棉花苞叶光呼吸和PSII热耗散对土壤水分的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新疆气候生态条件下, 采用膜下滴灌植棉技术, 设置不同滴灌水分处理, 研究了不同滴灌量条件下棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)苞叶和叶片碳同化、光呼吸作用、光系统II (PSII)热耗散作用及其光破坏防御机制的差异, 以揭示滴灌节水条件下棉花苞叶缓解光抑制的机理及与棉花抗旱特性的关系。结果表明: 棉花开花后苞叶及叶片在高温强光下实际光化学效率(Φ_PSII)显著降低, 发生明显的光抑制现象, 但苞叶的光抑制程度较叶片轻; 与正常滴灌量处理相比, 节水滴灌条件下棉花水分亏缺, 叶片净光合速率(P_n)、Φ_PSII、光呼吸(P_r)、光化学猝灭系数(q_P)降低, 非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高, 叶片光抑制程度加重, 而苞叶P_n、Φ_PSII、P_r、q_P、NPQ变化不大, 与正常滴灌量处理相比, 光抑制程度无显著差异。苞叶光呼吸速率与光合速率的比值(P_r/P_n)显著高于叶片; 滴灌节水条件下棉花适度水分亏缺对苞叶光呼吸及P_r/P_n无显著影响。高温强光下, 棉花节水滴灌对叶片PSII量子产量的转化与分配影响显著, 但对苞叶的影响不显著; 苞叶非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NPQ))高于叶片, 因此能有效地将PSII的过剩光能以热的形式耗散。综上所述, 与叶片相比, 苞叶对轻度水分亏缺不敏感, 是棉花适应干旱逆境较强的器官, 苞叶光呼吸和热耗散作用对光破坏防御具有重要意义。

关键词: 苞叶, 棉花, 光抑制, 光呼吸, 光破坏防御机制, 热耗散, 节水灌溉

Abstract:

Aims Photorespiration and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in photosystem II (PSII) were studied in bracts and leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants, in order to investigate the photoprotective mechanisms and drought tolerance in cotton bracts under field conditions of water-saving drip irrigations.
Methods Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of PSII were analyzed in bracts and leaves of cotton plants after anthesis. The study was conducted with two treatments comprising normal drip irrigation (5228.5 m³·hm^-2) and water-saving drip irrigation (3874.1 m³·hm^-2) under field conditions.
Important findings The actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Φ_PSII) decreased in both bracts and leaves of cotton plants after anthesis under water-saving drip irrigation, but the magnitude of decrease was less in bracts than in leaves. Results showed the bracts experienced less severe photoinhibition than leaves. The rate of net photosynthesis (P_n), Φ_PSII, net photorespiration (P_r), photochemical quenching (q_P), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased in the leaves of cotton plants under water-saving drip irrigation, but no significant difference was observed in the bracts. With decreasing water supply, the P_r/P_n in bracts was much higher than that in leaves and water deficit had no significant effect on the P_r/P_n in bracts. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) was higher in bracts than in leaves under high irradiance and temperature conditions, and that the thermal dissipation in bracts was not susceptible to water deficit, thus protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage. Overall, both photorespiration and energy dissipation in bracts were found to alleviate photoinhibition and played important roles in protecting PSII in cotton plants.

Key words: bract, cotton, photoinhibition, photorespiration, photoprotection mechanisms, thermal dissipation, water-saving drip irrigation

张超, 占东霞, 张鹏鹏, 张亚黎, 罗宏海, 张旺锋. 棉花苞叶光呼吸和PSII热耗散对土壤水分的响应. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(4): 387-395. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00035

ZHANG Chao, ZHAN Dong-Xia, ZHANG Peng-Peng, ZHANG Ya-Li, LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Wang-Feng. Responses of photorespiration and thermal dissipation in PSII to soil water in cotton bracts. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(4): 387-395. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00035

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I4/387

图/表 7

图1 棉花开花后常规滴灌和节水滴灌土壤相对含水量的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。 A-C, 常规灌溉。D-F, 节水灌溉。

Fig. 1 Changes of relative soil water content under normal drip irrigation and water-saving drip irrigation following anthesis of cotton plants (mean ± SD). A-C, Normal drip irrigation. D-F, Water-saving drip irrigation.

图2 开花后常规滴灌(●)和节水滴灌(○)棉花苞叶(左)与叶片(右)含水量的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 2 Changes of water content in bracts (left) and leaves (right) of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation (●) and water-saving drip irrigation (○) following anthesis (mean ± SD).

图3 开花后常规滴灌(●)和节水滴灌(○)棉花苞叶(左)与叶片(右)气体交换参数的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。光合有效辐射= 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1。Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; Pn, 净光合速率; Tr, 蒸腾速率。

Fig. 3 Changes of gas exchange parameters in bracts (left) and leaves (right) of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation (●) and water-saving drip irrigation (○) following anthesis (mean ± SD). Photosynthetically active radiation = 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomtal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate.

图4 开花后常规滴灌(●)和节水滴灌(○)棉花苞叶(左)与叶片(右)有效光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。光合有效辐射= 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1。

Fig. 4 Changes of actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in bracts (left) and leaves (right) of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation (●) and water-saving drip irrigation (○) following anthesis (mean ± SD). Photosynthetically active radiation = 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1.

图5 开花后常规滴灌(●)和节水滴灌(○)棉花苞叶(左)与叶片(右)光呼吸(Pr)及光呼吸与光合速率比值(Pr/Pn)的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。光合有效辐射= 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1。

Fig. 5 Changes of photorespiration (Pr) and the photorespiration/photosynthesis ratio (Pr/Pn) in bracts (left) and leaves (right) of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation (● black) and water-saving drip irrigation (○ white) following anthesis (mean ± SD). Photosynthetically active radiation = 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1.

图6 开花后常规滴灌(●)和节水滴灌(○)棉花苞叶(左)与叶片(右)光化学猝灭系数(qP)与非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。光合有效辐射= 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1。

Fig. 6 Changes of photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in bracts (left) and leaves (right) of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation (●) and water-saving drip irrigation (○) following anthesis (mean ± SD). Photosynthetically active radiation = 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1.

图7 开花后常规滴灌和节水滴灌棉花苞叶与叶片中PSII量子产量的转化(平均值±标准偏差)。 Y(II),光系统II光化学量子产量; Y(NO), PSII中荧光和不依赖光的基础热耗散量子产量; Y(NPQ), PSII中ΔpH和叶黄素调节的热耗散量子产量。光合有效辐射= 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1。

Fig. 7 Conversion of quantum yields in PSII in bracts and leaves of cotton plants under normal drip irrigation and water-saving drip irrigation following anthesis (mean ± SD). Y(II), photochemical quantum yields in PSII; Y(NO), quantum yield of fluorescence and light-independent constitution thermal dissipation; Y(NPQ), quantum yield of ΔpH and xanthophylls regulated thermal dissipation. Photosynthetically active radiation = 1800 μmol·m-2·s-1.

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