土壤水分亏缺对陆地棉花铃期叶片光化学活性和激发能耗散的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.018

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 681-689.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.018

土壤水分亏缺对陆地棉花铃期叶片光化学活性和激发能耗散的影响

张亚黎¹, 罗宏海¹, 张旺锋¹^,^*(), 樊大勇², 何在菊¹, 白慧东¹

1 石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
2 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京 100093

收稿日期:2007-06-05 接受日期:2007-08-23 出版日期:2008-06-05 发布日期:2008-05-30
通讯作者: 张旺锋
作者简介:*E-mail:Zhwf-agr@shzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30260051);国家自然科学基金(30460063);国家“十五”科技攻关计划项目(2001BA507A0401)

EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND EXCITATION ENERGY DISSIPATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS IN COTTON LEAVES DURING FLOWERING AND BOLL-SETTING STAGES

ZHANG Ya-Li¹, LUO Hong-Hai¹, ZHANG Wang-Feng¹^,^*(), FAN Da-Yong², HE Za-Ju¹, BAI Hui-Dong¹

¹Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Construction Crops, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
²State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2007-06-05 Accepted:2007-08-23 Online:2008-06-05 Published:2008-05-30
Contact: ZHANG Wang-Feng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨水分亏缺对叶片光合机构光化学量子效率和非辐射热耗散的影响,在新疆气候生态条件下,采用膜下滴灌技术精确地控制滴水量,实现不同程度的土壤水分亏缺,系统测定了不同水分条件下陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)叶片叶绿素荧光参数、叶片接受光量子通量密度(Photon flux density, PFD)、叶片温度(Leaf temperature, T_leaf)以及叶片水势和叶绿素含量的变化。研究表明:轻度水分亏缺(田间持水量的55%~60%)叶片接受的PFD与对照(田间持水量的70%~75%)无差异,T_leaf略高于对照;中度水分亏缺(田间持水量的40%~45%)在12∶00(北京时间,下同)以前叶片接受的PFD和对照无差异,随后显著低于对照,T_leaf在整个日变化中均高于对照。不同水分处理对黎明前叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ,F_v/F_m)没有影响。轻度水分亏缺叶片的实际光化学效率(PSⅡ photochemical efficiency,Φ_PSⅡ)、表观电子传递速率(Electron transport rate, ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(Photochemical quenching, q_p)的日变化与对照基本一致,非光化学猝灭系数(Non-photochemical quenching, NPQ)在12∶00以前和14∶00以后显著低于对照,在12∶00~14∶00和对照无差异。中度水分亏缺叶片的Φ_PSⅡ、ETR和q_p在12∶00才显著降低,此后由于叶片出现暂时萎焉、下垂,所接受的PFD减弱,叶绿素荧光参数缓慢恢复,且高于对照;NPQ在12∶00以前显著高于对照, 14∶00略高于对照,此后低于对照。水分亏缺导致中午叶片水势和叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量降低,但叶绿素a/b比值升高。因此,在田间条件下,陆地棉可通过叶片萎焉下垂运动和叶绿素含量的变化调节叶片对光能的捕获,以及通过光合电子传递、热耗散水平的变化来适应水分亏缺的逆境。在中度水分亏缺条件下,陆地棉叶片萎焉下垂运动的被动调节减少了过量激发能对光合机构的伤害,保证了光合机构的正常运转。

关键词: 光合作用, 能量耗散, 水分亏缺, 叶片运动, 棉花

Abstract:

Aims Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a major crop in Xinjiang Province, Northwest China. Because Xinjiang is characterized by deficiency of water resource and strong irradiance, study of water deficit on photoinhibition of cotton in this area is crucial not only for efficient irrigation, but also for physiological exploration of plant photo-protection strategy.

Methods We investigated the effects of water deficit on physiological characteristics of cotton in the field. We measured diurnal variations of photon flux density (PFD), leaf temperature (T_leaf), pre-dawn maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (F_v/F_m), PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching (q_p) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), as well as chlorophyll content and water potential of cotton leaves subjected to different water supplies.

