漓江河岸带植物功能性状变异与关联

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究植物功能性状随环境梯度的变异和关联格局, 对于认识不同环境梯度下群落构建和植物适应型具有重要意义。该研究以漓江河岸带不同河段植物群落为研究对象, 调查了研究区内36个样方的物种组成, 测量了样方内42种木本植物的叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)和木材密度(WD)的功能性状值, 并运用性状梯度分析法对3个功能性状进行群落内(α组分)和群落间(β组分)组分分解及相关性分析。结果表明: (1)群落平均LA表现为中游最小且和下游差异显著, 群落平均WD则表现为中上游显著高于下游, 群落平均SLA在两两河段间均差异显著。(2)不同河段的3个植物功能性状β组分差异显著且实际观测值均小于随机模拟的零模型分布, 但α组分在河岸带不同河段均差异不显著且3个功能性状的α组分分布范围均小于β组分, 说明在河岸带不同河段的群落构建过程中环境筛选的作用要大于群落内种间的相互作用。(3)性状SLA与LA在群落间和群落内呈现出实际观测和随机模拟的相关性均较低, 暗示了LA和SLA各自代表了植物在不同生态策略上的维度; 但SLA和WD实际观测值和随机模拟值呈现出较强的负相关关系, 暗示这2个性状对于环境筛选表现出较高的整体趋同适应性, 体现了植物功能性状对群落间环境变异的依赖性大于群落内种间相互作用的依赖性。

关键词: 漓江, 河岸带, 功能性状, 尺度变异, 性状梯度分析, 冗余分析, 相关性, 零模型

Abstract:
Aims Patterns of variation in plant functional traits and the correlation among them are important for understanding species coexistence and the maintenance of biodiversity. Our objectives in this study were to understand how variation and correlation of plant functional traits, at both the species and community levels, influence 1) plants adaptation to changing environments, and 2) the mechanisms of community assembly.
Methods We investigated species composition of riparian plant communities in 36 plots along the longitudinal gradient (represented by upstream, midstream, downstream) of the Lijiang River, Guilin, Southwest China. We measured three functional traits for 42 woody plant species: leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and wood density (WD). For each plant community, we calculated 1) species abundance-weighted mean community trait values, and 2) species-level mean trait values. For each of these calculations, we used trait-gradient analysis to partition the three traits into alpha and beta components. We then conducted Pearson correlations to analyze the relationships among the three traits along the longitudinal gradient. Finally we tested the strength of environmental filtering using a null model that generates randomly assembled communities with species richness given by observed values.
Important findings The species abundance-weighted mean community value of LA was lowest in the midstream communities, which was significantly different from that in the downstream communities. The mean community value of WD for midstream and upstream communities was significantly higher than that for downstream communities. Mean community value of SLA was significantly different among the three reaches. The beta components of the three functional traits significantly differed among the three reaches and had observed values that are, on average, lower than simulated values. However, alpha components for all three traits were not significantly different among the three reaches and had consistently lower variation than beta components. This implies that the variation in the mean community trait value across plots was greater than trait variation between species within plots. The observed and simulated values of the alpha components for both LA and SLA were weakly correlated with each other within and among communities, which suggests that there are independent axes of differentiation among coexisting species. On the other hand, comparisons between observed and simulated values indicated that significantly negative correlations between SLA and WD were largely the result of strong environmental filters. Finally, these results imply that variation of plant functional traits is greater among communities than within communities.

Key words: Lijiang River, riparian zone, functional traits, scale variation, trait-gradient analysis, RDA ordination, correlation, null model

梁士楚, 刘润红, 荣春艳, 常斌, 姜勇. 漓江河岸带植物功能性状变异与关联[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(1): 16-26.

LIANG Shi-Chu, LIU Run-Hong, RONG Chun-Yan, CHANG Bin, JIANG Yong. Variation and correlation of plant functional traits in the riparian zone of the Lijiang River, Guilin, Southwest China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(1): 16-26.

