Distribution patterns and driving factors of leaf C, N and P stoichiometry of coniferous species on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0221

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The leaf stoichiometry and potential driving factors play a vital role in understanding the distribution patterns of plant community and predicting the plant responses to environmental changes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of coniferous species on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China.
Methods We collected leaf and soil samples from 29 coniferous tree species at 84 sampling sites on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Linear fitting was used to analyze the variation patterns of leaf stoichiometry along geographical and climatic gradients. Partial redundancy analysis was used to characterize the relative contributions of climate and soil factors to leaf stoichiometry variation patterns.
Important findings (1) At the level of family and genus, C and N concentrations as well as C:N of leaves were significantly different across distinct conifer species. The leaf N:P was less than 14, indicating that conifer species in the study region were mainly N-limited. (2) Leaf N and P concentrations showed a consistent distribution pattern along environmental gradients. Specifically, N and P concentrations of leaves were significantly decreased with elevated latitude and altitude, while remarkably increased with the increase of mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). In comparison, leaf C concentration had no significant correlation with latitude, altitude, MAT or MAP. (3) The leaf C:N and C:P showed an opposite distribution pattern with leaf N and P concentrations, which significantly increased with elevated latitude and altitude, while markedly declined with the increase of MAT and MAP. Leaf N:P had no significant correlation with altitude, MAT or MAP. (4) The main driving factors of leaf C, N, P concentrations and their stoichiometric characteristics were different. Specifically, soil properties were the main driving factors accounting for the variations of leaf C concentration and N:P. The variations of leaf N and P concentrations as well as ratios of C:N and C:P were primarily explained by climatic factors. Collectively, variations of leaf stoichiometry of coniferous species along environmental gradients in the study region provided a compelling support for the Temperature Biogeochemistry Hypothesis. These findings largely improved the understanding of the distribution patterns and driving mechanism of leaf stoichiometry under changing environments.

Key words: leaf stoichiometry, distribution pattern, driving factor, the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, subalpine coniferous species

CAI Qin, DING Jun-Xiang, ZHANG Zi-Liang, HU Jun, WANG Qi-Tong, YIN Ming-Zhen, LIU Qing, YIN Hua-Jun. Distribution patterns and driving factors of leaf C, N and P stoichiometry of coniferous species on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(12): 1048-1060.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0221

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2019/V43/I12/1048

Figures/Tables 6

References 40

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叶元素 Leaf element	分类 Type		n	GM	AM	SD	CV (%)	Min	Max
C含量 C concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	504.83	504.98	12.22	2.42	483.40	544.13
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	503.14	503.24^B	9.90	1.97	483.40	531.50
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	527.37	527.61^A	17.53	3.32	499.43	544.13
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	498.90	498.96^c	7.96	1.60	483.40	512.03
		冷杉属 Abies	25	507.77	507.84^b	8.86	1.75	489.53	521.58
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	511.93	511.96^ab	6.97	1.36	503.92	516.00
		松属 Pinus	11	505.40	505.55^bc	12.76	2.52	492.20	531.50
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	527.37	527.61^a	17.53	3.32	499.43	544.13
N含量 N concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	13.03	13.13	1.65	12.56	9.60	16.89
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	13.01	13.11^A	1.64	12.49	9.60	16.89
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	13.31	13.44^A	1.94	14.46	9.95	15.50
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	12.43	12.52^b	1.51	12.06	9.60	16.43
		冷杉属 Abies	25	13.31	13.39^ab	1.43	10.69	10.68	16.22
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	13.47	13.49^ab	0.84	6.24	12.52	14.03
		松属 Pinus	11	14.35	14.46^a	1.82	12.58	10.97	16.89
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	13.31	13.44^ab	1.94	14.46	9.95	15.50
P含量 P concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	1.30	1.35	0.35	25.81	0.76	2.42
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	1.30	1.34^A	0.35	25.90	0.76	2.42
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	1.36	1.41^A	0.38	26.60	0.83	1.82
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	1.27	1.31^a	0.35	26.89	0.76	1.99
		冷杉属 Abies	25	1.29	1.33^a	0.35	26.01	0.87	2.42
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	1.17	1.18^a	0.15	12.48	1.05	1.34
		松属 Pinus	11	1.48	1.51^a	0.35	22.94	1.01	2.11
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	1.36	1.41^a	0.38	26.60	0.83	1.82
C:N	全部样品 All samples		84	38.74	39.03	4.83	12.37	29.98	53.85
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	38.68	38.95^A	4.64	11.91	29.98	51.31
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	39.63	40.14^A	7.37	18.36	32.23	53.85
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	40.12	40.39^a	4.68	11.59	29.98	51.31
		冷杉属 Abies	25	38.14	38.32^ab	3.77	9.85	32.16	47.09
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	38.00	38.07^ab	2.78	7.31	35.92	41.21
		松属 Pinus	11	35.21	35.50^b	4.92	13.86	30.80	45.90
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	39.63	40.14^ab	7.37	18.36	32.23	53.85
C:P	全部样品 All samples		84	387.68	401.13	107.04	26.68	210.39	667.28
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	387.77	401.03^A	105.84	26.39	210.39	667.28
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	386.54	402.44^A	133.00	33.05	274.41	645.59
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	394.20	409.63^a	117.99	28.80	249.33	667.28
		冷杉属 Abies	25	393.78	404.80^a	94.83	23.43	210.39	574.52
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	436.06	438.72^a	58.31	13.29	376.06	491.40
		松属 Pinus	11	342.08	351.69^a	87.54	24.89	235.03	526.24
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	386.54	402.44^a	133.00	33.05	274.41	645.59
N:P	全部样品 All samples		84	10.01	10.31	2.47	23.95	5.18	15.31
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	10.03	10.34^A	2.53	24.49	5.18	15.31
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	9.75	9.84^A	1.46	14.87	8.36	11.99
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	9.82	10.20^a	2.76	27.08	5.24	15.31
		冷杉属 Abies	25	10.32	10.63^a	2.55	23.99	5.18	15.12
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	11.48	11.50^a	0.90	7.79	10.47	12.10
		松属 Pinus	11	9.72	9.88^a	1.92	19.45	7.29	12.84
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	9.75	9.84^a	1.46	14.87	8.36	11.99

