南亚热带常绿阔叶林林冠不同部位藤本植物的光合生理特征及其对环境因子的适应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00567

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对南亚热带常绿阔叶林中着生在林冠层不同部位的4种藤本植物(白背瓜馥木(Fissistigma glaucescens)、瓜子金(Dischidia chinensis)、蔓九节(Psychotria serpens)和山蒌(Piper hancei))的光合生理生态特性进行比较, 探讨着生在林冠不同部位的藤本植物的光合生理特性随光照、温度、湿度等变化的规律。结果表明, 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林微生境由上至下发生了较大变化, 相对于林内, 冠层顶部具有高温、高光强、低湿度的特征。受这些变化的环境因子的影响, 着生在林冠不同部位的藤本植物之间的光合生理特征存在着较大差异: 着生于林冠层中上部的瓜子金和蔓九节的最大净光合速率分别为(2.9 ± 0.6)和(6.3 ± 1.3) μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, 光饱和点为(168.5 ± 83.4)和(231.4 ± 147.8) μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 显著小于位于冠层下部的白背瓜馥木和山蒌的最大净光合速率值(8.9 ± 2.9)和(8.6 ± 2.3) μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1以及光饱和点值(491.6 ± 230.8)和(402.3 ± 112.8) μmol·m^-2·s^-1。瓜子金和蔓九节的光补偿点值为(16.1 ± 5.9)和(10.1 ± 5.7) μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 水分利用效率值为(11.5 ± 3.9)和(8.7 ± 1.6) μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O, 显著大于林内的白背瓜馥木和山蒌的光补偿点值(5.6 ± 1.9)和(5.4 ± 1.7) μmol·m^-2·s^-1以及水分利用效率值(6.7 ± 1.8)和(6.8 ± 1.3) μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O。这些光合生理指标的变化显示出植物对不同的温度、光照、湿度的适应, 是植物适应环境条件的重要表现。

关键词: 鼎湖山自然保护区, 常绿阔叶林, 林冠, 光合生理特性, 藤本植物

Abstract:

Aims Vines are important floristic and ecological elements in forests of tropical and subtropical areas; however, few studies have provided information on the photosynthetic characteristics of vines. Our purpose is to characterize the photosynthetic traits of major canopy-dwelling vines in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern China.

Methods We compared the photosynthetic characteristics of two upper-canopy vines (Dischidia chinensis and Psychotria serpens) and two lower-canopy vines (Fissistigma glaucescens and Piper hancei) in Dinghushan Nature Reserve. We measured maximum photosynthetic rate (A_max), light saturation point (Lsp), light compensation point (Lcp), respiration in light (R_day), convexity (K), apparent quantum yield (Φ), transpiration rate (T_r) and water utilization efficiency (WUE) using a LI-6400 system. We also determined environmental factors inside and outside the canopy.

Important findings Differences of photosynthetic characteristics between the upper and lower canopy-dwelling vines can be largely explained by differences in environmental factors such as photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), temperature and humidity within the forest canopy. Vines located in the upper canopy have lower annual mean A_max and LSP compared with those located in the lower canopy. A_maxvalues of the upper canopy vines D. chinensis and Psychotria serpens are (2.9 ± 0.6) and (6.3 ± 1.3) μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, and their LSP values are (168.5 ± 83.4) and (231.4 ± 147.8) μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The A_max values of F. glaucescens and Piper hancei are (8.9 ± 2.9) and (8.6 ± 2.3) μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, and the LSP values are (491.6 ± 230.8) and (402.3 ± 112.8) μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The lower canopy vines have lower LCP compared with the upper canopy vines. The LCP values are (5.6 ± 1.9) and (5.4 ± 1.7) μmol·m^-2·s^-1for F. glaucescens and Piper hancei, respectively and (16.1 ± 5.9) and (10.1 ± 5.7) μmol·m^-2·s^-1for D. chinensis and Psychotria serpens, respectively. WUE values showed the same pattern, with values of (6.7 ± 1.8) and (6.8 ± 1.3) μmol CO₂·mmol·H₂O for F. glaucescens and Piper hancei, respectively, and (11.5 ± 3.9) and (8.7 ± 1.6) μmol CO₂·mmol^-1 H₂O for D. chinensis and Psychotria serpens, respectively.