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河段 Reach	样方数 Plot number	海拔 Elevation (m)	温度 Temperature (℃)	降水量 Precipitation (mm)	干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	群落类型 Community type
上游 Upstream	3	154	24.7	1 941	轻度 Light	枫杨-石榕树群落 Pterocarya stenoptera-Ficus abelii communities
	3	148	23.0	1 941	轻度 Light	枫杨+朴树-萝芙木群落 Pterocarya stenoptera + Celtis sinensis-?Rauvolfia verticillata communities
	6	144	23.7	1 941	轻度 Light	枫杨+阴香-石榕树群落 Pterocarya stenoptera + Cinnamomum burmannii-Ficus abelii communities
中游 Midstream	4	138	26.0	1 900	重度 High	枫杨+乌桕-细叶水团花群落 Pterocarya stenoptera + Sapium sebiferum-Adina rubella communities
	5	134	25.0	1 900	重度 High	阴香群落 Cinnamomum burmannii communities
	3	104	24.0	1 900	重度 High	枫杨-萝芙木群落Pterocarya stenoptera-?Rauvolfia verticillata communities
下游 Downstream	8	111	30.1	1 900	中度 Middle	乌桕+朴树-牡荆群落Sapium sebiferum + Celtis sinensis-Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia communities
下游 Downstream	4	105	26.8	1 900	中度 Middle	乌桕-木槿群落 Sapium sebiferum + Hibiscus syriacus communities

环境因子 Environmental factor	RDA₁	RDA₂	R²	p
有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	0.40	0.91	0.34	0.002^**
全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	-0.45	0.88	0.19	0.032^*
有效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	-0.74	-0.66	0.57	0.001^***
pH	-0.26	0.96	0.21	0.015^*
干扰强度Disturbance intensity	-0.16	0.98	0.63	0.001^***
距离河岸距离 Distance (m)	-0.85	0.51	0.29	0.004^**
降水量 Precipitation (mm)	-0.66	0.74	0.79	0.001^***
温度 Temperature (℃)	-0.97	0.22	0.50	0.001^***
海拔 Elevation (m)	0.92	-0.38	0.57	0.001^***
河段 Reach	-0.90	0.41	0.88	0.001^***

河段 Reach	功能性状 Functional trait	性状参数 Functional trait parameter
河段 Reach	功能性状 Functional trait	物种性状值 t_i	β 组分 β_i	α 组分 α_i	群落性状值 p_j
上游 Upstream	叶面积 LA (cm²)	1.30 ± 0.35^a	1.36 ± 0.08^a	-0.06 ± 0.34^a	1.34 ± 0.14^ab
	比叶面积 SLA (cm²·g^-1)	2.40 ± 0.13^a	2.40 ± 0.02^a	-0.00 ± 0.13^a	2.39 ± 0.03^a
	木材密度 WD (g·cm^-3)	0.47 ± 0.10^a	0.44 ± 0.02^a	0.03 ± 0.10^a	0.44 ± 0.04^a
中游 Midstream	叶面积 LA (cm²)	1.16 ± 0.32^a	1.24 ± 0.08^b	-0.08 ± 0.27^a	1.26 ± 0.10^a
	比叶面积 SLA (cm²·g^-1)	2.47 ± 0.21^a	2.47 ± 0.06^b	0.01 ± 0.21^a	2.46 ± 0.07^b
	木材密度 WD (g·cm^-3)	0.42 ± 0.12^ab	0.47 ± 0.01^b	-0.04 ± 0.12^a	0.47 ± 0.02^a
下游 Downstream	叶面积 LA (cm²)	1.24 ± 0.32^a	1.45 ± 0.05^c	-0.20 ± 0.30^a	1.46 ± 0.07^b
	比叶面积 SLA (cm²·g^-1)	2.48 ± 0.13^a	2.53 ± 0.02^c	-0.06 ± 0.12^a	2.55 ± 0.03^c
	木材密度 WD (g·cm^-3)	0.36 ± 0.10^b	0.34 ± 0.01^c	0.02 ± 0.10^a	0.34 ± 0.02^b