Microclimate characteristics in shelterbelt of tea garden in coastal hilly region of eastern Shandong, China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00116

Abstract

Abstract: Aims Over a year, Rushan tea is booming gradually, but due to the low temperature in winter and early spring, the areas for tea plantation has been decreasing year by year. Therefore, how to achieve a higher yield at lower cost has become a major issue in the test plantation area. The paper examined the characteristics of microclimate in four shelterbelt systems of tea garden in order to identify a suitable forest-tea system in the study area.Methods The tea plantation studied was established in the spring of 2007 with terrace soil preparations, involving four forest shelterbelt grid systems (i.e. 8 m × 80 m, 12 m × 80 m, 20 m × 80 m and 40 m × 80 m). The wind speed, air temperature, soil temperature, relative air humidity and relative soil moisture were measured in the four shelterbelt systems in April, August and December of 2013, with the tea plantation without shelterbelt as control. Important findings Firstly, the four shelterbelt systems all reduced wind speed effectively, increased air relative humidity, regulated air temperature, soil temperature and soil relative moisture, and improved ecological environment in favor of tea production. Secondly, due to the seasonal variations of regional water flux and solar radiation, the regulation effects of the four shelterbelt systems differed. Thirdly, the results of principal component analysis showed that, the main factors inducing different microclimate characteristics were the air temperature and soil temperature, with factor loads of -0.978 and 0.986, respectively. The wind speed and air temperature showed a highly significant correlation, but there was no significant linear relationship between wind speed and soil temperature, indicating that wind speed could affect the microclimate indirectly. Overall, the shelterbelt system of 8 m × 80 m is better than the other three systems in the effects of regulating microclimate.

Key words: humidity, microclimate, northern tea garden, protection forest, temperature, wind speed

YANG Fei,YANG Ji-Hua,AI Zhao,ZHANG Guo-Qing,HU Jian-Peng. Microclimate characteristics in shelterbelt of tea garden in coastal hilly region of eastern Shandong, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(11): 1205-1213.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00116

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I11/1205

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 A configuration diagram of shelterbelt of tea garden. Pinus thunbergii; , Sabina chinensis; , Sabina komarovii; , Sabina komarovii; , Cerasus pseudocerasus; , observation points.

Fig. 2 Wind-break potencies of shelterbelt of tea gardens (mean ± SE). I, 8 m × 80 m; II, 12 m × 80 m; III, 20 m × 80 m; IV, 40 m × 80 m. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shelterbelt of tea gardens (p < 0.05); different capital letters indicate significant differences among months of measurements (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Regulation effects of air temperature in shelterbelt of tea gardens (mean ± SE). I, 8 m × 80 m; II, 12 m × 80 m; III, 20 m × 80 m; IV, 40 m × 80 m. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shelterbelt of tea gardens (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 Regulation effects of soil temperature in shelterbelt of tea gardens (mean ± SE). I, 8 m × 80 m; II, 12 m × 80 m; III, 20 m × 80 m; IV, 40 m × 80 m. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shelterbelt of tea gardens (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Regulation effects of relative air humidity in shelterbelt of tea gardens (mean ± SE). I, 8 m × 80 m; II, 12 m × 80 m; III, 20 m × 80 m; IV, 40 m × 80 m. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shelterbelt of tea gardens (p < 0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among months of measurements (p < 0.05).

Fig. 6 Regulation effects of relative soil moisture in four shelterbelt of tea gardens (mean ± SE). I, 8 m × 80 m; II, 12 m × 80 m; III, 20 m × 80 m; IV, 40 m × 80 m. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among shelterbelt of tea gardens (p < 0.05).

Table 1 The means matrix of microclimate factors in different shelterbelt systems

网格面积 Network area	风速 Wind speed	空气温度 Air temperature	土壤温度 Soil temperature	空气相对湿度 Relative air humidity	土壤相对湿度 Relative soil moisture
8 m × 80 m	-1.250 93	-1.181 59	1.269 18	1.112 76	1.200 96
12 m × 80 m	-0.288 68	-0.322 25	-0.152 30	0.332 68	-1.200 96
20 m × 80 m	0.481 13	0.322 25	0.050 77	-0.172 08	0.240 19
40 m × 80 m	1.058 48	1.181 59	-1.167 65	-1.273 37	-0.240 19

Table 2 The principal component coordination and factor load values of microclimate factors in different shelterbelt systems

项目 Items	气候因子 Microclimate factors					特征根 Eigenvalue	累计贡献 Accumulative contribution
项目 Items	风速 Wind speed	空气温度 Air temperature	土壤温度 Soil temperature	空气相对湿度 Relative air humidity	土壤相对湿度 Relative soil moisture	特征根 Eigenvalue	累计贡献 Accumulative contribution
主分量1 Principal component 1	-0.233	-0.235	0.236	0.234	0.142	4.169	0.833 9
因子负荷量 Factor load value	-0.971	-0.978	0.986	0.974	0.590
主分量2 Principal component 2	0.234	0.262	0.142	-0.271	1.030	0.783	0.990 6
因子负荷量 Factor load value	0.183	0.205	0.111	-0.212	0.806

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