六盘山叠叠沟小流域典型坡面土壤水分的植被承载力

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.010

植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1101-1111.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.010

六盘山叠叠沟小流域典型坡面土壤水分的植被承载力

刘建立¹^,², 王彦辉¹^,^*(), 于澎涛¹, 程丽莉³, 熊伟¹, 徐丽宏¹, 杜阿朋¹

1 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京 100091
2 北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
3 北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京 100093

收稿日期:2009-05-07 接受日期:2009-08-03 出版日期:2009-05-07 发布日期:2021-04-29
通讯作者: 王彦辉
作者简介:*(wangyh@caf.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40730631);国家自然科学基金(40671038);国家自然科学基金(30671677);国家自然科学基金(40801017);科技部“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1803);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAF YBB2007038);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFRIF200702);科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2004DIB3J102)

VEGETATION CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON SOIL WATER ON TYPICAL SLOPES IN THE DIEDIEGOU SMALL WATERSHED OF LIUPAN MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CHINA

LIU Jian-Li¹^,², WANG Yan-Hui¹^,^*(), YU Peng-Tao¹, CHENG Li-Li³, XIONG Wei¹, XU Li-Hong¹, Du A-Peng¹

1 Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2 Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Combating Desertification, Ministry of Education, College of Water and Soil Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3 Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2009-05-07 Accepted:2009-08-03 Online:2009-05-07 Published:2021-04-29
Contact: WANG Yan-Hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

确定土壤水分的植被承载力是我国北方半干旱地区合理调控土壤水分和植被生长关系、科学恢复林草植被的核心问题。我国北方半干旱地区的土壤水分主要来自大气降水, 作为土壤水分限制型生态系统的坡面植被, 植物种类和植被密度等结构特征与降水量紧密相关。根据六盘山石质山区的特点, 基于水量平衡原理, 建立了阴坡华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechti)和阳坡草地的土壤水分植被承载力数学模型, 即由4~10月的生长季降雨量(P)计算得到可承载的叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)公式: LAI_tree= exp((0.773 1×P-186.12)/146.46)和LAI_grass= exp((0.511 2×P-345.93)/227.89), 并提出了考虑坡面水分再分配影响的不同坡位的土壤水分植被承载力计算方法。阴坡华北落叶松的植被承载力(用LAI表示)从坡顶的1.45升高到坡中的4.83, 然后稳定在3.0~3.3。对于阳坡草地, 土壤水分可承载的LAI从坡顶的0.37上升到坡中的0.46, 然后在0.41~0.47之间变动, LAI的计算值与实测值较为接近, 计算结果比较合理。

关键词: 六盘山, 坡面, 土壤水分, 承载力, 植被恢复, 叶面积指数

Abstract:

Aims Soil water is the main limiting factor for vegetation, and it mainly comes from precipitation in the Diediegou small watershed in the Liupan Mountains, northwestern China, where the structure of slope vegetation is usually closely related with the amount of precipitation. Our objectives were to develop a method for estimating vegetation carrying capacity (VCC) on sites based on water balance and to evaluate variation of VCC along typical slopes, for guiding the restoration and management of vegetation on similar slopes.

Methods We established nine plots along two typical slopes of natural grassland and larch (Larix principis-rupprechti) plantation, measured leaf area index (LAI) every 15 days and continuously monitored all water fluxes and soil water dynamics. After analyzing plot water balance, we determined the relationships among evapotranspiration (ET), LAI and precipitation to estimate VCC based on growing season precipitation and calculated the variation of VCC along slopes.

Important findings Our mathematical models for determining VCC (expressed as the maximal LAI) based on precipitation amount (P, mm) in growing season (April-October) were LAI_tree=exp ((0.773 1×P-186.12)/146.46) for the larch stand on the shady slope and LAI_grass=exp ((0.511 2×P-345.93)/227.89) for the grassland on the sunny slope. The VCC of larch stands on the shady slope increased from upper slope (1.45) to middle slope (4.83) and then stabilized between 3.0 and 3.3. For grassland on the sunny slope, VCC increased from upper slope (0.37) to middle slope (0.46) and then stabilized between 0.41 and 0.47. Measured values ofLAIwere close to those of simulated VCC, supporting the rationality of our method and the result. Using LAI as an index expressing VCC, which is mainly determined by soil water in dryland regions, is a new method for calculating VCC for slopes where precipitation water is redistributed in the forms of runoff and interflow.

