Vegetation differentiation and soil effect at different slope locations—a case study ofStipa breviflora grassland in Inner Mongolia, China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01167

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Spatial pattern of vegetation is determined by a variety of environmental factors on different scales. The influence of landform on vegetation pattern is receiving growing attention. This study examined the influence of slope location on vegetation pattern in Inner Mongolia grassland to provide a scientific basis for vegetation classification, vegetation mapping, rational utilization and ecosystem restoration and reconstruction.Methods In each of three typical sites in Stipa breviflora grassland, we established three parallel line transects of unequal length and placed 0.5 m × 0.5 m herb plots at 2-m intervals along each line. Vegetation and soil were surveyed for each plot. Cluster analysis, binomial test, significant difference test, canonical correspondence analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the influence of slope location on vegetation pattern and soil effects.
Important findings Vegetation types were clearly differentiated between upper and lower slopes, with a climatic climax community on the upper slope and a terrain community on the lower slope. Slope locations affected the species distribution pattern along the slope, mainly in species composition and some dominant species. The productivity of the lower slope is higher than that of the higher slope, and two different functional areas had formed. The character of the surface soil (especially 0-5 cm) was largest difference between upper and lower slope. Various geomorphic processes resulted in great habitat heterogeneity in a very small region. It provides an important mechanism for formation and maintenance of biological diversity at the local scale. Mechanical composition difference of surface soil (especially 0-5 cm) affected vegetation pattern, and soil moisture affected the productivity difference along the slope.

Key words: community complex, productivity, slope locations, soil character, vegetation pattern

ZHANG Qing, NIU Jian-Ming, Alexander BUYANTUYEV, HAN Fang, DONG Jian-Jun, ZHANG Yan-Nan, KANG Sarula, YANG Yan. Vegetation differentiation and soil effect at different slope locations—a case study ofStipa breviflora grassland in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(11): 1167-1181.

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Figures/Tables 11

References 81

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样地 Site	赛汉 Saihan (SH)	化德 Huade (HD)	准格尔 Jungar (JGR)
纬度 Latitude (E)	42.70°	41.94°	39.76°
经度 Longitude (N)	112.73°	113.91°	111.13°
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 096	1 507	1 129
植被类型 Vegetation type	荒漠草原 Desert steppe	中温性典型草原 Temperate typical steppe	暖温性典型草原 Warm typical steppe
土壤类型 Soil type	棕钙土 Brown calcic soil	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	黄绵土 Loessal soil
年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	3.67	1.42	6.88
年平均降水量 Annual mean precipitation (mm)	245.09	339.80	363.42
地形 Topography	缓丘 Gradual hill	缓丘 Gradual hill	沟坡 Gully slope
围封年限 Fencing duration (Year)	2	3	9

样地 Site	赛汉 Saihan (SH)	化德 Huade (HD)	准格尔 Jungar (JGR)
纬度 Latitude (E)	42.70°	41.94°	39.76°
经度 Longitude (N)	112.73°	113.91°	111.13°
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 096	1 507	1 129
植被类型 Vegetation type	荒漠草原 Desert steppe	中温性典型草原 Temperate typical steppe	暖温性典型草原 Warm typical steppe
土壤类型 Soil type	棕钙土 Brown calcic soil	淡栗钙土 Light chestnut soil	黄绵土 Loessal soil
年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	3.67	1.42	6.88
年平均降水量 Annual mean precipitation (mm)	245.09	339.80	363.42
地形 Topography	缓丘 Gradual hill	缓丘 Gradual hill	沟坡 Gully slope
围封年限 Fencing duration (Year)	2	3	9

样地 Site	样线 Line transect	聚类结果 Results by cluster analyses	群落类型 Community type
赛汉 Saihan (SH)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、10、11	短花针茅群系 Form.Stipa breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	7、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	10、11、12、13、14、15、16	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
化德 Huade (HD)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	8、9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
准格尔 Jungar (JGR)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	7、8、9、10、11、12	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、5、6	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	4、7、8、9、10	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	8、9、10、11、12	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana

样地 Site	样线 Line transect	聚类结果 Results by cluster analyses	群落类型 Community type
赛汉 Saihan (SH)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、8、9、10、11	短花针茅群系 Form.Stipa breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	7、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	10、11、12、13、14、15、16	小针茅群系 Form. S. klemenzii
化德 Huade (HD)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	8、9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	克氏针茅群系 Form. S. krylovii
准格尔 Jungar (JGR)	样线1下部 Lower slope of the first line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线1上部 Upper slope of the first line transect	7、8、9、10、11、12	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana
	样线2下部 Lower slope of the second line transect	1、2、3、5、6	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线2上部 Upper slope of the second line transect	4、7、8、9、10	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana
	样线3下部 Lower slope of the third line transect	1、2、3、4、5、6、7	短花针茅群系 Form. S. breviflora
	样线3上部 Upper slope of the third line transect	8、9、10、11、12	本氏针茅群系 Form. S. bungeana

样地 Site	样线 Line transect	上部坡面样方 Plot on the upper slope	下部坡面样方 Plot on the lower slope
赛汉 Saihan (SH)	样线1 The first line transect	12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11
	样线2 The second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8
	样线3 The third line transect	10、11、12、13、14、15、16	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9
化德 Huade (HD)	样线1 The first line transect	8、9、10、11、12、13、14	1、2、3、4、5、6、7
	样线2 The second line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8
	样线3 The third line transect	9、10、11、12、13、14	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8
准格尔 Jungar (JGR)	样线1 The first line transect	7、8、9、10、11、12	1、2、3、4、5、6
	样线2 The second line transect	7、8、9、10	1、2、3、4、5、6
	样线3 The third line transect	8、9、10、11、12	1、2、3、4、5、6、7