遮阴对黄波罗幼苗的光合特性及光能利用效率的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

一直以来黄波罗(Phellodendron amurense)被认为是不耐阴树种, 然而引入美国纽约后, 发现它具有一定的耐阴性, 在全光和林下均能更新, 在纽约已经成为生物入侵种。为了探讨黄波罗的耐阴性问题, 通过设置自然光与遮阴(15%自然光)两种光环境, 观测了三年生黄波罗幼苗(遮阴1 a后)光合生理参数、光能利用效率、叶绿素和比叶重的变化。结果表明, 与自然光处理相比, 遮阴处理的黄波罗幼苗最大光合速率、表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率略有下降, 但差异不显著(p>0.05), 光补偿点下降显著(p＜0.05); 同时, 单位面积叶绿素含量无显著差异(p>0.05), 而单位干重叶绿素含量显著升高, 比叶重显著下降, 叶面积显著增大(p＜0.05)。上述结果说明: 遮阴的黄波罗幼苗通过降低光补偿点和暗呼吸速率利用环境中的弱光, 同时通过减小比叶重、增大叶面积和提高叶绿素b相对含量来增强对光的捕获, 使其在弱光时的光能利用效率提高。由此推断, 黄波罗幼苗能适应一定程度的遮阴。

关键词: 黄波罗, 耐阴性, 次生林, 光合作用

Abstract:

Aims Although Phellodendron amurense is generally recognized as a shade-intolerant tree species, it has been reported to have some shade tolerance and be able to regenerate in both full sunshine and shade in New York, USA, where it is invasive. Our objective was to investigate shade tolerance of P. amurense.
Methods We planted 2-year-old P. amurense seedlings in two plantation plots, one with full natural light and the other with 15% of full natural light. After one year we observed the parameters of gas exchang, including maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max), apparent quantum yield (AQY), dark respiration rate (R_d), light compensation point (LCP) and light use efficiency (LUE), using a Li-6400 (Li-Cor, USA). We also determined chlorophyll (Chl) contents per unit leaf area and per unit mass and specific leaf weight (SLW).
Important findings There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between sun and shade treatments for P_max, AQY and R_d. However, plants in the shade treatment had significantly lower LCP and SLW, but higher Chl content per unit mass and leaf area. These results indicated that P. amurense seedlings effectively used weak light by decreasing LCP and R_d, and enhanced the ability of capturing light by decreasing SLW and increasing leaf area and relative content of chlorophyll b, which made LUE increase in weak light condition. Therefore, P. amurense seedlings are shade tolerant.

Key words: Phellodendron amurense, shade tolerance, secondary forest, photosynthesis

王凯, 朱教君, 于立忠, 孙一荣, 陈光华. 遮阴对黄波罗幼苗的光合特性及光能利用效率的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(5): 1003-1012. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.020

WANG Kai, ZHU Jiao-Jun, YU Li-Zhong, SUN Yi-Rong, CHEN Guang-Hua. EFFECTS OF SHADING ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY OF PHELLODENDRON AMURENSE SEEDLINGS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(5): 1003-1012. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.020

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.020

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I5/1003

图/表 6

图1 自然光和遮阴处理的平均光合光量子通量密度

Fig. 1 Average photosynthetic photon flux density for natural light and shade in this study

图2 自然光和遮阴环境下黄波罗幼苗叶片在春、夏、秋三季的光响应曲线 A: 春季 Spring B: 夏季 Summer C: 秋季 Autumn

Fig. 2 Responses of net photosynthetic rate to photosynthetic photon flux density in Phellodendron amurense seedlings under natural light and shade in spring, summer and autumn

表1 自然光和遮阴环境下黄波罗幼苗叶片在春、夏、秋三季的最大光合速率(Pmax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)和光补偿点(LCP) (平均值±标准误, n=3, p＜0.05)

Table 1 Maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), apparent quantum yield (AQY), dark respiration rate (Rd) and light compensation point (LCP) in leaves of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under natural light and shade treatments in spring, summer and autumn (mean±SE, n=3, p＜0.05)

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn
	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade
最大光合速率 Maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	18.52±1.57^a	14.81±0.65^a	17.39±0.37^a	13.89±1.13^a	18.46±1.71^a	17.61±1.36^a
表观量子效率 Apparent quantum yield (AQY) (mol·mol^-1)	0.079±0.007^a	0.060±0.003^a	0.074±0.009^a	0.077±0.008^a	0.048±0.007^a	0.074±0.004^a
暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration rate (R_d) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1.601±0.006^a	1.400±0.092^a	3.194±0.134^a	2.423±0.292^a	1.614±0.310^a	0.944±0.123^a
光补偿点 Light compensation point (LCP) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	30.49±0.32^a	25.58±0.67^b	70.69±3.55^a	42.45±2.89^b	32.31±2.88^a	15.08±1.99^b

图3 自然光和遮阴环境下黄波罗幼苗叶片在春、夏、秋三季的光能利用效率光响应 A: 春季 Spring B: 夏季 Summer C: 秋季 Autumn

Fig. 3 Light responses of light use efficiency in Phellodendron amurense seedlings under natural light and shade treatments in spring, summer and autumn

表2 自然光与遮阴环境下黄波罗幼苗在春、夏、秋三季的叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)的含量 (平均值±标准误, n=3, p＜0.05)

Table 2 Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under natural light and shade in spring, summer and autumn (mean±SE, n=3, p＜0.05)

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn
	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade	自然光 Natural light	遮阴 Shade
单位干重叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content per mass (Chl_mass) (mg·g^-1)	5.60±0.10^a	17.72±0.38^b	7.33±0.17^a	13.28±0.12^b	5.73±0.09^a	14.0±0.16^b
单位面积叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content per area (Chl_area) (g·m^-2)	0.2627±0.0045^a	0.4142±0.0088^a	0.4323±0.0099^a	0.4186±0.0039^a	0.3457±0.0056^a	0.4469±0.0051^a
叶绿素a/b值 Chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b)	3.40±0.13^a	2.35±0.04^b	6.82±0.07^a	4.08±0.14^b	5.82±0.14^a	4.19±0.03^b
类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoid content (Car) (g?m^-2)	0.0523±0.0011^a	0.0454±0.0010^b	0.1176±0.0039^a	0.0765±0.0011^b	0.0911±0.0026^a	0.0799±0.0010^a
类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值 Chlorophyll/Carotenoid (Car/Chl)	0.1989±0.0012^a	0.1098±0.0039^b	0.2720±0.035^a	0.1827±0.0010^b	0.2635±0.0033^a	0.1787±0.0005^b

图4 自然光与遮阴处理下黄波罗幼苗叶片在春、夏、秋三季比叶重和叶面积不同小写字母表示不同光处理之间具有显著差异(p＜0.05) Different small letters indicate significant differences under two light intensity conditions (p＜0.05)

Fig. 4 Changes in special leaf weight and leaf area of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under natural light and shade in spring, summer and autumn

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