乌兰布和沙漠梭梭茎干液流对降雨脉冲的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0168

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 1172-1179.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0168 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0168

乌兰布和沙漠梭梭茎干液流对降雨脉冲的响应

韩雨晴¹, 熊伟¹^,^*(), 吴波¹, 卢琦¹, 杨文斌¹, 刘雅莉¹, 张景波²^,³, 辛智鸣²^,³, 马迎宾²^,³, 廉泓林⁴, 王思涵⁵

¹中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所, 北京 100091
²中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心, 内蒙古磴口 015200
³内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位研究站, 内蒙古磴口 015200
⁴科尔沁左翼中旗水务局, 内蒙古通辽 029300
⁵内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院, 呼和浩特 010019

收稿日期:2023-06-13 接受日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-04-29
通讯作者: *熊伟(xwcaf@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971724);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD00301-02)

Responses of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in Ulan Buh Desert

HAN Yu-Qing¹, XIONG Wei¹^,^*(), WU Bo¹, LU Qi¹, YANG Wen-Bin¹, LIU Ya-Li¹, ZHANG Jing-Bo²^,³, XIN Zhi-Ming²^,³, MA Ying-Bin²^,³, LIAN Hong-Lin⁴, WANG Si-Han⁵

¹Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
²Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, Nei Mongol 015200, China
³Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in Nei Mongol, Dengkou, Nei Mongol 015200, China
⁴Water Bureau of Horqin Zuoyi Zhongqi, Tongliao, Nei Mongol 029300, China
⁵College of Desert Management, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China

Received:2023-06-13 Accepted:2023-12-21 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-04-29
Contact: *XIONG Wei (xwcaf@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971724);Major Science and Technology Project of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region(2019ZD00301-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

量化荒漠植物生态水文过程对降雨脉冲的响应是理解气候变化对旱区生态系统影响的关键。为深入理解乌兰布和沙漠梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)人工林中梭梭对降雨脉冲的响应, 于2020年6-10月, 应用热扩散技术和气象水文学方法观测了梭梭茎干液流速率(SFD)、人工林微气象因素和土壤水分含量, 结果表明: (1)在研究期内选择的17场降雨事件中, 降雨后梭梭茎干SFD日均值为0.044 g·cm^-2·min^-1, 是雨前的1.16倍。其中9场降雨后SFD日变化曲线由雨前的“双峰型”变为“单峰型”; 另外8场降雨则明显改变了梭梭茎干SFD日变化的特征值: 降雨后梭梭茎干液流的启动时间由降雨前的8:00提前至7:00左右, 其平均峰值也由降雨前的0.067增至0.085 g·cm^-2·min^-1, 且在峰值区间维持时间也明显延长。 (2)阈值-延迟模型(T-D)可以较好地描述梭梭茎干SFD对降雨脉冲的响应过程; 其最低降雨响应阈值为0.8 mm, 滞后时间为1.71 d。(3)梭梭茎干SFD与气温、饱和水汽压差、太阳辐射、风速和土壤体积含水量均呈显著正相关关系, 与相对湿度呈显著负相关关系, 但与降雨量无显著相关关系, 说明降雨输入会通过改变梭梭的水分生理特性和土壤水分条件来间接影响其液流的变化。该研究结果有助于深入了解荒漠植物水分利用特征及其对气候变化的响应机制, 对于人工固沙林的可持续经营与管理具有重要意义。

关键词: 降雨脉冲, 梭梭, 液流, 土壤水分, 阈值-延迟模型

Abstract:

Aims Quantifying the responses of eco-hydrological processes of desert plants to rainfall pulses is the key to understand the impact of climate change in dryland ecosystem. Our objective was to explore the responses of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in a H. ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert.

Methods From June to October 2020, the stem sap flow of H. ammodendron, micrometeorological factors and soil moisture in the plantation were continuously observed by thermal diffusion probes as well as the hydrometeorological methods, to analyze the characteristics of stem sap flux density (SFD) of H. ammodendron and its response to rainfall.

