Variations of soil microbial community diversity along an elevational gradient in mid-subtropical forest

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00041

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Soil microbes play a key role in material recycling and energy conversion in forest ecosystems. We studied the functional diversity of microbial communities and soil physical-chemical properties in order to illustrate variations of soil microbial community diversity along an elevational gradient in the Wuyi Mountains of China and influencing factors.
Methods Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), dwarf forest (DF) and alpine meadow (AM) were chosen as experimental sites along an elevation gradient in the National Natural Reserve of the Wuyi Mountains. We used Biolog EcoPlate analysis to study the functional diversity of microbial communities.
Important findings There were significant differences in functional diversity of microbial communities in different soil elevations. The average well color development (AWCD), which directly reflected microbial activity and functional diversity, increased over time, while AWCD at the same soil depth gradually decreased along with increasing altitude and in the order of EBF > CF > DF > AM. The AWCD of different soil depths for the same vegetation type was in the order of 0-10 cm > 10-25 cm > 25-40 cm. The Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, richness index and McIntosh index of EBF were all higher than AM. There was variation among substrates used by soil microbial communities in different soil elevations. The substrate used in EBF was significantly higher than the substrate used in AM. The carbon sources mostly used by soil microbes were carbohydrates and carboxylic acids, followed by amino acids, phenolic acids and polymers; the lowest was amines. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two factors in relation to carbon sources; they explained 75.27% and 16.14% of the variation. The carbon sources used by soil microbial communities were different among different vegetation types. Amino acids and amides were the two main carbon sources separating the two principal component factors. Soil microbial community diversity decreased along the elevation gradient and with soil thickness, and vegetative biomass, forest litter, soil nutrient, microzoon and plant roots might be the major factors controlling this diversity.

Key words: Biolog EcoPlate, community diversity, elevation gradient, soil microorganism, Wuyi Mountains

WU Ze-Yan,LIN Wen-Xiong,CHEN Zhi-Fang,FANG Chang-Xun,ZHANG Zhi-Xing,WU Lin-Kun,ZHOU Ming-Ming,CHEN Ting. Variations of soil microbial community diversity along an elevational gradient in mid-subtropical forest[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(5): 397-406.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00041

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I5/397

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

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植被类型 Vegetation type	土壤深度 Soil depth	pH	含水率 Water content (%)	总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	全钾 TK (g·kg^-1)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad- leaved forest (EBF)	0-10 cm	4.32 ± 0.03^h	39.3 ± 0.35^a	148.23 ± 1.50^a	0.76 ± 0.04^a	0.28 ± 0.01^a	20.68 ± 1.02^a
	10-25 cm	4.47 ± 0.05^fg	37.2 ± 0.25^b	132.19 ± 3.13^b	0.69 ± 0.02^ab	0.21 ± 0.03^b	17.34 ± 0.98^b
	25-40 cm	4.78 ± 0.06^b	35.7 ± 0.31^d	109.76 ± 2.85^e	0.60 ± 0.05^c	0.17 ± 0.04^cd	15.29 ± 1.23^c
针叶林 Coniferous forest (CF)	0-10 cm	4.42 ± 0.02^g	36.8 ± 0.40^c	130.43 ± 2.50^c	0.67 ± 0.03^b	0.20 ± 0.03^bc	17.43 ± 1.42^b
	10-25 cm	4.39 ± 0.05^h	34.1 ± 0.38^e	119.67 ± 3.41^d	0.44 ± 0.05^def	0.17 ± 0.03^cd	14.87 ± 1.04^c
	25-40 cm	4.67 ± 0.03^cd	32.9 ± 0.46^f	101.94 ± 4.69^f	0.41 ± 0.05^de	0.15 ± 0.01^de	11.26 ± 0.94^e
亚高山矮林 Dwarf forest (DF)	0-10 cm	4.50 ± 0.03^e	37.0 ± 0.06^b	120.18 ± 5.52^d	0.49 ± 0.04^d	0.19 ± 0.02^bc	13.25 ± 0.56^d
	10-25 cm	4.63 ± 0.03^d	34.8 ± 0.01^e	107.23 ± 1.91^f	0.37 ± 0.02^fgh	0.14 ± 0.01^def	10.11 ± 0.54^ef
	25-40 cm	4.88 ± 0.05^a	31.8 ± 0.10^g	89.23 ± 1.97^g	0.31 ± 0.04^gh	0.11 ± 0.01^fgh	10.56 ± 0.85^ef
高山草甸 Alpine meadow (AM)	0-10 cm	4.46 ± 0.04^ef	29.4 ± 0.15^h	90.54 ± 0.91^g	0.39 ± 0.03^efg	0.13 ± 0.01^efg	12.90 ± 1.21^d
	10-25 cm	4.51 ± 0.01^e	24.7 ± 0.10ⁱ	81.21 ± 2.19^h	0.28 ± 0.04^h	0.09 ± 0.01^h	10.17 ± 0.45^ef
	25-40 cm	4.74 ± 0.02^bc	22.5 ± 0.36^j	56.78 ± 1.78ⁱ	0.21 ± 0.06ⁱ	0.10 ± 0.01^gh	9.22 ± 0.39^f

