植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 582-590.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.007
所属专题: 生物多样性
张亮1, 邢福1,2,*(), 于丽丽1, 许坤1, 孙忠林1, 吕宪国2
收稿日期:
2007-01-25
接受日期:
2007-06-19
出版日期:
2008-01-25
发布日期:
2008-05-30
通讯作者:
邢福
作者简介:
*E-mail:xingf@nenu.edu.cn基金资助:
ZHANG Liang1, XING Fu1,2,*(), YU Li-Li1, XU Kun1, SUN Zhong-Lin1, LÁ Xian-Guo2
Received:
2007-01-25
Accepted:
2007-06-19
Online:
2008-01-25
Published:
2008-05-30
Contact:
XING Fu
摘要:
基于Quick Bird影像选择样地区域,采用样方法进行群落学调查。选取丰富度指数(R)、Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H')、Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)测度多样性水平。结果表明:19个岛状林共记录到维管植物140种,隶属于44科,102属,与相邻的洪河自然保护区内的同类型群落相比较有些物种已经消失。山杨林(Ass. Populus davidiana)、白桦林(Ass. Betula platyphylla)和杨桦林(Ass. P. davidiana+B. platyphylla)3种群落类型多样性指数在灌木层之间差异显著(p<0.05)。岛状林总体3个层次之间的R、D、H'大小顺序均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,3者之间差异极显著(p<0.01)。岛状林斑块的物种丰富度与斑块面积(r=0.591, p<0.01)、周长(r=0.674, p<0.01)和形状指数(r=0.584, p<0.01)极显著相关,而D、H'、Jsw与周长、面积和形状指数相关均不显著。受到一定人为干扰的岛状林群落仍具有较高的植物多样性,其中草本层植物多样性占有重要地位。林窗干扰是导致林下植物多样性较高的重要原因。边缘效应可能是引起群落斑块物种丰富度随着斑块面积、周长和形状指数的增大而增加的重要原因。岛状林群落斑块对于维持该地区的植物多样性具有重要意义。
张亮, 邢福, 于丽丽, 许坤, 孙忠林, 吕宪国. 三江平原沼泽湿地岛状林植物多样性. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 582-590. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.007
ZHANG Liang, XING Fu, YU Li-Li, XU Kun, SUN Zhong-Lin, LÁ Xian-Guo. PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE ISLAND FOREST IN A MARSH IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 582-590. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.007
类群 Category | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 木本Tree | 草本Herb | 藤本Vine | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | 种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | 种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
蕨类植物 Pteridphyte | 4 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
被子植物 Angiosperm | 双子叶植物 Dicotyledon | 34 | 82 | 116 | 20 | 17.2 | 95 | 81.9 | 1 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon | 6 | 16 | 18 | 0 | 0.0 | 18 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
合计Total | 44 | 102 | 140 | 20 | 14.3 | 119 | 85.0 | 1 | 0.7 |
表1 三江平原岛状林群落的维管植物组成
Table 1 Vascular plant species composition of the island forest community in the Sanjiang Plain
类群 Category | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | 木本Tree | 草本Herb | 藤本Vine | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | 种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | 种数 Number of species | 比例 Ratio* (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
蕨类植物 Pteridphyte | 4 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
被子植物 Angiosperm | 双子叶植物 Dicotyledon | 34 | 82 | 116 | 20 | 17.2 | 95 | 81.9 | 1 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||
单子叶植物 Monocotyledon | 6 | 16 | 18 | 0 | 0.0 | 18 | 100 | 0 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
合计Total | 44 | 102 | 140 | 20 | 14.3 | 119 | 85.0 | 1 | 0.7 |
分布区类型 Type of distribution | 属数 Number of genus | 占总属数的百分比 Percentage in total genus (%) |
---|---|---|
1.世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 23 | - |
2.泛热带分布Pantropic | 5 | 6.67 |
4.旧世界热带分布Old World Tropics | 1 | 1.33 |
6.热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 1.33 |
8.北温带分布North Temperate | 41 | 54.67 |
8a.北温带和南温带(全温带)间断分布North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted. (“Pan-temperate") | 11 | 14.67 |
9.东亚和北美间断分布East Asia & North America disjuncted | 3 | 4.00 |
