RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELD-GROWN WINTER WHEAT TO OZONE EXPOSURE

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.025

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Ozone is a prominent gas pollutant that adversely affects vegetation, including visible leaf injury, growth and yield reduction. Our objective was to assess photosynthesis, growth and yield responses of field-grown wheat to increased ozone.
Methods We planted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Jia 403) in 12 plots of 2 m×2 m on 7 November 2005. After the wheat greened, we established 12 open-top octagonal (2.2 m high, 2 m diameter) chambers on 1 March 2006. Except rainy days, wheat was exposed to charcoal-filtered air, unfiltered air, and two treatments with ozone addition (DO100, DO150) from 13 March to 28 April 2006, for 8 h per day, for a total of 30 days. We measured diurnal gas exchange and P_n-PAR response curves of flag leaves at the early grain filling stage (after 25 days exposure to ozone) and components of yield at harvest.
Important findings High concentration of ozone altered gas exchange parameters, including stomatal conductance (G_s), leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i). Apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) were significantly decreased, suggesting photosynthetic capacity could also be changed, characterized as reduced photon-saturated photosynthetic rate (P_max). The decrease of photosynthetic activity was probably dominated by non-stomatal factors in combination with stomatal closure. In addition, ozone exposure caused leaf aging and decreases in plant height, ear length and number of grains per ear. Although similar responses were observed in plants exposed to ambient ozone concentration, we found no statistically significant differences at current concentration. We concluded that dynamic ozone exposure detrimentally affects photosynthesis, growth and yield of winter wheat.

Key words: ozone, winter wheat, gas exchange parameter, photosynthesis, yield

YAO Fang-Fang, WANG Xiao-Ke, CHEN Zhan, FENG Zhao-Zhong, ZHENG Qi-Wei, DUAN Xiao-Nan, OUYANG Zhi-Yun, FENG Zong-Wei. RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELD-GROWN WINTER WHEAT TO OZONE EXPOSURE[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(1): 212-219.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I1/212

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 The sketch of dynamic exposure equipment

Fig.2 The treatments method of two ozone dynamic exposure groups Ozone dynamic exposure group with mean concentration of 100 nl·L-1 Ozone dynamic exposure group with mean concentration of 150 nl·L-1

Fig.3 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the diurnal trends of photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

Fig.4 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the Pn-PAR response curve of wheat leaves

Table 1 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on comparison of photosynthetic characteristics (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatments	最大光合速率P_n_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光量子产额AQY (mol·mol^-1)	光饱和点LSP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
CF	23.1±2.51^a	0.063±0.001^a	1252±38^a	89.44±4.85^a
NF	19.1±2.39^ab	0.058±0.005^a	1095±47^b	38.90±8.94^cd
DO100	13.8±1.34^bc	0.045±0.003^b	906±42^c	33.51±7.96^d
DO150	9.0±0.66^c	0.032±0.002^c	902±31^c	59.96±7.45^bc

Fig.5 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the diurnal trends of stomatal conductance (Gs) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

Fig.6 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomal limit value (Ls) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

Fig.7 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the transpiration rate (Tr) and water usage efficiency (WUE) of wheat leaves on the early grain filling stage

Table 2 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the plant height during wheat growth and development (cm) (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatment	拔节前期 Early jointing stage	拔节后期 Later jointing stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	扬花期 Anthesis stage
CF	34.1±0.46^a	51.6±0.36^a	65.5±0.34^a	80.9±0.35^a
NF	33.7±0.64^a	51.5±0.54^a	64.8±0.66^a	80.1±0.74^a
DO100	33.7±0.62^a	48.2±0.42^b	60.0±0.74^b	78.2±0.82^b
DO150	33.6±0.42^a	48.6±0.56^b	60.4±0.87^b	76.7±0.44^b

Table 3 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the leaf areaduring wheat growth and development (cm2·stem-1) (Mean±SE)

处理 Treatment	扬花期 Anthesis stage	灌浆期 Grain filling stage
CF	94.0±7.7^a	48.7±4.9^a
NF	88.4±4.4^a	38.2±4.1^b
DO100	64.7±6.4^b	11.9±2.3^c
DO150	50.9±5.4^b	5.04±2.7^c

Table 4 Effects of different ozone dynamic exposure treatments on the yield structure (Mean±SE)

产量构成 Yield structure	穗长 Ear length (cm)	小穗数/穗 Spiklets/ear	粒数/穗 Grain/ear	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	单茎产量 Yield per stem (g)
CF	11.08±0.36^a	17.9±0.74^a	46.9±3.93^a	94.7±4.44^a	37.4±1.37^a	1.52±0.07^a
NF	11.02±0.53^a	17.7±0.95^a	46.2±4.25^a	94.6±2.92^a	32.0±0.78^ab	1.35±0.17^ab
DO100	9.95±0.47^b	16.4±1.06^a	33.5±3.29^b	86.3±6.47^ab	29.7±1.20^b	1.10±0.15^b
DO150	9.40±0.58^b	17.1±1.58^a	24.1±3.75^c	74.7±9.35^b	24.1±0.75^c	0.91±0.05^b

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