Spatial-temporal variation of water use efficiency in three species of sand-fixing shrubs on the Ordos Plateau

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0266

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims To evaluate the adaptability of Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii to different hydrothermal gradients.

Methods In this paper, fixed sample plots were established in the areas of Dalad Banner and Uxin Banner, Ordos City and Jingbian County, Yulin City, respectively, to study the carbon stable isotope composition (δ¹³C) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves of the above three types of sand-fixing plants during the months of July to September, and to analyze the relationships between the WUE of the different types of sand-fixing plants and air temperature, precipitation and aridity index (AI).

Important findings The results showed that: (1) The δ¹³C and WUE values were highest in C. korshinskii, and lowest in A. ordosica, and these values were significantly higher in July than in August and September; (2) for Salix psammophila, leaf δ¹³C and WUE did not exhibit a systematic trend with the increase in AI, while in Dalad Banner, where AI was the highest, leaf δ¹³C and WUE were significantly higher than Uxin Banner and Jingbian County in C. korshinskii and A. ordosica; the results of multifactorial ANOVA showed that the plant species and the spatial differences in which they were located had the greatest influence on plant δ¹³C and WUE; (3) The results of linear regression analysis showed that air temperature, precipitation and AI significantly affected WUE, except for C. korshinskii WUE, which had no significant effect on air temperature changes. among them, C. korshinskii WUE was the most sensitive to changes in AI, S. psammophila was more sensitive to changes in air temperature, while WUE of A. ordosica had a smoother response to changes in the above environmental factors.

Key words: sand fixing shrub, carbon stable isotope, water use efficiency, aridity index, Ordos Plateau

WU Feng-Yan, WU Yong-Sheng, CHEN Xiao-Han, FENG Ji, LU Li-Yuan, CHASINA , WANG Chao-Yu, MENG Yuan-Fa, YIN Qiang. Spatial-temporal variation of water use efficiency in three species of sand-fixing shrubs on the Ordos Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(9): 1180-1191.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0266

