A climate diagram atlas of Qingzang Plateau

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

Abstract

Abstract:

Climate diagram can be used to reflect visually observation data of temperature and precipitation as well as information of weather stations. It is an effective tool for studying the relationship between vegetation and climate. This paper aims to provide the atlas of climate diagrams of the Qingzang Plateau, based on the 30-year averaged observational records of national surface weather stations during 1951-1980 and 1981-2010, respectively, in order to understand the plateau climate feature of every vegetation region and to further explore the vegetation- climate relationships on the plateau. The atlas of climate diagrams of 205 weather stations on the Qingzang Plateau for both the two 30-year periods were produced according to the standard of climate diagrams in Vegetation of China. Results showed that the temperature and precipitation of the Qingzang Plateau were overall low in the whole year but relatively higher in summer, and differed obviously among different vegetation regions. The mean annual temperature and annual precipitation showed an increasing trend from the first 30-year period of 1951-1980 to the later one of 1981-2010. Although the number of weather stations in the western plateau is very sparse, this climate diagram dataset covers every vegetation regions of the plateau surface. This atlas can be used effectively to study the relationships between vegetation and climate, and conveniently to display the climate environment of the plateau.

Key words: climate diagram, atlas, Qingzang Plateau, vegetation region, climate change

HU Xiao-Fei, WEI Lin-Feng, CHENG Qi, WU Xing-Qi, NI Jian. A climate diagram atlas of Qingzang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(4): 484-492.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0360

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I4/484

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of weather stations on the Qingzang Plateau. A, 1951-1980. B, 1981-2010. C, Vegetation regionalization map. D, Temporal change of the number of stations. III, warm-temperate deciduous broadleaf forest region; IIIii, southern warm-temperate deciduous Quercus forest zone; IV, subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest region; IVAi, northern subtropical broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest zone; IVAii, middle subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest zone; IVBi, middle subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest zone; IVBiii, subtropical mountains cold-temperate needleleaf forest zone; V, tropical monsoon rain forest and rain forest region; VBi, northern tropical seasonal rain forest, semi-evergreen monsoon rain forest zone; VI, temperate steppe region; VIAii, southern temperate steppe zone; VII, temperate desert region; VIIBi, temperate semi-shrubby and shrubby desert zone; VIIBii, warm-temperate shrubby and semi-shrubby desert zone; VIII, Qingzang Plateau alpine vegetation region; VIIIAi, subalpine scrub and alpine meadow zone; VIIIAii, alpine meadow zone; VIIIBi, alpine steppe zone; VIIIBii, temperate steppe zone; VIIICi, alpine desert zone; VIIICii, temperate desert zone. Vegetation regionalization map was drew based on Vegetation Atlas of China (1:1 000 000) (The Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001).

Table 1 Changes of temperature and precipitation on the Qingzang Plateau

气候指标 Climate variable	年 Years	平均数±标准差 Mean ± SD	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	1951-1980	3.0 ± 4.2	14.7	-5.6
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	1981-2010	5.3 ± 4.7	17.0	-5.0
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1951-1980	469.9 ± 235.2	1 667.6	17.6
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1981-2010	528.5 ± 250.9	1 778.5	15.5

Fig. 2 Differences of climatic variables in stations with the same location during 1951-1980 and 1981-2010.

Table 2 Characteristics of climate in different vegetation regions on the Qingzang Plateau

气候指标 Climate variable	年份 Years	植被区域 Vegetation region
气候指标 Climate variable	年份 Years	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII
T (℃)	1951-1980	3.2	7.0	3.7	4.2	1.6	0.4
T (℃)	1981-2010	4.1	8.9	8.0	6.2	3.3	1.3
T₁ (℃)	1951-1980	-9.0	-2.3	-4.7	-9.7	-12.7	-11.1
T₁ (℃)	1981-2010	-7.7	-0.3	0.8	-7.0	-10.5	-10.0
T₇ (℃)	1951-1980	13.7	15.0	11.2	15.6	14.2	10.6
T₇ (℃)	1981-2010	14.3	16.8	14.9	17.4	15.8	11.4
T_max (℃)	1951-1980	32.0	36.7	31.9	35.1	35.5	32.0
T_max (℃)	1981-2010	35.0	39.0	32.6	40.3	36.4	33.7
T_min (℃)	1951-1980	-28.5	-33.7	-33.2	-34.1	-39.6	-48.1
T_min (℃)	1981-2010	-27.9	-30.6	-19.1	-31.9	-32.0	-45.2
P (mm)	1951-1980	487.1	701.3	550.3	407.8	202.0	435.2
P (mm)	1981-2010	503.5	677.9	723.3	388.0	169.5	452.6
N_tmin< 0	1951-1980	5.3	5.2	6.0	6.3	7.4	8.0
N_tmin< 0	1981-2010	6.2	4.2	4.0	5.5	6.9	7.7