Important findings Compared to control (70%-75% of field capacity), the diurnal variation of leaf incident PFD was similar and T_leaf was higher with mild water deficit (55%-60% of field capacity). The diurnal variation of leaf incident PFD with moderate water deficit (40%-45% of field capacity) was similar before 12∶00 and then lower, as a result of leaf wilting than in the control. Leaf temperature with moderate water deficit was significantly higher than in the control during daytime. No significant effects were observed on pre-dawnF_v/F_m; all values were between 0.83 and 0.84. There were no differences in diurnal variations of Φ_PSⅡ, ETR and q_p between mild water deficit and control. However, NPQ with mild water deficit was similar before noon and then lower than the control. At 12∶00,Φ_PSⅡ, ETR and q_p with moderate water deficit were significantly decreased and then recovered gradually to control values, possibly due to the decreased leaf incident PFD resulting from temporary and passive leaf wilting. However, NPQ with moderate water deficit was higher before 12∶00 and similar at 14∶00 but after that was lower than control. Water potential and chlorophyll content decreased with water deficits, but the Chl a/b ratio increased. All results showed that cotton leaves could acclimate to water deficit through changing leaf orientation and chlorophyll content to regulate light energy captured by leaves and changing electron transport rate and thermal dissipation ratio. We suggest that the risk of photosynthetic apparatus damage by excessive excitation energy could be decreased greatly through passive movement of cotton leaf wilting with moderate water deficit.

Key words: photosynthesis, excitation energy dissipation, water deficit, leaf movement, cotton

张亚黎, 罗宏海, 张旺锋, 樊大勇, 何在菊, 白慧东. 土壤水分亏缺对陆地棉花铃期叶片光化学活性和激发能耗散的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 681-689. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.018

ZHANG Ya-Li, LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Wang-Feng, FAN Da-Yong, HE Za-Ju, BAI Hui-Dong. EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND EXCITATION ENERGY DISSIPATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS IN COTTON LEAVES DURING FLOWERING AND BOLL-SETTING STAGES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 681-689. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I3/681

图/表 7

图1 PFD、T和RH的日变化 PFD:光量子通量密度 Photon flux density T:温度 Temperature RH:相对湿度 Relative humidity

Fig.1 Diurnal variations of PFD, T and RH

图2 水分亏缺对陆地棉叶片接受PFD (a)和Tleaf (b)的日变化的影响(平均值±标准误差) PFD:光量子通量密度 Photon flux density Tleaf:叶片温度Leaf temperature

Fig.2 Effects of water deficit on the diurnal variations of PFD (a) and Tleaf (b) in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE)

图3 水分亏缺对陆地棉叶片黎明前Fv/Fm的影响(平均值±标准误差) Fv/Fm:PSⅡ最大光化学效率 The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ

Fig.3 Effects of water deficit on the pre-dawn Fv/Fm in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE)

图4 水分亏缺对陆地棉叶片ΦPSⅡ (a)和ETR (b)日变化的影响(平均值±标准误差) ΦPSⅡ:PSⅡ光化学效率 PSⅡ photochemical efficiency ETR:表观电子传递速率Electron transport rate

Fig.4 Effects of water deficit on the diurnal variations of ΦPSⅡ (a) and ETR (b) in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE)

图5 水分亏缺对陆地棉叶片qp (a)和NPQ (b)日变化的影响(平均值 ± 标准误差) qp:光化学猝灭系数Photochemical quenching NPQ:非光化学猝灭系数Non-photochemical quenching

Fig.5 Effects of water deficit on the diurnal variations of qp (a) and NPQ (b) in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE)

图6 水分亏缺对陆地棉中午叶片水势(Ψmidday)的影响(平均值±标准误差) 不同字母表示差异达到显著水平(p<0.05) Different letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05

Fig.6 Effects of water deficit on the water potential at midday (Ψmidday) in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE)

图7 水分亏缺对陆地棉叶片叶绿素含量和Chl a/b比值的影响(平均值±标准误差) 不同字母表示差异达到显著水平(p<0.05)

Fig.7 Effects of water deficit on the chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio in leaves of cotton (Mean ± SE) Different letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05

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土壤水分亏缺对陆地棉花铃期叶片光化学活性和激发能耗散的影响

EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICIT ON PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND EXCITATION ENERGY DISSIPATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS IN COTTON LEAVES DURING FLOWERING AND BOLL-SETTING STAGES

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