植被类型 Vegetation type	土壤深度 Soil depth	pH	含水率 Water content (%)	总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	全钾 TK (g·kg^-1)
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad- leaved forest (EBF)	0-10 cm	4.32 ± 0.03^h	39.3 ± 0.35^a	148.23 ± 1.50^a	0.76 ± 0.04^a	0.28 ± 0.01^a	20.68 ± 1.02^a
	10-25 cm	4.47 ± 0.05^fg	37.2 ± 0.25^b	132.19 ± 3.13^b	0.69 ± 0.02^ab	0.21 ± 0.03^b	17.34 ± 0.98^b
	25-40 cm	4.78 ± 0.06^b	35.7 ± 0.31^d	109.76 ± 2.85^e	0.60 ± 0.05^c	0.17 ± 0.04^cd	15.29 ± 1.23^c
针叶林 Coniferous forest (CF)	0-10 cm	4.42 ± 0.02^g	36.8 ± 0.40^c	130.43 ± 2.50^c	0.67 ± 0.03^b	0.20 ± 0.03^bc	17.43 ± 1.42^b
	10-25 cm	4.39 ± 0.05^h	34.1 ± 0.38^e	119.67 ± 3.41^d	0.44 ± 0.05^def	0.17 ± 0.03^cd	14.87 ± 1.04^c
	25-40 cm	4.67 ± 0.03^cd	32.9 ± 0.46^f	101.94 ± 4.69^f	0.41 ± 0.05^de	0.15 ± 0.01^de	11.26 ± 0.94^e
亚高山矮林 Dwarf forest (DF)	0-10 cm	4.50 ± 0.03^e	37.0 ± 0.06^b	120.18 ± 5.52^d	0.49 ± 0.04^d	0.19 ± 0.02^bc	13.25 ± 0.56^d
	10-25 cm	4.63 ± 0.03^d	34.8 ± 0.01^e	107.23 ± 1.91^f	0.37 ± 0.02^fgh	0.14 ± 0.01^def	10.11 ± 0.54^ef
	25-40 cm	4.88 ± 0.05^a	31.8 ± 0.10^g	89.23 ± 1.97^g	0.31 ± 0.04^gh	0.11 ± 0.01^fgh	10.56 ± 0.85^ef
高山草甸 Alpine meadow (AM)	0-10 cm	4.46 ± 0.04^ef	29.4 ± 0.15^h	90.54 ± 0.91^g	0.39 ± 0.03^efg	0.13 ± 0.01^efg	12.90 ± 1.21^d
	10-25 cm	4.51 ± 0.01^e	24.7 ± 0.10ⁱ	81.21 ± 2.19^h	0.28 ± 0.04^h	0.09 ± 0.01^h	10.17 ± 0.45^ef
	25-40 cm	4.74 ± 0.02^bc	22.5 ± 0.36^j	56.78 ± 1.78ⁱ	0.21 ± 0.06ⁱ	0.10 ± 0.01^gh	9.22 ± 0.39^f

植被类型 Vegetation type	土壤深度 Soil depth	氨基酸类 Amino acid	碳水化合物类Carbohydrate	羧酸类Carboxylic acid	聚合物类Polymer	胺类 Amine	酚酸类 Phenolic acid
常绿阔叶林Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF)	0-10 cm	0.67 ± 0.04a	1.23 ± 0.07^a	1.28 ± 0.04^a	0.57 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.03^a	0.74 ± 0.12^a
	10-25 cm	0.60 ± 0.02^ab	1.19 ± 0.08^ab	1.02 ± 0.02^bc	0.50 ± 0.04^b	0.17 ± 0.03^abc	0.64 ± 0.08^abcd
	25-40 cm	0.49 ± 0.07^de	0.98 ± 0.11^cd	0.83 ± 0.07^ef	0.38 ± 0.03^d	0.13 ± 0.04^cde	0.58 ± 0.01^bcd
针叶林 Coniferous forest (CF)	0-10 cm	0.59 ± 0.04^bc	1.07 ± 0.05^bc	1.08 ± 0.05^b	0.46 ± 0.03^bc	0.20 ± 0.02^ab	0.68 ± 0.08^ab
	10-25 cm	0.48 ± 0.01^fg	0.86 ± 0.09^def	0.92 ± 0.07^de	0.37 ± 0.04^d	0.16 ± 0.04^bcd	0.62 ± 0.01^bcd
	25-40 cm	0.38 ± 0.02^de	0.79 ± 0.04^efg	0.84 ± 0.11^ef	0.28 ± 0.02^e	0.12 ± 0.03^def	0.54 ± 0.02^df
亚高山矮林 Dwarf forest (DF)	0-10 cm	0.52 ± 0.08^cd	0.94 ± 0.07^cde	1.04 ± 0.02^bc	0.45 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.02^cd	0.66 ± 0.03^abc
	10-25 cm	0.44 ± 0.06^ef	0.81 ± 0.11^efg	0.90 ± 0.04^de	0.31 ± 0.04^e	0.10 ± 0.01^ef	0.59 ± 0.09^bcd
	25-40 cm	0.32 ± 0.02^gh	0.69 ± 0.09^gh	0.73 ± 0.09^gh	0.29 ± 0.03^e	0.08 ± 0.01^fg	0.47 ± 0.05^ef
高山草甸 Alpine meadow (AM)	0-10 cm	0.43 ± 0.04^ef	0.84 ± 0.13^defg	0.98 ± 0.02^cd	0.37 ± 0.01^d	0.13 ± 0.01^cde	0.56 ± 0.06^cde
	10-25 cm	0.33 ± 0.01^g	0.73 ± 0.12^fgh	0.79 ± 0.03^fg	0.31 ± 0.01^e	0.08 ± 0.01^fg	0.44 ± 0.04^fg
	25-40 cm	0.25 ± 0.05^h	0.58 ± 0.11^h	0.64 ± 0.05^h	0.23 ± 0.01^f	0.05 ± 0.01^g	0.34 ± 0.06^g