叶元素 Leaf element	分类 Type		n	GM	AM	SD	CV (%)	Min	Max
C含量 C concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	504.83	504.98	12.22	2.42	483.40	544.13
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	503.14	503.24^B	9.90	1.97	483.40	531.50
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	527.37	527.61^A	17.53	3.32	499.43	544.13
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	498.90	498.96^c	7.96	1.60	483.40	512.03
		冷杉属 Abies	25	507.77	507.84^b	8.86	1.75	489.53	521.58
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	511.93	511.96^ab	6.97	1.36	503.92	516.00
		松属 Pinus	11	505.40	505.55^bc	12.76	2.52	492.20	531.50
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	527.37	527.61^a	17.53	3.32	499.43	544.13
N含量 N concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	13.03	13.13	1.65	12.56	9.60	16.89
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	13.01	13.11^A	1.64	12.49	9.60	16.89
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	13.31	13.44^A	1.94	14.46	9.95	15.50
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	12.43	12.52^b	1.51	12.06	9.60	16.43
		冷杉属 Abies	25	13.31	13.39^ab	1.43	10.69	10.68	16.22
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	13.47	13.49^ab	0.84	6.24	12.52	14.03
		松属 Pinus	11	14.35	14.46^a	1.82	12.58	10.97	16.89
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	13.31	13.44^ab	1.94	14.46	9.95	15.50
P含量 P concentration (g·kg^-1)	全部样品 All samples		84	1.30	1.35	0.35	25.81	0.76	2.42
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	1.30	1.34^A	0.35	25.90	0.76	2.42
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	1.36	1.41^A	0.38	26.60	0.83	1.82
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	1.27	1.31^a	0.35	26.89	0.76	1.99
		冷杉属 Abies	25	1.29	1.33^a	0.35	26.01	0.87	2.42
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	1.17	1.18^a	0.15	12.48	1.05	1.34
		松属 Pinus	11	1.48	1.51^a	0.35	22.94	1.01	2.11
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	1.36	1.41^a	0.38	26.60	0.83	1.82
C:N	全部样品 All samples		84	38.74	39.03	4.83	12.37	29.98	53.85
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	38.68	38.95^A	4.64	11.91	29.98	51.31
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	39.63	40.14^A	7.37	18.36	32.23	53.85
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	40.12	40.39^a	4.68	11.59	29.98	51.31
		冷杉属 Abies	25	38.14	38.32^ab	3.77	9.85	32.16	47.09
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	38.00	38.07^ab	2.78	7.31	35.92	41.21
		松属 Pinus	11	35.21	35.50^b	4.92	13.86	30.80	45.90
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	39.63	40.14^ab	7.37	18.36	32.23	53.85
C:P	全部样品 All samples		84	387.68	401.13	107.04	26.68	210.39	667.28
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	387.77	401.03^A	105.84	26.39	210.39	667.28
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	386.54	402.44^A	133.00	33.05	274.41	645.59
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	394.20	409.63^a	117.99	28.80	249.33	667.28
		冷杉属 Abies	25	393.78	404.80^a	94.83	23.43	210.39	574.52
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	436.06	438.72^a	58.31	13.29	376.06	491.40
		松属 Pinus	11	342.08	351.69^a	87.54	24.89	235.03	526.24
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	386.54	402.44^a	133.00	33.05	274.41	645.59
N:P	全部样品 All samples		84	10.01	10.31	2.47	23.95	5.18	15.31
	科 Family	松科 Pinaceae	78	10.03	10.34^A	2.53	24.49	5.18	15.31
	科 Family	柏科 Cupressaceae	6	9.75	9.84^A	1.46	14.87	8.36	11.99
	属 Genus	云杉属 Picea	39	9.82	10.20^a	2.76	27.08	5.24	15.31
		冷杉属 Abies	25	10.32	10.63^a	2.55	23.99	5.18	15.12
		铁杉属 Tsuga	3	11.48	11.50^a	0.90	7.79	10.47	12.10
		松属 Pinus	11	9.72	9.88^a	1.92	19.45	7.29	12.84
		圆柏属 Juniperus	6	9.75	9.84^a	1.46	14.87	8.36	11.99