Forest soil phosphorus stocks and distribution patterns in Qinghai, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0194

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to investigate the soil phosphorus (P) stocks and distribution patterns in forests of Qinghai Province, and to determine the relationships between soil phosphorus stocks and environmental factors.
Methods Phosphorus stocks in forest soils of Qinghai Province were estimated from measurement data of 240 standard sampling plots in combination with the forest type information in the Qinghai Forest Resources Inventory data. The distribution patterns were examined by spatial analysis.
Important findings Forest soil P stocks in Qinghai Province is estimated at 1.74 Tg. The average soil P density to 1 m depth is about 4.65 Mg·hm ^-2, displaying of pattern of zonal distribution. Soil P density significantly decreases first and then increases with altitude, and is largest in Cinnamon forest soils and less in brown forest soils and dark cinnamon forest soils. Soil P content decreases significantly with altitude. The P content was highest in brown forest soils and lowest in dark cinnamon soils. Total P in the soil profile exhibited characteristics of surface accumulation. The structure equation model (SEM) shows that soil type, altitude, temperature, and soil moisture content have direct impacts on soil P content, with temperature and altitude being among the key factors. Soil P content, altitude, soil moisture content, soil depth, and soil bulk density all have significant effects on soil P density, with soil bulk density being the most prominent factor.

Key words: phosphorus stocks, forest soil, spatial distribution pattern, environmental factor, Qinghai

TANG Li-Tao, LIU Dan, LUO Xue-Ping, HU Lei, WANG Chang-Ting. Forest soil phosphorus stocks and distribution patterns in Qinghai, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(12): 1091-1103.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2019/V43/I12/1091

Figures/Tables 11

References 63

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森林类型 Forest type	采样区域 Sample area	优势树 Dominants species	样地数 Number of plots	土壤类型 Soil type	海拔 Altitude (m)
阔叶林 Broadleaf forest	循化、互助、民和、同仁、湟源、湟中、大通、门源、同德、化隆、兴海 Xunhua, Huzhu, Minhe, Tongren, Huangyuan, Huangzhong, Datong, Menyuan, Tongde, Hualong, Xinghai	白桦 Betula platyphylla	35	山地褐色针叶林土、山地灰褐色森林土、山地暗褐土 Cinnamon coniferous forest soil, gray cinnamon forest soil, dark cinnamon forest soil	2 200-3 000
		毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	13
		红桦 Betula albosinensis	5
		青杨 Populus cathayana	3
		山杨 Populus davidiana	9
针叶林 Coniferous forest	乐都、贵德、互助、门源、化隆、湟中、尖扎、同仁、祁连、玛沁、班玛、同德、玉树、囊谦、大通、都兰、循化、江西林场 Ledu, Guide, Huzhu, Menyuan, Hualong, Huangzhong, Jianzha, Tongren, Qilian, Maqin, Baima, Tongde, Yushu, Nangqien, Datong, Dulan, Xunhua, Jiangxi Forest Farm	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia	130	山地褐色针叶林土、山地灰褐色森林土、山地棕色暗针叶林土、山地暗褐土Cinnamon coniferous forest soil, gray cinnamon forest soil, brown forest soil, dark cinnamon forest soil	2 100-3 900
		青扦 Picea wilsonii	9
		圆柏 Juniperus chinensis	33
		落叶松 Larix gmelinii	3