植被类型 Vegetation type	土壤深度 Soil depth	氨基酸类 Amino acid	碳水化合物类Carbohydrate	羧酸类Carboxylic acid	聚合物类Polymer	胺类 Amine	酚酸类 Phenolic acid
常绿阔叶林Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF)	0-10 cm	0.67 ± 0.04a	1.23 ± 0.07^a	1.28 ± 0.04^a	0.57 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.03^a	0.74 ± 0.12^a
	10-25 cm	0.60 ± 0.02^ab	1.19 ± 0.08^ab	1.02 ± 0.02^bc	0.50 ± 0.04^b	0.17 ± 0.03^abc	0.64 ± 0.08^abcd
	25-40 cm	0.49 ± 0.07^de	0.98 ± 0.11^cd	0.83 ± 0.07^ef	0.38 ± 0.03^d	0.13 ± 0.04^cde	0.58 ± 0.01^bcd
针叶林 Coniferous forest (CF)	0-10 cm	0.59 ± 0.04^bc	1.07 ± 0.05^bc	1.08 ± 0.05^b	0.46 ± 0.03^bc	0.20 ± 0.02^ab	0.68 ± 0.08^ab
	10-25 cm	0.48 ± 0.01^fg	0.86 ± 0.09^def	0.92 ± 0.07^de	0.37 ± 0.04^d	0.16 ± 0.04^bcd	0.62 ± 0.01^bcd
	25-40 cm	0.38 ± 0.02^de	0.79 ± 0.04^efg	0.84 ± 0.11^ef	0.28 ± 0.02^e	0.12 ± 0.03^def	0.54 ± 0.02^df
亚高山矮林 Dwarf forest (DF)	0-10 cm	0.52 ± 0.08^cd	0.94 ± 0.07^cde	1.04 ± 0.02^bc	0.45 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.02^cd	0.66 ± 0.03^abc
	10-25 cm	0.44 ± 0.06^ef	0.81 ± 0.11^efg	0.90 ± 0.04^de	0.31 ± 0.04^e	0.10 ± 0.01^ef	0.59 ± 0.09^bcd
	25-40 cm	0.32 ± 0.02^gh	0.69 ± 0.09^gh	0.73 ± 0.09^gh	0.29 ± 0.03^e	0.08 ± 0.01^fg	0.47 ± 0.05^ef
高山草甸 Alpine meadow (AM)	0-10 cm	0.43 ± 0.04^ef	0.84 ± 0.13^defg	0.98 ± 0.02^cd	0.37 ± 0.01^d	0.13 ± 0.01^cde	0.56 ± 0.06^cde
	10-25 cm	0.33 ± 0.01^g	0.73 ± 0.12^fgh	0.79 ± 0.03^fg	0.31 ± 0.01^e	0.08 ± 0.01^fg	0.44 ± 0.04^fg
	25-40 cm	0.25 ± 0.05^h	0.58 ± 0.11^h	0.64 ± 0.05^h	0.23 ± 0.01^f	0.05 ± 0.01^g	0.34 ± 0.06^g

植被类型 Vegetation type	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	丰富度指数 Richness index	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index
EBF	0.969 ± 0.002^a	3.558 ± 0.011^a	18.67 ± 1.07^a	0.921 ± 0.013^a
CF	0.948 ± 0.002^b	3.396 ± 0.023^b	16.13 ± 0.96^b	0.868 ± 0.003^b
DF	0.942 ± 0.004^c	3.377 ± 0.032^b	15.58 ± 0.73^b	0.874 ± 0.004^b
AM	0.915 ± 0.003^d	3.096 ± 0.022^c	13.49 ± 1.12^c	0.859 ± 0.002^c