10.旧世界温带分布Old World Temperate | 8 | 10.67 |
10a.欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断分布Eurasia & South Africa (sometimes also Australasia) disjuncted | 2 | 2.67 |
14.东亚分布 East Asia | 3 | 4.00 |
合计Total | 98 | 100 |
表2 三江平原岛状林群落种子植物属的分布区类型
Table 2 The areal-types of genus of seed plants of island forest community in the Sanjiang Plain
分布区类型 Type of distribution | 属数 Number of genus | 占总属数的百分比 Percentage in total genus (%) |
---|---|---|
1.世界分布 Cosmopolitan | 23 | - |
2.泛热带分布Pantropic | 5 | 6.67 |
4.旧世界热带分布Old World Tropics | 1 | 1.33 |
6.热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa | 1 | 1.33 |
8.北温带分布North Temperate | 41 | 54.67 |
8a.北温带和南温带(全温带)间断分布North Temperate & South Temperate disjuncted. (“Pan-temperate") | 11 | 14.67 |
9.东亚和北美间断分布East Asia & North America disjuncted | 3 | 4.00 |
10.旧世界温带分布Old World Temperate | 8 | 10.67 |
10a.欧亚和南非洲(有时也在大洋洲)间断分布Eurasia & South Africa (sometimes also Australasia) disjuncted | 2 | 2.67 |
14.东亚分布 East Asia | 3 | 4.00 |
合计Total | 98 | 100 |
群落类型 Community | 层次 Layer | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | D | H' | (Jsw) | ||
山杨林Ass. Populus davidiana | 乔木Tree | 3.333±0.422 | 0.575±0.032 | 1.005±0.098 | 0.871±0.021 |
灌木Shrub | 11.167±0.872 | 0.849±0.020 | 2.150±0.097 | 0.895±0.018 | |
草本Herb | 30.667±3.062 | 0.876±0.021 | 2.738±0.114 | 0.806±0.023 | |
白桦林Ass. Betula platyphylla | 乔木Tree | 3.000±0.408 | 0.578±0.058 | 0.969±0.131 | 0.904±0.025 |
灌木Shrub | 6.250±1.109 | 0.775±0.025 | 1.626±0.143 | 0.916±0.020 | |
草本Herb | 22.750±3.449 | 0.881±0.029 | 2.620±0.183 | 0.845±0.033 | |
杨桦林Ass. P. davidiana+B. platyphylla | 乔木Tree | 3.111±0.423 | 0.630±0.065 | 0.957±0.107 | 0.913±0.019 |
灌木Shrub | 6.778±0.662 | 0.744+0.019 | 1.589±0.077 | 0.857±0.024 | |
草本Herb | 29.111±2.736 | 0.894±0.006 | 2.766±0.062 | 0.831±0.014 |
表3 不同群落类型的物种多样性指数(平均数±标准误差)
Table 3 Plant diversity indices among different communities (Mean±SE)
群落类型 Community | 层次 Layer | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | D | H' | (Jsw) | ||
山杨林Ass. Populus davidiana | 乔木Tree | 3.333±0.422 | 0.575±0.032 | 1.005±0.098 | 0.871±0.021 |
灌木Shrub | 11.167±0.872 | 0.849±0.020 | 2.150±0.097 | 0.895±0.018 | |
草本Herb | 30.667±3.062 | 0.876±0.021 | 2.738±0.114 | 0.806±0.023 | |
白桦林Ass. Betula platyphylla | 乔木Tree | 3.000±0.408 | 0.578±0.058 | 0.969±0.131 | 0.904±0.025 |
灌木Shrub | 6.250±1.109 | 0.775±0.025 | 1.626±0.143 | 0.916±0.020 | |
草本Herb | 22.750±3.449 | 0.881±0.029 | 2.620±0.183 | 0.845±0.033 | |
杨桦林Ass. P. davidiana+B. platyphylla | 乔木Tree | 3.111±0.423 | 0.630±0.065 | 0.957±0.107 | 0.913±0.019 |
灌木Shrub | 6.778±0.662 | 0.744+0.019 | 1.589±0.077 | 0.857±0.024 | |
草本Herb | 29.111±2.736 | 0.894±0.006 | 2.766±0.062 | 0.831±0.014 |
图2 岛状林物种丰富度与斑块属性的回归关系 相关系数极显著p<0.01
Fig.2 Regression relationship between the plant species richness and patch characteristics Regression coefficient is significant at p<0.01 level (2-tailed)
斑块属性 Characteristics of the patches | R | D | H' | Jsw |
---|---|---|---|---|
面积Area | 0.591** | 0.217 | 0.297 | -0.028 |
周长Perimeter | 0.67** | 0.244 | 0.344 | -0.068 |
形状指数Shape index | 0.584** | 0.130 | 0.291 | -0.160 |
表4 岛状林斑块属性与多样性指数的相关性
Table 4 Correlations between plant diversity indices and the patch characteristics
斑块属性 Characteristics of the patches | R | D | H' | Jsw |
---|---|---|---|---|
面积Area | 0.591** | 0.217 | 0.297 | -0.028 |
周长Perimeter | 0.67** | 0.244 | 0.344 | -0.068 |
形状指数Shape index | 0.584** | 0.130 | 0.291 | -0.160 |
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