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I9/1180

Figures/Tables 7

References 59

[1]	An H, An Y (2011). Soil moisture dynamics and water balance of Salix psammophila shrubs in south edge of Mu Us Sandy Land. Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 2247-2252.
	[安慧, 安钰 (2011). 毛乌素沙地南缘沙柳灌丛土壤水分及水量平衡. 应用生态学报, 22, 2247-2252.]
[2]	Bchir A, Escalona JM, Gallé A, Hernández-Montes E, Tortosa I, Braham M, Medrano H (2016). Carbon isotope discrimination (δ¹³C) as an indicator of vine water status and water use efficiency (WUE): looking for the most representative sample and sampling time. Agricultural Water Management, 167, 11-20.
[3]	Cao JR (2021). Water Use Efficiency and Its Influencing Mechanism of Soil and Water Conservation Forest Vegetation in Hilly and Gully Region of Northern Shaanxi. Master degree dissertation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi.
	[曹佳锐(2021). 陕北丘陵沟壑区水土保持林植被水分利用效率及其影响机制. 硕士学位论文, 西北农林科技大学, 陕西杨凌.]
[4]	Cao SK, Feng Q, Si JH, Chang ZQ, Xi HY, Zhuo MC (2009a). Summary on research methods of water use efficiency in plant. Journal of Desert Research, 29, 853-858.
	[曹生奎, 冯起, 司建华, 常宗强, 席海洋, 卓玛错 (2009a). 植物水分利用效率研究方法综述. 中国沙漠, 29, 853-858.]
[5]	Cao SK, Feng Q, Si JH, Chang ZQ, Zhuo MC, Xi HY, Su YH (2009b). Summary on the plant water use efficiency at leaf level. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29, 3882-3892.
	[曹生奎, 冯起, 司建华, 常宗强, 卓玛错, 席海洋, 苏永红 (2009b). 植物叶片水分利用效率研究综述. 生态学报, 29, 3882-3892.]
[6]	Chen J, Chang S, Anyia AO (2011). The physiology and stability of leaf carbon isotope discrimination as a measure of water use efficiency in barley on the Canadian prairies. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197, 1-11.
[7]	Chen XH, Wu YS, Hai CX (2023). Effects of surface dew under different types on sand-fixing shurbs in the southern margin of Mu Us Sandy Land, Northern China. Journal of Desert Research, 43(1), 83-95.
	[陈晓涵, 吴永胜, 海春兴 (2023). 毛乌素沙地南缘固沙灌丛下地表凝结水特征. 中国沙漠, 43(1), 83-95.] DOI
[8]	Cowan IR (1982). Regulation of water use in relation to carbon gain in higher plants//Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB, Ziegler H. Physiological Plant Ecology II. Springer, Berlin. 589-613.
[9]	Cui QL, He YL, Li ZS (2022). Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation water use efficiency and its relationship with climatic factors on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 1525-1532.
	[崔茜琳, 何云玲, 李宗善 (2022). 青藏高原植被水分利用效率时空变化及与气候因子的关系. 应用生态学报, 33, 1525-1532.] DOI
[10]	Fan JJ, Ning J, Meng XJ, Zhu YS, Sun XM, Zhang XY (2012). Stable carbon isotopic compositions of C₃ plant responses to the temperature and moisture and their application in water use efficiency. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 43, 1502-1507.
	[樊金娟, 宁静, 孟宪菁, 朱延姝, 孙晓敏, 张心昱 (2012). C₃植物叶片稳定碳同位素对温度、湿度的响应及其在水分利用中的研究进展. 土壤通报, 43, 1502-1507.
[11]	Farquhar GD, Richards RA (1984). Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 116, 539-552.
[12]	Feng HY, An LZ, Chen T, Xu SJ, Qiang WY, Liu G, Wang XL (2003). Relationships between stable carbon isotope composition and environmental factors in plants of the pedicularis L. Journal of Claciology and Geocryology, 25(1), 88-93.
	[冯虎元, 安黎哲, 陈拓, 徐世健, 强维亚, 刘光, 王勋陵 (2003). 马先蒿属(Pedicularis L.)植物稳定碳同位素组成与环境因子之间的关系. 冰川冻土, 25(1), 88-93.]
[13]	Francey RJ, Gifford RM, Sharkey TD, Weir B (1985). Physiological influences on carbon isotope discrimination in Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii). Oecologia, 66, 211-218. DOI PMID
[14]	Fu XD, Yan JJ, Shawuli D, Liu HJ, Cui D, Chen C (2021). Spatiotemporal variation of water use efficiency and its influencing factors in the grassland ecosystem of Ili River valley. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 28(1), 124-131.
	[付秀东, 闫俊杰, 沙吾丽•达吾提, 刘海军, 崔东, 陈晨(2021). 伊犁河谷草地生态系统水分利用效率时空变化及影响因素. 水土保持研究, 28(1), 124-131.]
[15]	Gebrekirstos A, Worbes M, Teketay D, Fetene M, Mitlöhner R (2009). Stable carbon isotope ratios in tree rings of co-occurring species from semi-arid tropics in Africa: patterns and climatic signals. Global and Planetary Change, 66, 253-260.
[16]	Guo R (2017). Studies on Ecological Benefit Evaluation of Three Kinds of Public Welfare Forest Types in Dalate Qi. Master degree dissertation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot.
	[郭融(2017). 达拉特旗3种类型公益林生态效益评价研究. 硕士学位论文, 内蒙古农业大学, 呼和浩特.]
[17]	He TH (2009). The Environment Changes of Mu Us Desert in Historical Period. PhD dissertation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou.
	[何彤慧 (2009). 毛乌素沙地历史时期环境变化研究. 博士学位论文, 兰州大学, 兰州.]
[18]	Hou QQ, Pei TT, Yu XJ, Chen Y, Ji ZX, Xie BP (2022). The seasonal response of vegetation water use efficiency to temperature and precipitation in the Loess Plateau, China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 33, e01984. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01984.
[19]	Hu AY, Fu WD, Chen YF, Yan L, Ai MX, Chen R, Shi CC, Liu XH (2023). Soil moisture dynamics and its response to precipitation in different cover types of the Mu Us sandy land. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 30(6), 133-142.