Key words: Liupan Mountains, slope, soil water, carrying capacity, vegetation restoration, leaf area index (LAI)

刘建立, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 程丽莉, 熊伟, 徐丽宏, 杜阿朋. 六盘山叠叠沟小流域典型坡面土壤水分的植被承载力. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(6): 1101-1111. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.010

LIU Jian-Li, WANG Yan-Hui, YU Peng-Tao, CHENG Li-Li, XIONG Wei, XU Li-Hong, Du A-Peng. VEGETATION CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON SOIL WATER ON TYPICAL SLOPES IN THE DIEDIEGOU SMALL WATERSHED OF LIUPAN MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(6): 1101-1111. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.010

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.010

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I6/1101

图/表 8

参考文献 26

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样地编号 Plot number	1-1	1-2	1-3	1-4	1-5	1-6	1-7	1-8	1-9
海拔 Altitude (m)	2 035	2 041	2 058	2 086	2 105	2 120	2 136	2 165	2 188
坡度 Slope	12°	16°	25°	33°	30°	35°	34°	38°	40°
坡向 Aspect	SE 30o	SE 34o	SE 40o	SE 45o	SE 42o	SE 35o	SE 32o	SE 31o	SE 34o
优势种 Dominant species	铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)+白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)+茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)			铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)+百里香(Thymus mongolicus)			虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana)+铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)
草本层盖度 Herbage coverage (%)	75	80	60	50	70	60	45	35	40
枯落物层盖度 Litter coverage (%)	70	75	45	25	20	15	0	0	0
总覆盖度 Total coverage (%)	75	80	60	60	75	65	45	45	50
生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)	378.5	408.8	401.3	346.2	373.1	368.8	352.7	359.2	320.6
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)	0.56	0.57	0.49	0.44	0.55	0.50	0.45	0.30	0.32
土层厚度 Soil thickness (cm)	>100	>100	100	55	70	80	50	35	30
0~40 cm土壤容重 Bulk density of the soil layer 0-40 cm (g·cm^-3)	1.12	1.06	1.02	1.08	1.00	0.99	1.20	1.08	1.14

样地编号 Plot number	1-1	1-2	1-3	1-4	1-5	1-6	1-7	1-8	1-9
海拔 Altitude (m)	2 035	2 041	2 058	2 086	2 105	2 120	2 136	2 165	2 188
坡度 Slope	12°	16°	25°	33°	30°	35°	34°	38°	40°
坡向 Aspect	SE 30o	SE 34o	SE 40o	SE 45o	SE 42o	SE 35o	SE 32o	SE 31o	SE 34o
优势种 Dominant species	铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)+白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)+茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)			铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)+百里香(Thymus mongolicus)			虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana)+铁杆蒿(Artemisa vestita)
草本层盖度 Herbage coverage (%)	75	80	60	50	70	60	45	35	40
枯落物层盖度 Litter coverage (%)	70	75	45	25	20	15	0	0	0
总覆盖度 Total coverage (%)	75	80	60	60	75	65	45	45	50
生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)	378.5	408.8	401.3	346.2	373.1	368.8	352.7	359.2	320.6
叶面积指数 Leaf area index (LAI)	0.56	0.57	0.49	0.44	0.55	0.50	0.45	0.30	0.32
土层厚度 Soil thickness (cm)	>100	>100	100	55	70	80	50	35	30
0~40 cm土壤容重 Bulk density of the soil layer 0-40 cm (g·cm^-3)	1.12	1.06	1.02	1.08	1.00	0.99	1.20	1.08	1.14

