植物生态学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 487-496.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0065
收稿日期:
2004-06-02
接受日期:
2004-12-14
出版日期:
2005-05-30
发布日期:
2005-05-30
通讯作者:
李庆军
作者简介:
*E-mail: qjlixtbg@bn.yn.cninfo.net基金资助:
WANG Yong-Feng1,2, LI Qing-Jun1,*()
Received:
2004-06-02
Accepted:
2004-12-14
Online:
2005-05-30
Published:
2005-05-30
Contact:
LI Qing-Jun
摘要:
综述了国内外生物源挥发性有机化合物 (Biologicalvolatileorganiccompounds, BVOCs) 研究现状及未来的研究方向, 侧重介绍了陆地生态系统中植物排放BVOCs的种类、生物学功能及其对大气化学过程的影响。BVOCs按其化学结构以及在大气中的滞留时间可以分为 4类 :异戊二烯、单萜、其它活性BVOCs和其它次活性BVOCs。不同的植物类群排放不同的BVOCs种类并具有不同的排放特性, 环境条件对植物不同BVOCs的排放影响也不同。BVOCs作为有机物质被排放到体外, 从植物能量代谢的角度来讲要消耗一部分植物光合作用产物从而降低植物的生产力, 因此推测植物排放BVOCs具有一定的生理学或者生态学的功能。其中比较成熟的假说是抗热胁迫假说, 其次是抗氧化假说, 也有一些其它假说例如促氮同化假说等。但这些假说都还缺乏直接的有力证据, 有待更多的研究来支持。BVOCs被排放到大气中对大气化学过程的影响更是科学家关注的问题, BVOCs对大气的影响一方面是在大气对流层中促进臭氧 (O3 ) 的形成, 造成环境污染, 另一方面BVOCs通过对大气中的OH自由基和臭氧等氧化物浓度的调整而影响到大气中甲烷等温室气体的平衡, 对大气温室效应具有间接的贡献。我国在BVOCs的研究上也做了大量的工作, 包括分析鉴定了一些植物排放的BVOCs, 探讨了环境因子对植物BVOCs排放速率的影响, 从不同尺度估测了BVOCs的排放量等等。今后对BVOCs的研究将会集中在以下几个方面 :1) 进一步研究不同植物类群释放的BVOCs种类及其它们在大气中的理化性质 ;2 ) 继续探讨植物排放BVOCs的合成与代谢途径及其生物学功能 ;3) 研究BVOCs对大气化学过程的作用, 以及区域植被变化对BVOCs排放格局进而对区域乃至全球环境变化的影响 ;4 ) 加强对一些研究比较薄弱的生态系统例如在热带地区所进行的BVOCs研究工作 ;5 ) 进一步建立和完善BVOCs排放的理论模型, 以模拟不同陆地生态系统BVOCs排放的时空动态。
王永峰, 李庆军. 陆地生态系统植物挥发性有机化合物的排放及其生态学功能研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3): 487-496. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0065
WANG Yong-Feng, LI Qing-Jun. BVOCs EMITTED FROM PLANTS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMSAND THEIR ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(3): 487-496. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0065
种类 Species | 在大气中的寿命 Lifetime in air (h) | 化学式 Formula | 全球年排放量 Global emission (Tg C·a-1) | 主要代表物 Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
异戊二烯 Isoprene | 1~2 | C5H8 | 503 | 异戊二烯 Isoprene |
单萜 Monoterpene | 0.5~3 | C10H18 | 127 | α-蒎烯, β-蒎烯 α- pinene, β-pinene |
其它活性BVOCs Other reactive BVOCs | < 24 | CxHyOz | 260 | 甲基丁烯醇, 己烯醛 Methylbutenol, Hexenal |
其它次活性BVOCs Other less reactive BVOCs | > 24 | CxHyOz | 260 | 甲醇, 乙醇, 丙酮 Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone |
表1 生物源挥发性有机化合物 (BVOCs) 的种类及其特性
Table 1 Categories and traits of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)
种类 Species | 在大气中的寿命 Lifetime in air (h) | 化学式 Formula | 全球年排放量 Global emission (Tg C·a-1) | 主要代表物 Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
异戊二烯 Isoprene | 1~2 | C5H8 | 503 | 异戊二烯 Isoprene |
单萜 Monoterpene | 0.5~3 | C10H18 | 127 | α-蒎烯, β-蒎烯 α- pinene, β-pinene |
其它活性BVOCs Other reactive BVOCs | < 24 | CxHyOz | 260 | 甲基丁烯醇, 己烯醛 Methylbutenol, Hexenal |
其它次活性BVOCs Other less reactive BVOCs | > 24 | CxHyOz | 260 | 甲醇, 乙醇, 丙酮 Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone |
图1 光强对橡胶排放α-蒎烯, β-蒎烯和桧烯的影响
Fig.1 Effect of increasing photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) on α-pinene, sabinene and β-pinene emissions of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)
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