CO2浓度倍增和土壤干旱对两种幼龄沙生灌木碳分配的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用大型环境生长箱研究了两种幼龄沙地优势灌木柠条 (Caraganaintermedia) 和羊柴 (Hedysarummon golicum) 对CO2 浓度倍增和土壤干旱交互作用的响应。CO2 浓度倍增并没有改善两种沙生灌木叶片的水分状况, 而土壤干旱使叶片的相对含水量 (RWC) 显著降低。在土壤水分充足条件下, CO2 浓度倍增促进两种沙生灌木植株生长, 在干旱条件下则主要促进根的生长, 提高根冠比。土壤干旱显著减少了植株生物量, 但相对促进了根的生长, 特别是显著提高了羊柴的根冠比。CO2 倍增使稳定性碳同位素组分 (δ13 C) 降低, 但土壤干旱使之增加。两种沙生灌木叶片与根部的δ13 C值呈极显著线性关系, 羊柴的斜率大于柠条的, 表明前者叶片与根部在光合产物分配上具有较高的生态可塑性, 这和干旱条件下羊柴的根冠比增加相关联。羊柴的“源库”调节特性反映了对土壤水分胁迫具有较高的耐性。

关键词: CO2浓度倍增, 土壤干旱, 柠条, 羊柴, 生物量, 碳含量, 分配

Abstract:

Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are expected to double around the middle part of the 21 st century. Plant growth might be favored by CO 2 enrichment, but water limitation is a common stress for plant growth and productivity. At present, only a few studies have looked at the combined effects of CO 2 enrichment and drought on plant ecophysiology. This experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of two dominant desert shrubs, Caragana intermedia and Hedysarum mongolicum, in western China to the interaction of doubled CO 2 levels and soil drought in large environmental growth chambers (19 m 2). In this paper, we employed different methods, including allometry and carbon isotope discrimination, to examine the effects of water availability on carbon allocation and stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of the two desert shrubs under two CO 2 concentrations. The objectives included the following: 1) to investigate the effects of soil drought and CO 2 enrichment on plant biomass and δ 13 C; 2) to investigate the effects of soil drought and CO 2 enrichment on the allocation of dry matter and carbohydrates; and 3) to elucidate the adaptive strategies of C. intermedia and H. mongolicum to soil drought under doubled atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Compared to ambient CO 2 concentrations, doubled CO 2 concentrations did not improve the leaf water status, but soil drought significantly reduced the leaf relative water content (RWC). Doubled CO 2 concentrations enhanced plant growth under well-watered conditions but increased root growth under drought conditions resulting in an increase in root to shoot ratios. Soil drought significantly reduced plant biomass and increased root to shoot ratios, especially for H. mongolicum. The δ 13 C values were reduced at doubled CO 2 concentrations but increased under drought conditions. By plotting the leaf δ 13 C values against the root δ 13 C values, it was possible to assess carbon allocation and incorporation into roots in relation to present biomass. There was a significant and linear relationship between leaf δ 13 C and root δ 13 C values, and the slope of H. mongolicum was greater than that of C. intermedia indicated a higher plasticity in the ability to change carbon allocation patterns. This resulted in higher root to shoot ratios in H. mongolicum under drought conditions. The results indicated that both C. intermedia and H. mongolicum had a higher tolerance to severe water deficits under doubled CO 2 conditions. Decreases in precipitation might accompany with future increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations in the region dominated by these two species, suggesting that distribution ranges of C. intermedia and H. mongolicum might be constrained. Our results suggest that H. mongolicum has a higher tolerance to environmental stress than C. intermedia. Future work should emphasize how to enhance the drought tolerance of plants in semiarid region under conditions of CO 2 enrichment.

