低温对棉纤维比强度形成的生理机制影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过设置播期试验使棉纤维加厚发育过程(铃龄25~50 d)处于不同的温度条件下,研究低温对棉花纤维比强度形成的内在生理机制影响,为采取调控措施解决目前棉花(Gossypium)生产中存在的晚熟劣质问题提供理论依据。两年试验结果表明:棉纤维加厚发育期24.0 ℃左右的日均温是高强纤维形成的最佳温度,其内在生理机制表现为棉纤维蔗糖合成酶活性最高,β_1,3_葡聚糖酶活性最低,纤维素的累积量和累积速率均明显高于其它低温条件,纤维超分子结构取向参数角较小,处于优化状态,最终表现为纤维比强度亦最大;低于21.0 ℃时即对棉纤维加厚发育相关酶活性产生明显影响,纤维比强度降低。当温度降到15.0 ℃左右时,棉纤维蔗糖合成酶活性显著降低,而β-1,3_葡聚糖酶活性显著升高,同时纤维素累积量和累积速率均显著降低,纤维超分子结构取向参数角明显宽化,棉纤维不能正常发育,不利于高强纤维的形成(铃重仅为3.22 g,纤维比强度仅为15.73 cN·tex^-1)。

关键词: 低温, 棉纤维加厚发育, 蔗糖合成酶, β-13_葡聚糖酶, 纤维素含量, 超分子结构, 纤维比强度

Abstract:

It is believed that the thickening process of fiber in cotton is affected by low temperature as late seeding often produces poor quality cotton. Effects of temperature on the physiological mechanisms of cotton fiber strength forming processes were studied to determine whether low temperature was responsible for the bad quality of late maturing cotton by regulating temperature during growth. The results of a 2_year experiment showed that mean daily temperature of 24.0 ℃ during the boll stage between 25 to 50 days formed high_strength cotton fiber. Cotton fiber sucrose synthetase activity was the highest, β_1,3_glucanase activity was the lowest, and cellulose accumulation and accumulation rates were the highest at this temperature. When mean daily temperature was lower than 21.0 ℃, enzyme activity related to cotton fiber thickening development was reduced resulting in lower fiber strength. When mean daily temperature were around 15.0 ℃, the fiber sucrose synthetase activity evidently fell, β_1,3_glucanase activity increased, and quantity of cellulose accumulated and accumulation rate evidently declined. In this case, cotton fiber development was abnormal, and boll weight was only 3.22 g, and fiber strength only 15.73 cN·tex ^-1.

Key words: Low temperature, Cotton fiber thickening development, Sucrose synthetase, β-1,3-glucanase, Cellulose content, Fiber strength

蒋光华, 孟亚利, 陈兵林, 卞海云, 周治国. 低温对棉纤维比强度形成的生理机制影响. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(2): 335-343. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0045

JIANG Guang_Hua, MENG Ya_Li, CHEN Bing_Lin, BIAN Hai_Yun, ZHOU Zhi_Guo. EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF COTTON FIBER STRENGTH FORMING PROCESS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2): 335-343. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0045

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图/表 9

表1 棉纤维加厚发育期日均温(2002~2003)

Table 1 Mean daily temperature during cotton fiber thickening development period (2002-2003)

播种期 Planting dates	开花日期 Blossom dates	日均温 (℃) Mean daily temperature
2002_04_20	2002_07_27	26.0
2002_05_10	2002_08_07	24.0
2002_06_10	2002_09_02	21.3
2002_06_22	2002_09_06	19.6
2003_05_01	2003_08_01	26.2
2003_05_20	2003_08_11	24.5
2003_06_21	2003_09_21	15.8

图1 棉纤维可溶性蛋白含量的动态变化 (2002) -●-26.0 ℃、…○…24.0 ℃、-▼-21.3 ℃、…△…19.6 ℃:分别表示4个播期铃龄25~50 d日均温 Stand for mean daily temperature within boll age of 25 to 50 days for different four planting dates respectively

Fig.1 Dynamic changes of the soluble protein content in cotton fiber (2002)

图2 棉纤维CAT活性(A)和POD活性(B)的动态变化 (2002) 图例同图1

Fig.2 Dynamic changes of the catalase activity (A) and peroxidase activity (B) in cotton fiber (2002) Legends see Fig.1

图3 棉纤维MDA含量的动态变化(2002) 图例同图1

Fig.3 Dynamic changes of the malondiadehycle content in cotton fiber (2002) Legends see Fig.1

图4 棉纤维蔗糖合成酶活性(A,B)和β-1,3_葡聚糖酶活性(C,D)的动态变化 -▲-26.2 ℃、…▽…24.5 ℃、…+…15.8 ℃: 分别表示2003年3个播期铃龄25~50 d日均温 Stand for mean daily temperature within boll age of 25 to 50 days for different three planting dates respectively in 2003

Fig.4 Dynamic changes of the sucrose synthase activity (A,B) andβ-1,3_glucanase activity (C,D) in cotton fiber

图5 棉纤维干重百分率(A,B)和纤维素含量(C,D)的动态变化 (2002~2003) 图例同图4 Legends see Fig.4

Fig.5 Dynamic changes of dry fiber weight ratio (A,B) and cellulose content (C,D) of cotton (2002-2003)

图6 不同温度条件下棉花铃重和衣分的差异 (2002~2003) □:2002年4个播期数据 Data of four seedtimes in 2002 □-:2003年3个播期数据 Data of three seedtimes in 2003

Fig.6 Difference of boll weight and lint percent of cotton in different temperature conditions (2002-2003)

图7 不同温度条件下棉纤维取向分散角(A)、螺旋角(B)和取向分布角(C)的差异(2002~2003) 图例见图6 Legends see Fig.6

Fig.7 Difference of fiber orientational separate angle (A),spiral angle (B) and orientational distribution angle (C) of cotton in different temperature conditions (2002-2003)

图8 不同温度条件下棉花纤维比强度的差异 (2002~2003) 图例见图6 Legends see Fig.6

Fig.8 Difference of fiber strength of cotton in different temperature conditions (2002-2003)

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