西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

季节雨林和橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)林是西双版纳热带森林生态系统中原始林和大面积种植人工林的两种代表类型。热带季节雨林层次结构复杂,多样性丰富,而橡胶林结构简单,乔木层只有橡胶树1种。应用碱吸收法,研究了这两种植被类型土壤呼吸速率、地下5 cm土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率的季节变化规律,以及土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率的关系。结果表明:1)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率都有明显的季节变化,而且两种林型的变化趋势基本一致;2)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度和气温之间具有显著的指数相关关系,显著水平达1%,与地下5 cm温度的相关性(r²分别为0.87和0.82)明显高于与气温的相关性(r²分别是0.80和0.72);3)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水率具有显著的线性相关(r²分别是0.73和0.63),显著水平达1%;4)橡胶林的土壤呼吸速率明显高于季节雨林,这与两种林型的结构有关;5)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸的Q₁₀分别为2.16和2.18,比文献报道的热带土壤的Q₁₀(1.96)稍高。

关键词: 西双版纳, 季节雨林, 橡胶林, 土壤呼吸速率, Q₁₀

Abstract:

Xishuangbanna is the most northerly situated tropical rain forest in the world and, as a result, has remarkable seasonal climate variations, which is different from tropical rain forests in other regions. In Xishuangbanna, the canopy of rubber plantations, Hevea brasiliensis, often form a single layer structure that is different from the multi-layer canopy of tropical seasonal rain forests. The objectives of this study were as the following: 1) to compare the soil respiration characteristics of a rubber plantation and a natural tropical seasonal rainforest using the alkaline absorption technique; 2) to measure seasonal changes in air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil water content and soil respiration rates in two communities; and 3) to evaluate the relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperature, air temperature, and soil water content.
Measurements of soil respiration rates were carried out for one year in a tropical seasonal rain forest in a Nature Reserve (21°57' N, 101°12' E) and a rubber plantation (21°56' N, 101°15' E). The two sites are about 5 km away near the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.
The results showed that there was remarkable seasonal changes in the soil respiration rates in both the tropical seasonal rain forest and rubber plantation with changes in soil temperature at 5 cm depth, air temperature and soil water content. Soil respiration rates of the tropical seasonal rain forest and rubber plantation were greatest in October (9.24 and 11.06 kg CO₂·m^-2·d^-1, respectively), and lowest in February (4.71 and 5.13 kg CO₂·m^-2·d^-1, respectively). Soil respiration rates in May, June, July, August, September and October were higher than those in November, December, January, February, March and April. Soil respiration rates in the rubber plantation were significantly higher than that of the tropical seasonal rain forest (p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between soil respiration rates and soil temperature at 5 cm depth, air temperature, and the correlation between soil respiration rate and soil temperature (r²= 0.87 and r²=0.82, respectively) was higher than that between soil respiration rate and air temperature (r²=0.80 and r²=0.72, respectively) (p<0.01) for the forest and plantation. There was a significant (p<0.01) correlation between soil respiration rates and soil water content in the forest and plantation (r²= 0.73 and r²= 0.63, respectively). The annual CO₂ efflux from the tropical seasonal rain forest and rubber plantation were 2.64 and 2.80 kg CO₂·m^-2·a^-1, respectively. The Q₁₀ values of the tropical seasonal rain forest and rubber plantation were 2.16 and 2.18, respectively. The Q₁₀ value of the tropical seasonal rain forest measured by the alkaline absorption method in our study was slightly higher than values measured using the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography techniques. The Q₁₀ values of the seasonal tropical rain forest and rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna are higher than those reported in other tropical regions.

Key words: Xishuangbanna, Tropical seasonal rain forest, Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation, Soil respiration, Q₁₀

房秋兰, 沙丽清. 西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(1): 97-103. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0014

FANG Qiu-Lan, SHA Li-Qing. SOIL RESPIRATION IN A TROPICAL SEASONAL RAIN FOREST AND RUBBER PLANTATION IN XISHUANGBANNA, YUNNAN, SW CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(1): 97-103. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0014

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0014

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I1/97

图/表 4

表1 热带季节雨林和橡胶林土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil in tropical seasonal rain forest and rubber plantation

群落 Community	pH	土壤有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	土壤有效氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	土壤有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)
热带季节雨林 Tropical seasonal rain forest	4.5	32.2	165.2	2.51
橡胶林 Rubber plantation	4.9	28.0	165.0	6.1

图1 季节雨林(a)、橡胶林(b)气温、土温、土壤含水率与土壤呼吸速率的季节变化图中土壤呼吸数据为12个重复的平均值±标准误差

Fig.1 Seasonal changes in air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil water content and soil respiration rate in two communities,tropical seasonal rain forest (a) and rubber plantation (b) The data were the mean ± standard error of 12 separate measurements

图2 季节雨林(a)、橡胶林(b)土壤呼吸速率与土温、气温的关系图中土壤呼吸数据为12个重复的平均值±标准误差

Fig.2 Relationship between the soil respiration rate of tropical seasonal rain forest (a) and rubber plantation (b) and soil temperature at 5 cm depth, air temperature The data were the mean ± standard error of 12 separate measurements

图3 季节雨林(a)、橡胶林(b)土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水率的关系

Fig.3 Relationship between the soil respiration rate of tropical seasonal rainforest (a) and rubber plantation (b) and soil water content

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