森林类型 Forest type	采样区域 Sample area	优势树 Dominants species	样地数 Number of plots	土壤类型 Soil type	海拔 Altitude (m)
阔叶林 Broadleaf forest	循化、互助、民和、同仁、湟源、湟中、大通、门源、同德、化隆、兴海 Xunhua, Huzhu, Minhe, Tongren, Huangyuan, Huangzhong, Datong, Menyuan, Tongde, Hualong, Xinghai	白桦 Betula platyphylla	35	山地褐色针叶林土、山地灰褐色森林土、山地暗褐土 Cinnamon coniferous forest soil, gray cinnamon forest soil, dark cinnamon forest soil	2 200-3 000
		毛白杨 Populus tomentosa	13
		红桦 Betula albosinensis	5
		青杨 Populus cathayana	3
		山杨 Populus davidiana	9
针叶林 Coniferous forest	乐都、贵德、互助、门源、化隆、湟中、尖扎、同仁、祁连、玛沁、班玛、同德、玉树、囊谦、大通、都兰、循化、江西林场 Ledu, Guide, Huzhu, Menyuan, Hualong, Huangzhong, Jianzha, Tongren, Qilian, Maqin, Baima, Tongde, Yushu, Nangqien, Datong, Dulan, Xunhua, Jiangxi Forest Farm	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia	130	山地褐色针叶林土、山地灰褐色森林土、山地棕色暗针叶林土、山地暗褐土Cinnamon coniferous forest soil, gray cinnamon forest soil, brown forest soil, dark cinnamon forest soil	2 100-3 900
		青扦 Picea wilsonii	9
		圆柏 Juniperus chinensis	33
		落叶松 Larix gmelinii	3

林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	磷储量 Phosphorus stock (Mg)
林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-50 cm	50-100 cm	合计 Total
阔叶林 Broadleaved forest	桦木 Betula	606	19 392	20 604	25 452	59 664	177 558	302 670
阔叶林 Broadleaved forest	杨树 Populus	404	15 352	15 756	19 796	42 420	113 524	206 848
针叶林 Coniferous forest	青扦 Picea wilsonii	56	2 296	2 632	3 472	8 624	15 232	32 256
	落叶松 Larix gmelinii	72	3 168	3 672	3 888	11 232	21 960	43 920
	柏木 Cupressus funebris	1 383	58 086	60 852	70 533	142 449	330 537	662 457
	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia	982	33 388	40 262	50 082	102 128	264 158	490 018
总计 Total		3 503	131 682	143 778	173 223	366 517	922 969	1 738 169

林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	磷储量 Phosphorus stock (Mg)
林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-50 cm	50-100 cm	合计 Total
阔叶林 Broadleaved forest	桦木 Betula	606	19 392	20 604	25 452	59 664	177 558	302 670
阔叶林 Broadleaved forest	杨树 Populus	404	15 352	15 756	19 796	42 420	113 524	206 848
针叶林 Coniferous forest	青扦 Picea wilsonii	56	2 296	2 632	3 472	8 624	15 232	32 256
	落叶松 Larix gmelinii	72	3 168	3 672	3 888	11 232	21 960	43 920
	柏木 Cupressus funebris	1 383	58 086	60 852	70 533	142 449	330 537	662 457
	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia	982	33 388	40 262	50 082	102 128	264 158	490 018
总计 Total		3 503	131 682	143 778	173 223	366 517	922 969	1 738 169

林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	磷密度 Phosphors density (Mg·hm^-2)
林型 Forest type		面积 Area (100 hm²)	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-50 cm	50-100 cm	0-100 cm
阔叶林 Broadleaved forest	桦木 Betula	606	0.32 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.06	2.93 ± 0.24	4.71
	杨树 Populus	404	0.38 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.03	1.05 ± 0.08	2.81 ± 0.20	4.62
	平均值 Mean		0.37	0.35	0.46	1.03	2.86	4.68
针叶林 Coniferous forest	青扦 Picea wilsonii	56	0.41 ± 0.05	0.47 ± 0.11	0.62 ± 0.13	1.54 ± 0.33	2.72 ± 0.31	5.76
	落叶松 Larix gmelinii	72	0.44 ± 0.07	0.51 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.09	1.56 ± 0.01	3.05 ± 0.04	6.09
	柏木 Cupressus funebris	1 383	0.42 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.02	0.50 ± 0.03	1.03 ± 0.05	2.39 ± 0.12	4.50
	青海云杉 Picea crassifolia	982	0.31 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.02	1.04 ± 0.04	2.69 ± 0.10	4.48
	平均值 Mean		0.34	0.42	0.52	1.06	2.59	4.58
平均值 Mean			0.35	0.40	0.50	1.05	2.66	4.65