Key words: Dinghushan Nature Reserve, evergreen broad-leaved forest, forest canopy, photosynthetic characteristics, vines

江浩, 周国逸, 黄钰辉, 刘世忠, 唐旭利. 南亚热带常绿阔叶林林冠不同部位藤本植物的光合生理特征及其对环境因子的适应. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(5): 567-576. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00567

JIANG Hao, ZHOU Guo-Yi, HUANG Yu-Hui, LIU Shi-Zhong, TANG Xu-Li. Photosynthetic characteristics of canopy-dwelling vines in lower subtropical evergreen broad- leaved forest and response to environmental factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(5): 567-576. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00567

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I5/567

图/表 5

表1 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林4种藤本附生植物在林冠中的分布和相对优势度

Table 1 Distribution and relative dominance of four epiphytic vines in the canopy of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan

种名 Species	生活型 Life form	群落中垂直方向分布 Vertical distribution in community	相对优势度 Relative dominance
瓜子金 Dischidia chinensis	附生藤本 Epiphytic vines	冠层顶部 Upper canopy	7.46%
蔓九节 Psychotria serpens	附生藤本 Epiphytic vines	冠层中上部 Upper canopy	7.80%
白背瓜馥木 Fissistigma glaucescens	攀援藤本 Climbing vines	冠层中下部 Lower canopy	4.97%
山蒌 Piper hancei	攀援藤本 Climbing vines	冠层中下部 Lower canopy	8.31%

图1 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林冠内外月平均气温(T) (A)、相对空气湿度(RH) (B)和月总光合有效辐射(PAR) (C) (平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 1 Monthly mean air temperature (T) (A), relative humidity (RH) (B) and total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (C) inside and outside of canopy in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan (mean ± SD).

图2 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林冠4种藤本植物的光响应曲线(平均值±标准偏差, n = 12)。A. 林冠内部植物。B. 林冠顶植物。a, 山蒌; b, 白背瓜馥木; c, 蔓九节; d, 瓜子金。

Fig. 2 Light-response curves of four vines in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan (mean ± SD, n = 12). A. Lower-canopy vines. B. Upper canopy vines. a, Piper hancei; b, Fissistigma glaucescens; c, Psychotria serpens; d, Dischidia chinensis. Pn, net photosynthetic rate. Q, light intensity.

表2 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林4种藤本植物的光响应曲线的特征参数(平均值±标准偏差, n = 12)

Table 2 Characteristic parameters of light-response curves of four vines in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan (mean ± SD, n = 12)

种名 Species	最大净光合速率 A_max(μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	表观量子速率 Φ	曲角 K	光下呼吸速率 R_day (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点 Lcp (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光饱和点 Lsp (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
瓜子金 Dischidia chinensis	2.9 ± 0.6^a	0.067 ± 0.024^a	0.865 ± 0.103^a	0.83 ± 0.38^a	16.1 ± 5.9^a	168.5 ± 83.4^a
蔓九节 Psychotria serpens	6.3 ± 1.7^a	0.099 ± 0.026^a	0.835 ± 0.053^a	1.00 ± 0.72^a	10.7 ± 5.7^a	231.4 ± 147.8^a
白背瓜馥木 Fissistigma glaucescens	8.9 ± 2.9^b	0.116 ± 0.009^a	0.691 ± 0.085^a	0.65 ± 0.24^a	5.6 ± 1.9^b	491.6 ± 230.8^b
山蒌 Piper hancei	8.6 ± 2.3^b	0.106 ± 0.020^a	0.749 ± 0.088^a	0.46 ± 0.04^a	5.4 ± 1.7^b	402.3 ± 112.8^b

图3 鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林4种藤本植物的蒸腾速率(I)和水分利用效率(II) (平均值±标准偏差, n = 12)。A, 山蒌; B, 白背瓜馥木; C, 蔓九节; D, 瓜子金。不同小写字母表示不同种间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Transportation rate (Tr) (I) and water use efficiency (WUE) (II) of the four vines in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan (mean ± SD, n = 12). A, Piper hancei; B, Fissistigma glaucescens; C, Psychotria serpens; D, Dischidia chinensis. Different small letters within columns indicate significant differences among different species at p < 0.05 level.

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