海南岛热带低地雨林老龄林木本植物幼苗的功能性状分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用功能性状的研究方法能有效地利用植物的生理、形态和生活史等特征, 揭示性状对物种共存的影响。以往有关热带林的群落生态学分析中, 基本上都是以胸径(DBH) ≥ 1 cm 以上的个体为对象, 而对 DBH < 1 cm的幼苗很少关注。该文以海南岛典型的热带低地雨林老龄林内幼苗多度最大的16个物种的幼苗为研究对象, 详细测定了4种功能性状: 比叶面积( SLA)、叶干物质比例(LMF)、比茎密度(SSD)和茎干物质比例(SMF), 分析了这些性状之间及其与幼苗高度的关系。结果表明: SLA和LMF随幼苗高度增加而显著减小, SSD和SMF随幼苗高度增加而显著增加; 幼苗功能性状在不同的生长阶段均达到显著差异; 乔木和灌木幼苗的各功能性状均无显著差异, 藤本植物幼苗的各功能性状与前两种生长型植物有显著差异; 乔木、灌木通过低的SLA、LMF和高的SMF来适应热带低地老龄林的林下低光环境, 藤本植物则通过相反的策略实现在老龄林中的共存; 幼苗通过调节各功能性状之间的权衡来适应环境。

关键词: 生长型, 叶干物质比例, 比叶面积, 比茎密度, 茎干物质比例

Abstract:

Aims The traits of seedlings are often directly related to the performance and function of adult plants in an ecosystem. Measurements of seedling traits are easy and accurate compared to adult traits. Many studies have been conducted on the trait-based assembly of trees in tropical forests in recent years; however, studies on functional traits of seedlings with diameter at breast height (DBH) < 1 cm are scarce. Our objective was to explore the variation of functional traits of woody seedlings in the old-growth tropical lowland rain forest on Hainan Island, China.
Methods We selected the 16 most abundant species of woody plant seedling with a DBH < 1 cm. They represented three growth forms: trees (nine species), shrubs (three species) and lianas (four species). They were also grouped into four growth stages according to the seedling height ( H) classes: I (5 ≤ H < 20 cm), II (20 ≤ H < 40 cm), III (40 ≤ H < 80 cm) and IV (80 ≤ H < 120 cm). The major functional traits of these seedlings, specific leaf area ( SLA), leaf mass fraction (LMF), specific stem density (SSD) and stem mass fraction (SMF) were measured. We assessed the variation in seedling functional traits among different growth forms and height classes and examined the correlations among functional traits.
Important findings There were significant differences among varied growth stages in seedling functional traits.SLA and LMF decreased gradually, butSMF increased with the growth stages of seedlings. SSD was lowest in the first growth stage, but showed no significant difference among the subsequent three growth stages. There were no significant differences between trees and shrubs for any functional traits. Seedlings adapt to the stressful rainforest understory environment (such as low light) by decreasing SLA andLMF and increasing SMF. However, lianas adapt to the environment through the opposite strategy. There were significant correlations between the different functional traits of seedlings. Our study suggests that the seedlings of different growth forms in the tropical lowland rainforest adapt to their environment by changing the value of different functional traits.

Key words: growth form, leaf mass fraction, specific leaf area, specific stem density, stem mass fraction

路兴慧, 丁易, 臧润国, 邹正冲, 黄卢标. 海南岛热带低地雨林老龄林木本植物幼苗的功能性状分析. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(12): 1300-1309. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01300

LU Xing-Hui, DING Yi, ZANG Run-Guo, ZOU Zheng-Chong, HUANG Lu-Biao. Analysis of functional traits of woody plant seedlings in an old-growth tropical lowland rain forest on Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(12): 1300-1309. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01300

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01300

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I12/1300

图/表 5

表1 目标物种及其生长型列表

Table 1 List of target species and their growth forms

物种 Species	科名 Family	生长型 Growth form
托盘青冈 Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis	壳斗科 Fagaceae	乔木 Tree
乌柿 Diospyros cathayensis	柿科 Ebenaceae	乔木 Tree
黄杞 Engelhardia roxburghiana	胡桃科 Juglandaceae	乔木 Tree
岭南山竹子 Garcinia oblongifolia	藤黄科 Guttiferae	乔木 Tree
芳槁润楠 Machilus suaveolens	樟科 Lauraceae	乔木 Tree
海南暗罗 Polyalthia laui	番荔枝科 Annonaceae	乔木 Tree
油楠 Sindora glabra	苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae	乔木 Tree
丛花山矾 Symplocos poilanei	山矾科 Symplocaceae	乔木 Tree
青梅 Vatica mangachapoi	龙脑香科 Dipterocarpaceae	乔木 Tree
高脚罗伞 Ardisia quinquegona	紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae	灌木 Shrub
白茶 Koilodepas hainanense	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	灌木 Shrub
九节 Psychotria rubra	茜草科 Rubiaceae	灌木 Shrub
两广檀 Dalbergia benthami	蝶形花科 Papilionaceae	藤本 Liana
买麻藤 Gnetum montanum	买麻藤科 Gnetaceae	藤本 Liana
山橙 Melodinus suaveolens	夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae	藤本 Liana
锡叶藤 Tetracera asiatica	五桠果科 Dilleniaceae	藤本 Liana

图1 功能性状与幼苗高度间的线性回归关系。

Fig. 1 Linear regression plots illustrating the relationship between seedling height and functional traits. LMF, leaf mass fraction; SLA, specific leaf area; SMF, stem mass fraction; SSD, specific stem density.

图2 不同高度级幼苗功能性状的比较(平均值±标准偏差)。箱线图上不同字母(a, b, c, d)表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Comparison in seedlings functional traits among different height classes (mean ± SD). Different letters (a, b, c, d) above the box plot indicate significant difference at p < 0.05. LMF, leaf mass fraction; SLA, specific leaf area; SMF, stem mass fraction; SSD, specific stem density. I, 5 cm ≤ H < 20 cm; II, 20 cm ≤ H < 40 cm; III, 40 cm ≤ H < 80 cm; IV, 80 cm ≤ H < 120 cm.

图3 不同生长型幼苗功能性状的比较(平均值±标准偏差)。箱线图上不同字母(a, b)表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparison of seedlings functional traits among different growth forms (mean ± SD). Different letters (a, b) above the box plot indicate significant difference at p < 0.05. LMF, leaf mass fraction; SLA, specific leaf area; SMF, stem mass fraction; SSD, specific stem density.

表2 功能性状的Pearson相关系数

Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients among functional traits (n = 640)

	SLA	LMF	SSD
LMF	0.11**
SSD	-0.15***	-0.11**
SMF	-0.08	-0.98***	0.11**

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