40-44 cm	1.43	1.31	1.46
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	26.33	22.29	0.81
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)	41	48	4
优势种 Dominant species	羊草、黄囊薹草、羽茅、大针茅等 Leymus chinensis, Carex korshinskyi, Achnatherum sibiricum, Stipa grandis et al.	黄囊薹草、羊草、大针茅、根茎冰草等 Carex korshinskyi, Leymus chinensis Stipa grandis, Agropyron michnoi et al.	羊草、黄囊薹草、糙隐子草、大针茅等 Leymus chinensis, Carex korshinskyi, Stipa grandis, Cleistogenes squarrosa et al.

深度 Depth (m)	储水量 Water storage (mm)			平均含水量 Average water content (%)
深度 Depth (m)	UG79	UG99	CG	UG79	UG99	CG
0-1	119.40 ± 11.43^a	110.52 ± 8.49^a	93.74 ± 19.67^a	8.52 ± 0.76^a	8.07 ± 0.58^a	6.40 ± 1.20^a
1-2	139.75 ± 2.32^a	61.44 ± 3.97^b	82.89 ± 1.44^b	8.91 ± 0.18^a	4.59 ± 0.24^b	5.17 ± 0.10^b
2-3	103.39 ± 27.89^b	138.66 ± 23.60^a	87.03 ± 31.86^b	6.40 ± 1.72^b	8.53 ± 1.45^a	5.39 ± 2.26^b
3-4	85.76 ± 26.60^a	86.16 ± 2.60^a	110.19 ± 17.07^a	5.28 ± 1.64^a	5.28 ± 0.16^a	6.77 ± 1.05^a
4-5	44.57 ± 8.12^b	143.75 ± 3.85^a	149.90 ± 59.55^ab	5.47 ± 0.63^a	8.82 ± 0.24^a	9.19 ± 3.65^a

深度 Depth (m)	储水量 Water storage (mm)			平均含水量 Average water content (%)
深度 Depth (m)	UG79	UG99	CG	UG79	UG99	CG
0-1	119.40 ± 11.43^a	110.52 ± 8.49^a	93.74 ± 19.67^a	8.52 ± 0.76^a	8.07 ± 0.58^a	6.40 ± 1.20^a
1-2	139.75 ± 2.32^a	61.44 ± 3.97^b	82.89 ± 1.44^b	8.91 ± 0.18^a	4.59 ± 0.24^b	5.17 ± 0.10^b
2-3	103.39 ± 27.89^b	138.66 ± 23.60^a	87.03 ± 31.86^b	6.40 ± 1.72^b	8.53 ± 1.45^a	5.39 ± 2.26^b
3-4	85.76 ± 26.60^a	86.16 ± 2.60^a	110.19 ± 17.07^a	5.28 ± 1.64^a	5.28 ± 0.16^a	6.77 ± 1.05^a
4-5	44.57 ± 8.12^b	143.75 ± 3.85^a	149.90 ± 59.55^ab	5.47 ± 0.63^a	8.82 ± 0.24^a	9.19 ± 3.65^a

处理 Sampling plots	样本数 Number of samples	土壤有机质 SOM	沙粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	黏粒 Clay
UG79 (0-2 m)	20	0.537^**	-0.597^**	0.633^**	0.441^**
UG99 (0-2 m)	20	0.890^**	-0.295	0.195	0.390*
CG (0-2 m)	20	0.795^**	-0.436^*	0.467^*	0.362
UG79 (2-5 m)	25	0.720^**	-0.565^**	0.380^*	0.578^**
UG99 (2-5 m)	25	0.233	-0.678^**	0.611^**	0.668^**
CG (2-5 m)	25	-0.199	-0.569^**	0.547^**	0.567^**