Effects of doubled CO2 concentration on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to elucidate the response of crop photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency to atmospheric CO₂ concentration. This has great significance to predicting crop productivity and water-demand changes under increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration.
Methods The photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of eight crops (soybean (Glycine max), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), rice (Oryza sativa), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and millet (Setaria italica)) were studied under natural CO₂ concentration, doubled CO₂ concentration and natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂ conditions.
Important findings Doubled CO₂ concentration increased the photosynthesis rate and decreased the transpiration rate, and therefore water use efficiency was more significantly increased. The increase of water use efficiency showed greater dependence on the increase of photosynthesis rate than the decrease of transpiration rate. The variations of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency of C₃ crops were larger than those of C₄ crops. The effect of photosynthesis rate of C₃ crops on the water use efficiency was larger than that of C₄ crops. The photosynthesis rate under natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂concentration was lower than that under natural CO₂ concentration, but no significant difference was found for the transpiration rate. The photosynthetic capacity under natural CO₂ concentration after doubled CO₂ concentration was decreased mainly by the decreasing of some non-stomatal factors, including the protein content, activation levels and specific activity of the enzyme Rubisco.

Key words: crop, doubled CO₂ concentration, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency

WANG Jian-Lin, WEN Xue-Fa, ZHAO Feng-Hua, FANG Quan-Xiao, YANG Xin-Min. Effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(5): 438-446.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00438

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2012/V36/I5/438

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Photosynthesis rate (Pn) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

Fig. 2 Maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

Fig. 3 Transpiration rate (Tr) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

Fig. 4 Water use efficiency (WUE) of eight crops under natural ([375]), doubled ([750]), natural after doubled ([750-375]) CO2 concentration conditions (mean ± SD, n = 3). CO, Gossypium hirsutum; MA, Zea mays; MI, Setaria italica; PE, Arachis hypogaea; RI, Oryza sativa; SB, Glyline max; SO, Sorghum vulgare; SP, Ipomoea batatas.

Table 1 Elevated water use efficiency (WUE) by increased photosynthesis and decreased transpiration under doubled CO2 concentration

物种 Species	大豆 Glycine max	甘薯 Ipomoea batatas	花生 Arachis hypogaea	水稻 Oryza sativa	棉花 Gossypium hirsutum	玉米 Zea mays	高粱 Sorghum vulgare	谷子 Setaria italica
WUE增幅 Elevated WUE (%)	68.18	87.78	81.78	93.05	61.34	47.97	46.89	47.02
光合速率升高的贡献 Proffer from photosynthetic rate (%)	69.31	66.27	75.53	69.06	70.49	61.73	56.74	41.18
蒸腾速率降低的贡献 Proffer from transpiration rate (%)	30.69	33.73	24.47	30.94	29.51	38.27	43.26	58.82

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Effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of eight crop species

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