	[胡安焱, 付稳东, 陈云飞, 颜林, 艾美霞, 陈瑞, 石长春, 刘秀花 (2023). 毛乌素沙地不同覆被类型土壤水分动态及其对降水的响应. 水土保持研究, 30(6), 133-142.]
[20]	Hu HY, Li HX, Ni B, Shi B, Xu DM, Xie YZ (2019). Characteristic of typical vegetation community and water use efficiency of dominant plants in desert steppe of Ningxia. Journal of Zhejiang University, 45, 460-471.
	[胡海英, 李惠霞, 倪彪, 师斌, 许冬梅, 谢应忠 (2019). 宁夏荒漠草原典型群落的植被特征及其优势植物的水分利用效率. 浙江大学学报, 45, 460-471.]
[21]	Huang FZ, Li DX, Wang B, Xiang WS, Guo YL, Wen SJ, Chen T, Li XK (2019). Foliar stable carbon isotope composition and water use efficiency of plant in the Karst seasonal rain forest. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 1833-1839.
	[黄甫昭, 李冬兴, 王斌, 向悟生, 郭屹立, 文淑均, 陈婷, 李先琨 (2019). 喀斯特季节性雨林植物叶片碳同位素组成及水分利用效率. 应用生态学报, 30, 1833-1839.] DOI
[22]	Huang M, Piao S, Zeng Z, Peng S, Ciais P, Cheng L, Mao J, Poulter B, Shi X, Yao Y, Yang H, Wang Y (2016). Seasonal responses of terrestrial ecosystem water use efficiency to climate change. Global Change Biology, 226, 2165-2177.
[23]	Jin LY, Li J, Wang X, Chen FH (2004). The temporal and spatial distribution of surface dry-wet conditions over northwestern China in recent 50 years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 59, 847-854. DOI
	[靳立亚, 李静, 王新, 陈发虎 (2004). 近50年来中国西北地区干湿状况时空分布. 地理学报, 59, 847-854.]
[24]	Körner C, Farquhar GD, Wong SC (1991). Carbon isotope discrimination by plants follows latitudinal and altitudinal trends. Oecologia, 881, 30-40.
[25]	Lambers H, Oliveira RS (2019). Plant water relations//Lambers H, Oliveira RS. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. 187-263.
[26]	Li MX, Peng CH, Wang M, Yang YZ, Zhang KR, Li P, Yang Y, Ni J, Zhu QA (2017). Spatial patterns of leaf δ¹³C and its relationship with plant functional groups and environmental factors in China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122, 1564-1575.
[27]	Li XR, Zhang ZS, Huang L, Wang XP (2013). Review of the ecohydrological processes and feedback mechanisms controlling sand-binding vegetation systems in sandy desert regions of China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(S1), 397-410.
	[李新荣, 张志山, 黄磊, 王新平 (2013). 我国沙区人工植被系统生态-水文过程和互馈机理研究评述. 科学通报, 58(S1), 397-410.]
[28]	Li YB, Chen T, Zhang YF, An LZ (2007). The relation of seasonal pattern in stable carbon compositions to meteorological variables in the leaves of Sabina przewalskii Kom. and Sabina chinensis (Lin.) Ant. Environmental Geology, 51, 1279-1284.
[29]	Liu B, Guan HD, Zhao WZ, Yang YT, Li SB (2017). Groundwater facilitated water-use efficiency along a gradient of groundwater depth in arid northwestern China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 233, 235-241.
[30]	Liu LK, Liang LT, Gao P, Fan CS, Wang HH, Wang H (2021). Coupling relationship and interactive response between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 36(1), 176-195.
	[刘琳轲, 梁流涛, 高攀, 范昌盛, 王宏豪, 王瀚 (2021). 黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合关系及交互响应. 自然资源学报, 36(1), 176-195.] DOI
[31]	Liu XZ, Zhang Y, Su Q, Tian YL, Quan B, Wang GA (2014). Research progress in responses of modern terrestrial plant carbon isotope composition to climate change. Advances in Earth Science, 29, 1341-1354. DOI
	[刘贤赵, 张勇, 宿庆, 田艳林, 全斌, 王国安 (2014). 现代陆生植物碳同位素组成对气候变化的响应研究进展. 地球科学进展, 29, 1341-1354.] DOI
[32]	Lloret F, Peñuelas J, Ogaya R (2004). Establishment of co-existing Mediterranean tree species under a varying soil moisture regime. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15, 237-244.
[33]	Meng M, Ni J, Zhang ZG (2004). Aridity index and its applications in geo-ecological study. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 28, 853-861.
	[孟猛, 倪健, 张治国 (2004). 地理生态学的干燥度指数及其应用评述. 植物生态学报, 28, 853-861.] DOI
[34]	Morecroft M, Woodward F, Marris R (1992). Altitudinal trends in leaf nutrient contents, leaf size and δ¹³C of Alchemilla alpina. Functional Ecology, 6, 730-740.
[35]	Ren SJ, Yu GR (2011). Carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of C₃ plants and water use efficiency in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35, 119-124.
	[任书杰, 于贵瑞 (2011). 中国区域478种C₃植物叶片碳稳定性同位素组成与水分利用效率. 植物生态学报, 35, 119-124.] DOI
[36]	Roussel M, Dreyer E, Montpied P, Le-Provost G, Guehl JM, Brendel O (2009). The diversity of ¹³C isotope discrimination in a Quercus robur full-sib family is associated with differences in intrinsic water use efficiency, transpiration efficiency, and stomatal conductance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, 2419-2431. DOI PMID
[37]	Schleser GH (1990). Investigations of the δ¹³C pattern in leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 41, 565-572.
[38]	Sun B, Dilcher DL, Beerling DJ, Zhang C, Yan D, Kowalski E (2003). Variation in Ginkgo biloba L. leaf characters across a climatic gradient in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 7141-7146.
[39]	Tang KY, Yan ZJ, Yin Q, Gao L, Wang H, Yu J, Meng YF, Wang YQ, Zhao HS (2018). Study on plant diversity of different dunes in the eastern Kubuqi desert. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 40(6), 71-77.
	[唐宽燕, 闫志坚, 尹强, 高丽, 王慧, 于洁, 孟元发, 王育青, 赵虎生 (2018). 库布齐沙地不同沙丘类型植物多样性研究. 中国草地学报, 40(6), 71-77.]