References 14

[1]	Afshar FA, Ayoubi S, Jafari A (2018). The extrapolation of soil great groups using multinomial logistic regression at regional scale in arid regions of Iran. Geoderma, 315, 36-48. DOI URL
[2]	Breckle SW (2002). Walter’s Vegetation of the Earth. 4th ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 22-23.
[3]	Chen LX, Zhou XJ, Li WL, Luo YF, Zhu WQ (2004). Characteristics of the climate change and its formation mechanism in China in last 80 years. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62, 634-646.
	[ 陈隆勋, 周秀骥, 李维亮, 罗云峰, 朱文琴 (2004). 中国近80年来气候变化特征及其形成机制. 气象学报, 62, 634-646.]
[4]	Gaussen H (1954). Geography of Plants. Armand Colin, Paris. 224.
[5]	Li BY (2020). Data Set of Climatic Elements in Hoh Xil Area, Qinghai Province (1990). National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. [2020-09-04]. http://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/b9c3c223-f5ab-4b53-be44-71fc9f4692e0/. DOI: 10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271026. DOI URL
	李炳元 (2020). 青海可可西里地区气候要素数据集 (1990). 国家青藏高原科学数据中心. [2020-09-04]. http://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/b9c3c223-f5ab-4b53-be44-71fc9f4692e0/. DOI: 10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.271026.] DOI URL
[6]	The Central Meteorological Administration Information Office (1984). The Dataset for Climate of China’s Mainland. Meteorological Press, Beijing.
	[中央气象局资料室 (1984). 中国地面气候资料集. 气象出版社, 北京.]
[7]	The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Hoh Xil Region (1996). Physical Environment of Hoh Xil Region, Qinghai. Science Press, Beijing.
	[可可西里综合科学考察队 (1996). 青海可可西里地区自然环境. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[8]	The Editorial Committee of Dictionary of Atmospheric Sciences (1994). Dictionary of Atmospheric Sciences. Meteorological Press, Beijing. 104, 457, 464.
	[大气科学辞典编委会 (1994). 大气科学辞典. 气象出版社, 北京. 104, 457, 464.]
[9]	The Editorial Committee of List of Nationwide Weather Stations (1998). List of Nationwide Weather Stations. Meteorological Press, Beijing.
	[全国气象局台站名录编委会 (1998). 全国气象局台站名录. 气象出版社, 北京.]
[10]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2001). Vegetation Atlas of China (1:1 000 000). Science Press, Beijing.
	[中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会 (2001). 中国植被图集(1:1 000 000). 科学出版社, 北京.]
[11]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation of China (1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing. 34-49.
	[中国植被编辑委员会 (1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京. 34-49.]
[12]	Walter H (1985). Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York. 25.
[13]	Walter H, Lieth H (1960). World Atlas of Climate Diagrams. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
[14]	Zepner L, Karrasch P, Wiemann F, Bernard L (2021). ClimateCharts.net—An interactive climate analysis web platform. International Journal of Digital Earth, 14, 338-356. DOI URL

[1]	玉英朱 Zhang Huamin Ding Mingjun Yu Ziping. Response of vegetation greenness to drought-wet variation on the Qingzang Platea [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(1): 0-0.
[2]	Yong HUANG Yang LI Jian SUN. Geographical distribution characteristics and influencing factors of plant survival strategies in alpine grassland [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(1): 0-0.
[3]	DANG Hong-Zhong, ZHANG Xue-Li, HAN Hui, SHI Chang-Chun, GE Yu-Xiang, MA Quan-Lin, CHEN Shuai, LIU Chun-Ying. Research advances on forest-water relationships in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations for sand dune immobilization and guidance to forest management practices [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(9): 971-983.
[4]	WEI Yao, MA Zhi-Yuan, ZHOU Jia-Ying, ZHANG Zhen-Hua. Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(9): 995-1004.
[5]	LI Xiao, PIALUANG Bounthong, KANG Wen-Hui, JI Xiao-Dong, ZHANG Hai-Jiang, XUE Zhi-Guo, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang. Responses of radial growth to climate change over the past decades in secondary Betula platyphylla forests in the mountains of northwest Hebei, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(8): 919-931.
[6]	SU Qi-Tao, DU Zhi-Xuan, ZHOU Bing, LIAO Yong-Hui, WANG Cheng-Cheng, XIAO Yi-An. Potential distribution of Impatiens davidii and its pollinator in China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(7): 785-796.
[7]	JIN Yi-Li, WANG Hao-Yan, WEI Lin-Feng, HOU Ying, HU Jing, WU Kai, XIA Hao-Jun, XIA Jie, ZHOU Bo-Rui, LI Kai, NI Jian. A plot-based dataset of plant community on the Qingzang Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(7): 846-854.
[8]	LU Jing, MA Zong-Qi, GAO Peng-Fei, FAN Bao-Li, SUN Kun. Changes in the Hippophae tibetana population structure and dynamics, a pioneer species of succession, to altitudinal gradients in the Qilian Mountains, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(5): 569-579.
[9]	WU Zan, PENG Yun-Feng, YANG Gui-Biao, LI Qin-Lu, LIU Yang, MA Li-Hua, YANG Yuan-He, JIANG Xian-Jun. Effects of land degradation on soil and microbial stoichiometry in Qingzang Plateau alpine grasslands [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(4): 461-472.
[10]	YUAN Yuan, MU Yan-Mei, DENG Yu-Jie, LI Xin-Hao, JIANG Xiao-Yan, GAO Sheng-Jie, ZHA Tian- Shan, JIA Xin. Effects of land cover and phenology changes on the gross primary productivity in an Artemisia ordosica shrubland [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 162-175.
[11]	CONG Nan, ZHANG Yang-Jian, ZHU Jun-Tao. Temperature sensitivity of vegetation phenology in spring in mid- to high-latitude regions of Northern Hemisphere during the recent three decades [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 125-135.
[12]	Zhou-Tao ZHENG Yang-Jian ZHANG. Variation in ecosystem water use efficiency and its attribution analysis during 1982–2018 in Qingzang Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(12): 1486-1496.
[13]	Ning LIU, Shou-Zhang PENG, Yun-Ming CHEN. Temporal effects of climate factors on vegetation growth on the Qingzang Plateau, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(1): 18-26.
[14]	NIE Xiu-Qing, WANG Dong, ZHOU Guo-Ying, XIONG Feng, DU Yan-Gong. Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and their stoichiometric characteristics in alpine wetlands in the Three Rivers Sources Region [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(9): 996-1005.
[15]	GAO De-Cai, BAI E. Influencing factors of soil nitrous oxide emission during freeze-thaw cycles [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(9): 1006-1023.