华南典型人工林凋落物的持水特性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于华南地区的杉木 (Cunninghamialanceolata) 林、马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana) 林、湿地松 (Pinuselliottii) 林、马占相思 (Acaciamangium) 林和尾叶桉 (Eucalyptusurophylla) 林的凋落物的储量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明, 杉木林的凋落物的干重 (6.5× 10 3 kg·hm-2 ) 最大, 其次是马尾松林和马占相思林 (5.5× 10 3 kg·hm-2 ), 而湿地松林 (4.1× 10 3 kg·hm-2 ) 和尾叶桉林较小 (4.0× 10 3 kg·hm-2 ) 。凋落物持水量呈现杉木林 >马占相思林 >尾叶桉林 >马尾松林 >湿地松林。各林分凋落物的最大持水量为杉木林 17.9× 10 3 kg·hm-2, 马占相思林 14.8× 10 3 kg·hm-2, 尾叶桉林 14.0× 10 3 kg·hm-2, 马尾松林 10.6× 10 3 kg·hm-2, 湿地松林 9.8× 10 3 kg·hm-2 。尾叶桉林、杉木林、马占相思林、湿地松林和马尾松林的凋落物最大持水率分别为 35 1%、2 74 %、2 6 9%、2 35 %和 191%。凋落物持水量和凋落物持水率随着浸泡时间的增加按照对数方程增加。 5种林分中尾叶桉林的凋落物吸水速率在各浸泡时间后居首位, 杉木林和马占相思林中等, 湿地松林较小, 而马尾松林最小, 各林分的凋落物的吸水速率随浸泡时间的增长按方程Y =a +b·t-1下降。

关键词: 人工林, 凋落物储量, 凋落物持水量, 凋落物持水率, 凋落物吸水速率

Abstract:

Litter characteristics, such as standing crop, water holding capacity, and proportional water holding capacity and absorption rates, were studied in plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla. The dry litter standing crop of C. lanceolata plantation was the largest (6.5×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) among the five plantations, followed by the P. massoniana and A. mangium plantations (5.5×10 3 kg·hm -2 ), the P. elliottii plantation (4.1×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) and the E. urophylla plantation (4.0×10 3 kg·hm -2 ). The order of total water holding capacity of litter was C. lanceolata plantation (17.9×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) > A. mangium plantation (14.8×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) > E. urophylla plantation (14.0×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) > P. massoniana plantation (10.6×10 3 kg·hm -2 ) > P. elliottii plantation (9.8×10 3 kg·hm -2 ). The proportional water holding capacity as a percentage of the litter dry weight in E. urophylla, C. lanceolata, A. mangium, P. elliottii and P. massoniana plantations were 351%, 274%, 269%, 235% and 191%, respectively. The total water holding capacity and proportional water holding capacity of litter increased logarithmically with increasing time immersed in water. The water absorption rate of litter in E. urophylla plantation was the largest among the five plantations, medium in the C. lanceolata and A. mangium plantations, lower in the P. elliottii plantation, and lowest in the P. massoniana plantation. Water absorption rates of litter in all plantations decreased according to equation Y=a+b·t -1 with increasing time immersed in water.

Key words: Plantation, Litter standing crop, Water holding capacity of litter, Water absorption rate of litter

薛立, 何跃君, 屈明, 吴敏, 徐燕. 华南典型人工林凋落物的持水特性. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3): 415-421. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0055

XUE Li, HE Yue-Jun, QU Ming, WU Min, XU Yan. WATER HOLDING CHARACTERISTICS OF LITTER IN PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(3): 415-421. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0055

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0055

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I3/415

图/表 9

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林分 Stands	林龄 Stand age (a)	郁闭度 Closed degree	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	主要林下植物 Main understory
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	10	0.95	2 500	14.6	14.0	乌蕨 (Stenoloma chusanum)
马尾松Pinus massoniana	10	0.80	1 667	9.5	6.0	鸭嘴草 (Ischaemum aristatum) 、乌毛蕨 (Blechnum orientale)
湿地松Pinus elliottii	10	0.85	1 667	14.3	7.0	乌毛蕨、芒箕 (Dicranopteris dichotoma) 、铁线蕨 (Adiantum capillus-veneris) 、梅叶冬青 (Ilex wilsonii) 、鸭脚木 (Schefflera octophylla)
马占相思Acacia mangium	8	0.85	1 890	11.2	11.0	芒草 (Miscanthus sinensis) 、芒箕、乌毛蕨
尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla	8	0.75	1 111	10.6	12.7	箬叶竹 (Indocalamus longiauritus) 、三桠苦 (Evodia lepta) 、芒箕

林分 Stands	林龄 Stand age (a)	郁闭度 Closed degree	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	主要林下植物 Main understory
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	10	0.95	2 500	14.6	14.0	乌蕨 (Stenoloma chusanum)
马尾松Pinus massoniana	10	0.80	1 667	9.5	6.0	鸭嘴草 (Ischaemum aristatum) 、乌毛蕨 (Blechnum orientale)
湿地松Pinus elliottii	10	0.85	1 667	14.3	7.0	乌毛蕨、芒箕 (Dicranopteris dichotoma) 、铁线蕨 (Adiantum capillus-veneris) 、梅叶冬青 (Ilex wilsonii) 、鸭脚木 (Schefflera octophylla)
马占相思Acacia mangium	8	0.85	1 890	11.2	11.0	芒草 (Miscanthus sinensis) 、芒箕、乌毛蕨
尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla	8	0.75	1 111	10.6	12.7	箬叶竹 (Indocalamus longiauritus) 、三桠苦 (Evodia lepta) 、芒箕

林分 Stands	样方1 Plot 1	样方2 Plot 2	样方3 Plot 3	样方4 Plot 4	样方5 Plot 5	样方6 Plot 6	平均值±标准误 Mean value±SE
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	1 182	890	1 170	1 083	968	1 193	1 081±47
马尾松Pinus massoniana	855	537	680	554	702	818	691±50
湿地松Pinus elliottii	685	570	560	549	627	639	605±22
马占相思Acacia mangium	600	887	480	841	531	595	656±63
尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla	486	740	575	493	610	698	600±39

林分 Stands	样方1 Plot 1	样方2 Plot 2	样方3 Plot 3	样方4 Plot 4	样方5 Plot 5	样方6 Plot 6	平均值±标准误 Mean value±SE
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	1 182	890	1 170	1 083	968	1 193	1 081±47
马尾松Pinus massoniana	855	537	680	554	702	818	691±50
湿地松Pinus elliottii	685	570	560	549	627	639	605±22
马占相思Acacia mangium	600	887	480	841	531	595	656±63
尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla	486	740	575	493	610	698	600±39

林分 Stands	鲜重 Fresh weight (10³ kg·hm^-2)	干重 Dry weight (10³ kg·hm^-2)	含水率 Water content (%)
杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	10.8	6.5	66
马尾松Pinus massoniana	6.9	5.5	25
湿地松Pinus elliottii	6.1	4.2	45
马占相思Acacia mangium	6.6	5.5	20
尾叶桉Eucalyptus urophylla	6.0	4.0	50