植物生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 511-521.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00511
收稿日期:
2012-02-13
接受日期:
2012-04-11
出版日期:
2012-02-13
发布日期:
2012-06-04
通讯作者:
王天明
作者简介:
*(E-mail:wangtianming@bnu.edu.cn)
SUN Xiao-Peng, WANG Tian-Ming*(), KOU Xiao-Jun, GE Jian-Ping
Received:
2012-02-13
Accepted:
2012-04-11
Online:
2012-02-13
Published:
2012-06-04
Contact:
WANG Tian-Ming
摘要:
泾河流域土地开发历史悠久, 是黄土高原水土流失的典型区域。研究气候变化和人类活动影响下泾河流域的植被覆盖变化及其原因, 对黄土高原的植被恢复、水土保持和景观管理等都具有重要意义。该研究应用GIMMS归一化植被指数NDVI、土地覆盖分类数据和气候数据, 采用趋势分析和相关分析方法, 研究了泾河流域1982-2005年植被覆盖变化趋势及其驱动因素。研究表明: 泾河流域24年间79.64%的区域NDVI无显著变化趋势, NDVI趋势显著增加的区域占16.33%, 主要集中在流域中部和南部, NDVI趋势显著减小的区域占4.03%, 主要集中在流域北部。流域所有气象站点的降水量均无显著变化趋势, 气温均呈显著升高趋势。分析发现气候变化不能很好地解释NDVI趋势的空间分异, 人为因素更为重要。从土地利用分析结果来看, NDVI不同趋势下各土地利用类型比例无明显变化, 但NDVI显著增加区以耕地为主, 显著减小区以草地为主, 由此推断NDVI的显著增加趋势主要由耕地NDVI增加引起, 显著减小趋势可能与林地减少和草地退化有关。通过分析不同分区的土地利用数据和社会经济资料, 着重探讨了造成植被覆盖显著变化趋势的人为因素。
孙晓鹏, 王天明, 寇晓军, 葛剑平. 黄土高原泾河流域长时间序列的归一化植被指数动态变化及其驱动因素分析. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(6): 511-521. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00511
SUN Xiao-Peng, WANG Tian-Ming, KOU Xiao-Jun, GE Jian-Ping. Normalized difference vegetation index dynamic change and its driving factor analysis with long time series in the Jinghe River watershed on the Loess Plateau of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(6): 511-521. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00511
图1 泾河流域位置及主要植被分布(据中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会, 2001)。
Fig. 1 The location and vegetation distribution of Jinghe River watershed (According to the Editorial Board of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2001).
图2 泾河流域1982-2005年归一化植被指数(NDVI)趋势分析(A)及显著性检验(B)。
Fig. 2 Trend analysis (A) and significant test (B) of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in Jinghe River watershed from 1982 to 2005.
图3 泾河流域气象站点1982-2005年降水量(A)和气温(B)趋势。
Fig. 3 Precipitation (A) and air temperature (B) trends of meteorological stations in Jinghe River watershed from 1982 to 2005.
站点编号 Station code | 站点名称 Station name | NDVI趋势 NDVI trend | 降水趋势 P trend | 气温趋势 T trend | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rNDVI-P | rNDVI-T | |||||
53821 | 环县 Huanxian | - | + | +** | 0.6205* | -0.3899 |
53829 | 庆阳 Qingyang | + | - | +** | 0.3764 | -0.1807 |
53915 | 平凉 Pingliang | + | + | +** | 0.4417* | 0.0050 |
53923 | 西峰 Xifeng | + | + | +** | 0.3545 | -0.1672 |
53924 | 灵台 Lingtai | +* | - | +** | 0.4631* | 0.2400 |
53925 | 镇原 Zhenyuan | + | + | +** | 0.3725 | -0.0002 |
53926 | 泾川 Jingchuan | +** | - | +* | 0.4512* | 0.0367 |
53927 | 华亭 Huating | - | - | +** | 0.3920 | -0.4566* |
53928 | 崇信 Chongxin | + | + | +** | 0.5196* | 0.0073 |
53929 | 长武 Changwu | + | - | +** | 0.4392* | -0.1045 |
53930 | 华池 Huachi | - | + | +** | 0.3514 | -0.4181* |
53934 | 合水 Heshui | + | + | +** | 0.4352* | 0.0788 |
53935 | 正宁 Zhengning | + | - | +** | -0.0156 | 0.2346 |
53937 | 宁县 Ningxian | +* | - | +** | 0.4052* | 0.2305 |
53938 | 旬邑 Xunyi | +** | - | +* | 0.1580 | 0.1565 |
57023 | 彬县 Binxian | + | - | +** | 0.3563 | 0.0356 |
57029 | 礼泉 Liquan | + | - | +** | 0.2643 | 0.0235 |
57030 | 永寿 Yongshou | +** | - | +** | 0.0117 | 0.3140 |
57033 | 泾阳 Jingyang | - | - | +** | 0.1206 | -0.2314 |
表1 泾河流域站点缓冲区趋势分析
Table 1 Trend analysis of the station buffer area in Jinghe River watershed
站点编号 Station code | 站点名称 Station name | NDVI趋势 NDVI trend | 降水趋势 P trend | 气温趋势 T trend | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rNDVI-P | rNDVI-T | |||||
53821 | 环县 Huanxian | - | + | +** | 0.6205* | -0.3899 |
53829 | 庆阳 Qingyang | + | - | +** | 0.3764 | -0.1807 |
53915 | 平凉 Pingliang | + | + | +** | 0.4417* | 0.0050 |
53923 | 西峰 Xifeng | + | + | +** | 0.3545 | -0.1672 |
53924 | 灵台 Lingtai | +* | - | +** | 0.4631* | 0.2400 |
53925 | 镇原 Zhenyuan | + | + | +** | 0.3725 | -0.0002 |
53926 | 泾川 Jingchuan | +** | - | +* | 0.4512* | 0.0367 |
53927 | 华亭 Huating | - | - | +** | 0.3920 | -0.4566* |
53928 | 崇信 Chongxin | + | + | +** | 0.5196* | 0.0073 |
53929 | 长武 Changwu | + | - | +** | 0.4392* | -0.1045 |
53930 | 华池 Huachi | - | + | +** | 0.3514 | -0.4181* |
53934 | 合水 Heshui | + | + | +** | 0.4352* | 0.0788 |
53935 | 正宁 Zhengning | + | - | +** | -0.0156 | 0.2346 |
53937 | 宁县 Ningxian | +* | - | +** | 0.4052* | 0.2305 |
53938 | 旬邑 Xunyi | +** | - | +* | 0.1580 | 0.1565 |
57023 | 彬县 Binxian | + | - | +** | 0.3563 | 0.0356 |
57029 | 礼泉 Liquan | + | - | +** | 0.2643 | 0.0235 |
57030 | 永寿 Yongshou | +** | - | +** | 0.0117 | 0.3140 |
57033 | 泾阳 Jingyang | - | - | +** | 0.1206 | -0.2314 |
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表2 归一化植被指数(NDVI)趋势不显著、显著增加、显著减小区土地利用类型变化
Table 2 Changes of the land use types in no trend area, positive area and negative area of normalized diference vegetation index (NDVI)
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图4 泾河流域1990-2005年粮食单位面积产量和复种指数的变化(据耿艳辉等, 2008)。
Fig. 4 Changes of grain yield per unit area and multiple crop index in Jinghe River watershed from 1990 to 2005 (According to Geng et al., 2008).
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