Effects of nitrogen addition on phosphorus transformation and decomposition fungi in seedling stage of Cunninghamia lanceolata

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The increasing deposition of nitrogen (N) has led to an imbalance of N and phosphorus (P) in forest soils, and has become the focus of ecological studies. Fungi, as one of the main microorganisms in soils, plays an important role in maintaining nutrient balance and promoting plant growth. Enhancing the understanding of the growth status of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings and the changes of soil fungal community structure and functional groups under the treatments of N addition, are helpful to study the process of soil nutrient cycling, and provide references for scientific management and sustainable development of C. lanceolata plantation.

Methods In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild functional prediction to determine changes in soil fungal structural composition and functional groups of C. lanceolatain response to the application of control (0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), low N (40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), and high N (80 kg·N hm^-2·a^-1) treatments.

Important findings The results showed that N addition reduced biomass and leaf P content of C. lanceolata seedlings. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the three dominant phyla in the experimental soils, and accounted for 76.71%-86.72% of the relative abundance among the entire fungal community. The effect of short-term N addition on fungal composition was not significant at the phylum level. However, the relative abundance of Glomeromycota increased significantly with the low N treatment. At the order level, compared with the control, low N treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Mortierellales. High N treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Tremellales, but significantly reduced that of Sordariales. In addition, low N treatment significantly increased soil available P content, and there were significant positive correlations with the relative abundances of Glomeromycota and Mortierellales. These results indicate that N addition may maintain P availability of C. lanceolatagrowth by altering the fungi associated with P transformation. In addition, the relative abundance of saprotroph group was significantly reduced under low N treatment, but the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was significantly increased. In conclusion, soil fungal functional groups can participate in soil nutrient cycling by changing the relative abundance of different functional groups.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, fungi, FUNGuild functional prediction, phosphorus transformation, decomposition, Cunninghamia lanceolata

XIE Huan, ZHANG Qiu-Fang, ZENG Quan-Xin, ZHOU Jia-Cong, MA Ya-Pei, WU Yue, LIU Yuan-Yuan, LIN Hui-Ying, YIN Yun-Feng, CHEN Yue-Min. Effects of nitrogen addition on phosphorus transformation and decomposition fungi in seedling stage of Cunninghamia lanceolata[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 220-231.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0098

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I2/220

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on Cunninghamia lanceolata seedling growth and leaf phosphorus (P) content (mean ± SD, n = 4)

指标 Index	CK	LN	HN	p
SH (mm)	50.67 ± 2.36^a	46.17 ± 1.93^b	33.67 ± 2.87^c	<0.01
GD (mm)	4.61 ± 0.20	4.48 ± 0.30	4.41 ± 0.52	0.75
TB (g)	14.73 ± 0.36^a	13.69 ± 2.77^ab	13.57 ± 0.39^b	0.56
Leaf P (mg·kg^-1)	3.30 ± 0.47^a	2.35 ± 0.36^b	2.16 ± 0.08^b	<0.01
Leaf N:P	6.02 ± 1.06^b	8.33 ± 0.45^a	9.31 ± 1.35^a	<0.01

Table 2 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil physical and chemical properties (mean ± SD, n = 4)

指标 Index	CK	LN	HN	p
pH	4.55 ± 0.06^a	4.51 ± 0.06^ab	4.40 ± 0.09^c	0.03
TC (g·kg^-1)	16.30 ± 0.23	16.20 ± 0.04	16.61 ± 0.24	0.06
TN (g·kg^-1)	1.47 ± 0.03	1.48 ± 0.05	1.50 ± 0.02	0.57
TP (mg·kg^-1)	586.19 ± 8.49^b	611.19 ± 15.49^a	595.88 ± 9.35^ab	0.02
AN (mg·kg^-1)	7.97 ± 0.22^b	8.58 ± 0.49^a	8.83 ± 0.25^a	0.01
AP (mg·kg^-1)	23.92 ± 1.13^b	26.25 ± 1.23^a	24.40 ± 1.24^b	0.02
DOC (mg·kg^-1)	7.67 ± 0.60^a	6.78 ± 0.44^b	3.99 ± 0.71^c	<0.01
DON (mg·kg^-1)	4.61 ± 0.40^b	6.68 ± 0.36^a	7.24 ± 0.71^a	<0.01

Table 3 Effects of nitrogen addition on alpha diversity of soil fungi community (mean ± SD, n = 4)

处理 Treatment	OTU观测数 Observed OTU	多样性指数 Diversity index
处理 Treatment	OTU观测数 Observed OTU	Shannon	Simpson	Ace	Chao 1
CK	832 ± 128	4.21 ± 0.10	0.07 ± 0.02	852.98 ± 152.33	857.72 ± 150.93
LN	643 ± 175	4.09 ± 0.35	0.07 ± 0.02	654.06 ± 179.93	661.40 ± 182.85
HN	672 ± 59	3.66 ± 0.37	0.11 ± 0.04	689.93 ± 65.43	690.11 ± 62.48
p	0.14	0.07	0.07	0.16	0.16

Fig. 1 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of soil fungal communities (n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment.

Table 4 Effects of nitrogen addition on the relative abundance of main fungi at the order in soil (mean ± SD, n = 4)

门 Phylum	目 Order	CK	LN	HN	p
子囊菌门 Ascomycota	散囊菌目 Eurotiales	8.51 ± 3.32	7.13 ± 1.92	11.40 ± 7.60	0.48
	肉座菌目 Hypocreales	6.56 ± 0.77	7.98 ± 2.64	4.90 ± 0.36	0.07
	粪壳目 Sordariales	4.18 ± 0.11^a	3.34 ± 0.09^b	2.40 ± 0.50^c	<0.01
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	银耳目 Tremellales	19.30 ± 3.47^b	22.04 ± 4.20^b	29.33 ± 3.94^a	0.01
担子菌门 Basidiomycota	丝孢酵母目 Trichosporonales	1.46 ± 1.14	0.69 ± 0.06	1.10 ± 0.22	0.32
被孢霉门 Mortierellomycota	被孢霉目 Mortierellales	13.26 ± 1.20^b	18.06 ± 2.49^a	15.40 ± 1.17^b	0.01

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition on the relative abundance of fungi at the phylum level in soil (n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment.

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi trophic mode (mean ± SD, n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi functional groups (mean ± SD, n = 4). CK, control treatment; HN, high nitrogen treatment; LN, low nitrogen treatment. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Correlation between different soil fungi species and environmental factors. AN, available nitrogen content; AP, available phosphorus content; DOC, dissolved organic carbon content; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; TC, total carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. Glo, Glomeromycota; Mor, Mortierellales; Sor, Sordariales; Tre, Tremellales. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

Fig. 6 Relationships between soil available phosphorus content and relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal.

Fig. 7 Conceptual diagram of the effects of nitrogen addition on soil fungi structure and Cunninghamia lanceolata growth. +, significant increase; -, significant decrease; ns, no significant change.

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