[40]	Wang LX, Li XQ, Guo LL (2006). The distribution of δ¹³C value of C₃ plant and its response to climate in arid and semiarid central East Asia. Quaternary Sciences, 26, 955-961.
	[王丽霞, 李心清, 郭兰兰 (2006). 中东亚干旱半干旱区C₃植物δ¹³C值的分布及其对气候的响应. 第四纪研究, 26, 955-961.]
[41]	Wu YS, Yin RP, Tian XM, Ha S (2018). Development characteristics of biological crusts under artificial vegetation in southern Mu Us sandy land. Journal of Desert Research, 38, 339-344. DOI
	[吴永胜, 尹瑞平, 田秀民, 哈斯 (2018). 毛乌素沙地南缘人工植被区生物结皮发育特征. 中国沙漠, 38, 339-344.] DOI
[42]	Xu DY, Kang XW, Liu ZL, Zhuang DF, Pan JJ (2009). Study on the relative roles of climate change and human activities in the desertification process in Ordos Region. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences), 39, 516-528.
	[许端阳, 康相武, 刘志丽, 庄大方, 潘剑君 (2009). 气候变化和人类活动在鄂尔多斯地区沙漠化过程中的相对作用研究. 中国科学(D辑: 地球科学), 39, 516-528.]
[43]	Xu X, Guan H, Skrzypek G, Simmons CT (2017). Response of leaf stable carbon isotope composition to temporal and spatial variabilities of aridity index on two opposite hillslopes in a native vegetated catchment. Journal of Hydrology, 553, 214-223.
[44]	Yang KY (2019). Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Water Use of Caragana intermedia Plantation and Related Factors in Alpine Sandy Land. PhD dissertation, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing.
	[杨凯悦 (2019). 高寒沙区柠条人工林光合耗水特性及影响因素研究. 博士学位论文, 中国林业科学研究院, 北京.]
[45]	Yang SY, Zhao XN, Gao XD, Yu LY (2022). Difference of water use efficiency between ecological and economic forest and its response to environment using carbon isotope in the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 36(4), 247-252.
	[杨树烨, 赵西宁, 高晓东, 于流洋 (2022). 基于δ¹³C值的黄土高原生态林和经济林水分利用效率差异及对环境响应分析. 水土保持学报, 36(4), 247-252.]
[46]	Zan GS, Wang CP, Li F, Liu Z, Sun T (2023). Main results and analyses of the sixth national desertification and sanding survey. Forest Resources Management, (1), 1-7.
	[昝国盛, 王翠萍, 李锋, 刘政, 孙涛 (2023). 第六次全国荒漠化和沙化调查主要结果及分析. 林业资源管理, (1), 1-7.]
[47]	Zhang JZ, Wang YY (2017). Ecological benefit evaluation of returning farmland to forest and grassland in sandy area of Dalad Banner, Inner Mongolia. Western Resources, (2), 164-166.
	[张景忠, 王云毅 (2017). 内蒙古达拉特旗风沙区退耕还林还草生态效益评价. 西部资源, (2), 164-166.]
[48]	Zhang L, Sun P, Huettmann F, Liu S (2022). Where should China practice forestry in a warming world. Global Change Biology, 28, 2461-2475.
[49]	Zhang WJ (2008). Study on Vegetation and Soil Restoration Effect of Living Sand Barrier in Horqin Sandy Land. PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
	[张文军 (2008). 科尔沁沙地活沙障植被及土壤恢复效应的研究. 博士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.]
[50]	Zhang XL (2022a). Study on Water Utilization Characteristics of Different Types of Sand-fixation Shrubs in the Hobq Desert Based on Stable Isotope Techniques. Master degree dissertation, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot.
	[张细林 (2022a). 基于稳定同位素技术的库布齐沙漠4种固沙灌木水分利用特征研究. 硕士学位论文, 内蒙古师范大学, 呼和浩特.]
[51]	Zhang Y (2022b). Study on the Change of Land Use and Vegetation Coverage in Wushen Banner. Master degree dissertation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot.
	[张雨 (2022b). 乌审旗土地利用与植被覆盖度变化研究. 硕士学位论文, 内蒙古农业大学, 呼和浩特.]
[52]	Zhang Y, Yang G, Han XY, Kang J, Shen CL, Wen YQ (2023). Spatiotemporal evolition of vegetation coverage and its driving forces in Wushen Banner. Caoxue, (6), 18-28. DOI
	[张雨, 杨光, 韩雪莹, 康健, 申丛林, 温雅琴 (2023). 乌审旗植被覆盖度时空演变及其影响因子分析. 草学, (6), 18-28.]
[53]	Zhao LJ, Wang XG, Zhang YC, Xie C, Liu QY, Meng F (2019). Plant water use strategies in the Shapotou artificial sand-fixed vegetation of the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert, northwestern China. Journal of Mountain Science, 16, 898-908.
[54]	Zhao LJ, Xiao HL, Liu XH, Luo F, Li SZ, Lu MF (2005). Seasonal variations of leaf δ¹³C of desert plants and its response to climatic factor changes in different micro- habitats in Shapotou Station. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 27, 747-754.
	[赵良菊, 肖洪浪, 刘晓宏, 罗芳, 李守中, 陆明峰 (2005). 沙坡头不同微生境下油蒿和柠条叶片δ¹³C的季节变化及其对气候因子的响应. 冰川冻土, 27, 747-754.]
[55]	Zhao Y, Wang L (2018). Plant water use strategy in response to spatial and temporal variation in precipitation patterns in China: a stable isotope analysis. Forests, 9, 123. DOI: 10.3390/f9030123.
[56]	Zheng HX, Liu J (2011). Long-term trends of aridity index and its sensitivity to climate factors in Northeast China: 1971-2008. Geographical Research, 30, 1765-1774.
	[郑红星, 刘静 (2011). 东北地区近40年干燥指数变化趋势及其气候敏感性. 地理研究, 30, 1765-1774.]
[57]	Zheng SX, Shangguan ZP (2007). Spatial patterns of foliar stable carbon isotope compositions of C₃ plant species in the Loess Plateau of China. Ecological Research, 22, 342-353.
[58]	Zhou YC, Zhang WB, Cheng XL, Xu XY (2019). Progress in the study of plant and soil carbon isotope composition in response to environmental changes. Research in Environmental Sciences, 32, 565-572.
	[周咏春, 张文博, 程希雷, 徐新阳 (2019). 植物及土壤碳同位素组成对环境变化响应研究进展. 环境科学研究, 32, 565-572.]
[59]	Zhu JJ (2013). A review of the present situation and future prospect of science of protective forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 37, 872-888.
	[朱教君 (2013). 防护林学研究现状与展望. 植物生态学报, 37, 872-888.] DOI