Key words: Doubled atmospheric CO2, Soil drought, Caragana intermedia, Hedysarum mongolicum, Biomass, Carbon content, Carbon allocation, Global climate change

许振柱, 周广胜, 肖春旺, 王玉辉. CO₂浓度倍增和土壤干旱对两种幼龄沙生灌木碳分配的影响. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 281-288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0036

XU Zhen-Zhu, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, XIAO Chun-Wang, WANG Yu-Hui. INTERACIVE EFFECTS OF DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATIONS AND SOIL DROUGHT ON WHOLE PLANT CARBON ALLOCATION IN TWO DOMINANT DESERT SHRUBS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(2): 281-288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0036

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0036

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I2/281

图/表 6

图1 在CO2浓度倍增 (Doubled) 和正常 (Ambient) 条件下土壤干旱对拧条 (A) 和羊柴 (B) 叶片相对含水量 (RWC) 的影响 WW:土壤水分充足Well_watered SD:干旱处理Soil drought treatment垂直棒指平均值的标准误Vertical bars indicate±SE of the mean (n=6) **:代表在0.01水平上差异显著

Fig.1 Effects of soil drought on leaf relative water content (RWC) of Caragana intermedia (A) and Hedysarum mongolicum (B) under doubled CO2 and ambient conditions An double asterisk indicates the significant difference using LSD test compared with soil drought within the same CO2concentration at 0.01 level

图2 在CO2浓度倍增 (A、C) 和正常 (B、D) 条件下土壤干旱对拧条 (A、B) 和羊柴 (C、D) 生物量的影响 WW, SD, RM, SM, LM, TM和AM分别代表充足水分、干旱、根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量、总生物量和地上部分生物量垂直棒指平均值的标准误 (n=6)

Fig.2 Effects of soil drought on biomass of Caragana intermedia (A, B) and Hedysarum mongolicum (C, D) under doubled CO2 (A, C) and (B, D) ambient conditions WW, SS, RM, SM, LM, TM and AM represent well_watered, soil drought, root biomass, stem biomass, total biomass and above_ground biomass, respectively Vertical bars indicate±SE of the mean

图3 在CO2浓度倍增 (Doubled) 和正常 (Ambient) 条件下土壤干旱对拧条 (A) 和羊柴 (B) 根冠比的影响 WW, SD, **:同图1

Fig.3 Effects of soil drought on ratio between root and shoot of Caragana intermedia (A) and Hedysarum mongolicum (B) under doubled CO2 and ambient conditions See Fig.1

表1 柠条和羊柴地上生物量、根生物量、总生物量和根冠比的三维方差分析

Table 1 Three_way ANOVA in biomass and ratio of root and shoot using in Caragana intermedia and Hedysarum mongolicum

变异来源 Source	df	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass		根生物量 Root biomass		总生物量 Total biomass		根冠比 Ratio of root and shoot
变异来源 Source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
S	1, 83	195.742	0.000	269.125	0.000	278.748	0.000	49.834	0.000
CO₂	1, 83	12.014	0.001	35.215	0.000	23.023	0.000	1.264	0.264
W	1, 83	44.497	0.000	43.096	0.000	56.490	0.000	21.203	0.000
S×CO₂	1, 83	8.745	0.004	24.050	0.000	16.306	0.000	0.025	0.875
S×W	1, 83	28.485	0.000	19.344	0.000	32.624	0.000	7.556	0.007
CO₂×W	1, 83	8.665	0.004	6.644	0.012	10.284	0.002	2.271	0.136
S×CO₂×W	1, 83	5.372	0.023	1.953	0.166	5.301	0.024	0.371	0.544

图4 在CO2浓度倍增 (Doubled) 和正常 (Ambient) 条件下土壤干旱对拧条 (A) 和羊柴 (B) δ 13C值的影响 WW, SD:同图1 See Fig.1垂直棒指平均值的标准误Vertical bars indicate±SE of the mean (n=6)

Fig.4 Effects of soil drought on the δ 13C values leaves and roots of Caragana intermedia (A) and Hedysarum mongolicum (B) under doubled CO2 and ambient conditions

图5 柠条和羊柴叶片与根部δ13C值的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between δ 13C values of leaf and root in Caragana intermadia and Hedysarum mongolicom

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CO₂浓度倍增和土壤干旱对两种幼龄沙生灌木碳分配的影响

INTERACIVE EFFECTS OF DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ CONCENTRATIONS AND SOIL DROUGHT ON WHOLE PLANT CARBON ALLOCATION IN TWO DOMINANT DESERT SHRUBS

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