Important findings (1) The average daily SFD was 0.044 g·cm^-2·min^-1 after the rain, which was 1.16 times of that before the rain among the selected 17 rainfall events during the study period. The diurnal variation of SFD were changed from “bimodal pattern” before rain to “unimodal pattern” after rain for 9 of the all events. The characteristic value of daily SFD fluctuation were obviously changed after the other 8 rains. For example, the initiation time of SFD after rain were earlier from 8:00 before rain to 7:00 in the morning. And its peak values of daily SFD were also increased from 0.067 g·cm^-2·min^-1 before rain to 0.085 g·cm^-2·min^-1, and the duration of the peak interval was significantly extended. (2) The impacts of rainfall pulses on the sap flow of H. ammodendron could be well described with the threshold delay model (T-D model). And the lowest rainfall threshold and the lag time of SFD responded to rain were 0.8 mm and 1.71 d, respectively, indicating that the sap flow of this shrub species was sensitive to rainfall pulses and had a certain lag. (3) The SFD of H. ammodendron was significantly positive correlated with atmospheric temperature, vapor pressure deficit, solar radiation, wind speed and soil volumetric water content, and significantly negative correlated with the relative humidity, but no significant correlated with rainfall, suggesting that SFD of H. ammodendronwould be indirectly affected by rainfall pulses by changing the physiological characteristics of the species as well as soil water condition. Our results are helpful to further understand the water use characteristics of desert plants and their response to climate change, and are of great significance for the sustainable management of artificial sand-fixation forests in future.

Key words: rainfall pulses, Haloxylon ammodendron, sap flow, soil moisture, threshold-delay model

韩雨晴, 熊伟, 吴波, 卢琦, 杨文斌, 刘雅莉, 张景波, 辛智鸣, 马迎宾, 廉泓林, 王思涵. 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭茎干液流对降雨脉冲的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1172-1179. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0168

HAN Yu-Qing, XIONG Wei, WU Bo, LU Qi, YANG Wen-Bin, LIU Ya-Li, ZHANG Jing-Bo, XIN Zhi-Ming, MA Ying-Bin, LIAN Hong-Lin, WANG Si-Han. Responses of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in Ulan Buh Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1172-1179. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0168

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0168

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1172

图/表 7

表1 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林固定样地茎干液流测定样株的基本特征

Table 1 Characteristics of sample trees for sap flow measurement in a fixed plot of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert

编号 Number	株高 Plant height (m)	平均地径 Mean DGH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown width (m)
1	3.5	9.0	5.1
2	3.6	8.5	4.9
3	3.6	5.2	4.0
4	3.4	10.8	4.5
5	2.7	10.0	3.0
6	2.0	7.5	2.2
7	2.8	4.6	2.7
8	2.9	4.0	3.1
9	1.8	2.8	1.2

图1 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林2020年6-10月降雨量和降雨强度的频率分布。

Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of rainfall classes and rainfall intensities in a fixed plot of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert during June to October 2020.

图2 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林研究期内降雨量与各层土壤体积含水量的动态变化。

Fig. 2 Variation of rainfall and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) at different layers during the study period in a fixed plot of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert.

图3 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林降雨后5天内土壤剖面各层体积含水量与降雨量的相关关系。

Fig. 3 Correlation between soil volumetric water content in each layer and rainfall within five days after rain in a fixed plot of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert.

图4 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林降雨前后梭梭茎干液流密度日平均值及最大值对比(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 4 Comparison of the daily mean and the maximum of stem sap flux density of Haloxylon ammodendron before and after rain in a fixed plot of H. ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert (mean ± SE).

图5 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林梭梭茎干液流密度日变化对降雨脉冲的两种不同响应方式(平均值±标准误)。A, 峰型变化。B, 特征值变化。

Fig. 5 Two different response modes of diurnal variation of stem sap flux density of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in a fixed plot of H. ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert (mean ± SE). A, Peak pattern changes. B, Characteristic values changes.

表2 乌兰布和沙漠梭梭人工林梭梭茎干液流密度与环境因子和土壤体积含水量之间的相关分析

Table 2 Correlation between sap flux density of Haloxylon ammodendron and environmental factors and soil volumetric water content at different depths in a fixed plot of H. ammodendron plantation in the Ulan Buh Desert

	环境因子 Environmental factor	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
微气象因子 Meteorological factor	降雨量 P	0.108
	温度 T	0.624^**
	相对湿度 RH	-0.471^**
	饱和水汽压差 VPD	0.738^**
	太阳辐射 R	0.812^**
	风速 WS	0.302^**
土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	0-20	0.182^**
	20-40	0.606^**
	40-60	0.537^**
	60-80	0.487^**
	80-100	0.557^**
	100-200	0.601^**

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乌兰布和沙漠梭梭茎干液流对降雨脉冲的响应

Responses of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in Ulan Buh Desert

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