特征 Characteristic	达拉特旗 Dalad Banner	乌审旗 Uxin Banner	靖边县 Jingbian County
地理坐标 Geographical coordinate	110.00° E, 40.32° N	110.33° E, 38.97° N	108.88° E, 37.75° N
气候类型 Climate type	温带大陆干旱与半干旱区季风气候 Temperate continental arid and semi-arid monsoon climate (Zhang & Wang, 2017)	温带大陆半干旱区季风性气候 Temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate (Zhang, 2022b)	温带大陆半干旱区季风性气候 Temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate (Wu et al., 2018)
平均海拔 Average altitude (m)	1 100	1 300	1 350
年降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm)	311.4 (Wu et al., 2018)	331.5 (Zhang, 2023)	394.7 (Wu et al., 2018)
年蒸发量 Average annual evaporation (mm)	2 600 (Tang et al., 2018)	2 500 (Zhang, 2022b)	2 482 (Chen et al., 2023)
年平均气温 Average annual air temperature (℃)	6.1	6.8	7.8
年均干旱指数(平均值±标准误) Average annual aridity index (mean ± SE)	10.18 ± 4.10	8.75 ± 3.30	7.22 ± 2.02
土壤类型 Soil type	风沙土、栗钙土、盐碱土、黏土等 Sandy soil, chestnut soil, saline soil, clay, et al. (Guo, 2017)	栗钙土、草甸土、风沙土等 chestnut soil, meadow soil, sandy soil, et al. (Zhang, 2022b)	栗钙土、风沙土、棕钙土、灰钙土、黑垆土等 Chestnut soil, sandy soil, brown calcium soil, calcium grey soil, black clay, et al. (He, 2009)
野生植物 Natural plants	小叶杨、北沙柳、山竹岩黄耆、沙枣、沙棘、黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、沙蓬、狗尾草等 Populus simonii, Salix psammophila, Hedysarum fruticosum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hippophae rhamnoides, Artemisia ordosica, Hedysarum fruticosum var. laeve, Agriophyllum pungens, Setaria viridis, et al. (Zhang, 2022a)	沙棘、猪毛菜、香青兰、柽柳、黑沙蒿、北沙柳、短花针茅、中间锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿、草麻黄等 Hippophae rhamnoides, Salsola collina, Dracocephalum moldavica, Tamarix ramosissima, Artemisia ordosica, Salix psammophila, Stipa breviflora, Caragana liouana, C. microphylla, Ephedra sinica et al. (Zhang, 2022b)	黑沙蒿、短花针茅、沙蓬、软毛虫实、早园竹、猪毛菜、柠条锦鸡儿、山竹岩黄耆、沙拐枣、沙鞭等 Artemisia ordosica, Stipa breviflora, Agriophyllum squarrosum, Corispermum puberulum, Phyllostachys propinqua, Salsola collina, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum fruticosum, Calligonum mongolicum, Psammochloa villosa, et al. (Wu et al., 2018)

特征 Characteristic	达拉特旗 Dalad Banner	乌审旗 Uxin Banner	靖边县 Jingbian County
地理坐标 Geographical coordinate	110.00° E, 40.32° N	110.33° E, 38.97° N	108.88° E, 37.75° N
气候类型 Climate type	温带大陆干旱与半干旱区季风气候 Temperate continental arid and semi-arid monsoon climate (Zhang & Wang, 2017)	温带大陆半干旱区季风性气候 Temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate (Zhang, 2022b)	温带大陆半干旱区季风性气候 Temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate (Wu et al., 2018)
平均海拔 Average altitude (m)	1 100	1 300	1 350
年降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm)	311.4 (Wu et al., 2018)	331.5 (Zhang, 2023)	394.7 (Wu et al., 2018)
年蒸发量 Average annual evaporation (mm)	2 600 (Tang et al., 2018)	2 500 (Zhang, 2022b)	2 482 (Chen et al., 2023)
年平均气温 Average annual air temperature (℃)	6.1	6.8	7.8
年均干旱指数(平均值±标准误) Average annual aridity index (mean ± SE)	10.18 ± 4.10	8.75 ± 3.30	7.22 ± 2.02
土壤类型 Soil type	风沙土、栗钙土、盐碱土、黏土等 Sandy soil, chestnut soil, saline soil, clay, et al. (Guo, 2017)	栗钙土、草甸土、风沙土等 chestnut soil, meadow soil, sandy soil, et al. (Zhang, 2022b)	栗钙土、风沙土、棕钙土、灰钙土、黑垆土等 Chestnut soil, sandy soil, brown calcium soil, calcium grey soil, black clay, et al. (He, 2009)
野生植物 Natural plants	小叶杨、北沙柳、山竹岩黄耆、沙枣、沙棘、黑沙蒿、塔落岩黄耆、沙蓬、狗尾草等 Populus simonii, Salix psammophila, Hedysarum fruticosum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hippophae rhamnoides, Artemisia ordosica, Hedysarum fruticosum var. laeve, Agriophyllum pungens, Setaria viridis, et al. (Zhang, 2022a)	沙棘、猪毛菜、香青兰、柽柳、黑沙蒿、北沙柳、短花针茅、中间锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿、草麻黄等 Hippophae rhamnoides, Salsola collina, Dracocephalum moldavica, Tamarix ramosissima, Artemisia ordosica, Salix psammophila, Stipa breviflora, Caragana liouana, C. microphylla, Ephedra sinica et al. (Zhang, 2022b)	黑沙蒿、短花针茅、沙蓬、软毛虫实、早园竹、猪毛菜、柠条锦鸡儿、山竹岩黄耆、沙拐枣、沙鞭等 Artemisia ordosica, Stipa breviflora, Agriophyllum squarrosum, Corispermum puberulum, Phyllostachys propinqua, Salsola collina, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum fruticosum, Calligonum mongolicum, Psammochloa villosa, et al. (Wu et al., 2018)

样地 Site	物种 Species	δ¹³C (‰)			WUE (μmol∙mol^-1)
样地 Site	物种 Species	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min
达拉特旗 Dalad Banner	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.14 ± 0.29	-24.20	-29.10	73.44 ± 2.59	99.95	55.74
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.16 ± 0.27	-25.92	-29.48	64.27 ± 2.43	84.47	52.30
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-25.57 ± 0.28	-24.74	-26.91	87.60 ± 2.51	95.16	75.56
乌审旗 Uxin Banner	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.11 ± 0.51	-25.51	-28.34	73.74 ± 4.59	88.23	62.67
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.73 ± 0.27	-27.51	-29.60	59.10 ± 2.42	70.16	51.26
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-27.41 ± 0.47	-25.82	-29.02	71.03 ± 4.27	85.36	56.48
靖边县 Jingbian County	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.69 ± 0.15	-26.98	-29.32	68.53 ± 1.37	74.98	61.85
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.76 ± 0.13	-27.97	-29.46	58.80 ± 1.53	65.99	52.97
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-27.92 ± 0.56	-24.21	-29.70	66.41 ± 5.16	79.89	50.30

样地 Site	物种 Species	δ¹³C (‰)			WUE (μmol∙mol^-1)
样地 Site	物种 Species	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE	最大值 Max	最小值 Min
达拉特旗 Dalad Banner	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.14 ± 0.29	-24.20	-29.10	73.44 ± 2.59	99.95	55.74
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.16 ± 0.27	-25.92	-29.48	64.27 ± 2.43	84.47	52.30
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-25.57 ± 0.28	-24.74	-26.91	87.60 ± 2.51	95.16	75.56
乌审旗 Uxin Banner	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.11 ± 0.51	-25.51	-28.34	73.74 ± 4.59	88.23	62.67
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.73 ± 0.27	-27.51	-29.60	59.10 ± 2.42	70.16	51.26
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-27.41 ± 0.47	-25.82	-29.02	71.03 ± 4.27	85.36	56.48
靖边县 Jingbian County	北沙柳 Salix psammophila	-27.69 ± 0.15	-26.98	-29.32	68.53 ± 1.37	74.98	61.85
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	-28.76 ± 0.13	-27.97	-29.46	58.80 ± 1.53	65.99	52.97
	柠条锦鸡儿 Caragana korshinskii	-27.92 ± 0.56	-24.21	-29.70	66.41 ± 5.16	79.89	50.30

影响因素 Influencing factor	df	δ¹³C		影响因素分布值 Distribution values of influencing factor (%)
影响因素 Influencing factor	df	F	p	影响因素分布值 Distribution values of influencing factor (%)
月份 Month	2	7.041	0.001	9.00
地点 Region	2	13.479	<0.001	16.14
物种 Species	2	35.514	<0.001	25.23
月份×地点 Month × region	4	2.126	0.079	1.20
月份×物种 Month × species	4	2.781	0.028	1.56
地点×物种 Region × species	4	22.679	<0.001	12.70
月份×地点×物种 Month × region × species	8	3.894	<0.001	4.40