样地编号 Plot number	3-1	3-2	3-3	3-4	3-5	3-6	3-7	3-8	3-9
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 997	2 020	2 050	2 078	2 099	2 123	2 135	2 147	2 165
坡度 Slope	11o	12o	15o	22o	24o	15o	14o	14o	12o
坡向 Aspect	NW 30o	NW 30o	NW 20o	NW 18o	NW 18o	NW 15o	NW 13o	NW 10o	NW 10o
草本层盖度 Herbage coverage (%)	35	30	65	45	35	70	60	60	55
枯落物层盖度 Litter coverage (%)	1.78	1.52	3.49	2.51	4.19	4.39	2.14	0.44	0.03
总覆盖度 Total coverage (%)	97	95	97	98	98	80	75	65	60
林分密度 Forest density (Plant·hm^-2)	1 650	1 375	1 111	1 500	1 875	625	950	750	400
树高 Tree height (m)	8.2	9.9	9.5	8.9	9.3	5.8	4.9	4.4	2.5
胸径 DBH(cm)	8.9	9.4	9.2	9.8	8.5	6.8	5.6	5.4	2.2
叶面积指数 LAI	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.7	3.8	2.3	1.5	1.5	1.2
土层厚度 Soil layer thickness (cm)	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>100	100	80	40
0~40 cm土壤容重 Bulk density of the soil layer 0-40 cm (g·cm^-3)	1.08	1.15	1.00	0.94	0.90	1.00	0.94	1.01	0.92

样地编号 Plot number	3-1	3-2	3-3	3-4	3-5	3-6	3-7	3-8	3-9
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 997	2 020	2 050	2 078	2 099	2 123	2 135	2 147	2 165
坡度 Slope	11o	12o	15o	22o	24o	15o	14o	14o	12o
坡向 Aspect	NW 30o	NW 30o	NW 20o	NW 18o	NW 18o	NW 15o	NW 13o	NW 10o	NW 10o
草本层盖度 Herbage coverage (%)	35	30	65	45	35	70	60	60	55
枯落物层盖度 Litter coverage (%)	1.78	1.52	3.49	2.51	4.19	4.39	2.14	0.44	0.03
总覆盖度 Total coverage (%)	97	95	97	98	98	80	75	65	60
林分密度 Forest density (Plant·hm^-2)	1 650	1 375	1 111	1 500	1 875	625	950	750	400
树高 Tree height (m)	8.2	9.9	9.5	8.9	9.3	5.8	4.9	4.4	2.5
胸径 DBH(cm)	8.9	9.4	9.2	9.8	8.5	6.8	5.6	5.4	2.2
叶面积指数 LAI	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.7	3.8	2.3	1.5	1.5	1.2
土层厚度 Soil layer thickness (cm)	>200	>200	>200	>200	>200	>100	100	80	40
0~40 cm土壤容重 Bulk density of the soil layer 0-40 cm (g·cm^-3)	1.08	1.15	1.00	0.94	0.90	1.00	0.94	1.01	0.92

样地编号 Plot number	生长季降雨量 Preci- pitation in growing season (mm)	实测华北落叶松蒸腾 Mea- sured tree trans- piration (mm)	实测林下蒸散 Measured under-story evapo- transpiration (mm)	实测林冠截留 Measured canopy interception (mm)	实测群落蒸散Measured community evapo- transpiration (mm)	平衡项 Balance item (mm)	可供蒸散水分 Soil water available for evapo- transpiration (mm)	依公式(9)计算的可承载LAI Calculated LAIbased on equation (9)	实测LAI Measured LAI
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
3-1	465	279.41	102.70	48.09	430.20	16.26	464.46	3.26	3.09
3-2	465	295.11	85.67	49.96	430.74	15.72	459.92	3.18	3.21
3-3	465	289.77	93.11	52.94	435.82	10.64	452.47	3.06	3.40
3-4	465	307.67	84.03	56.65	448.35	-1.89	468.57	3.33	3.64
3-5	465	266.85	118.63	59.30	444.78	1.68	538.98	4.83	3.81
3-6	465	213.48	122.13	35.19	370.80	75.66	436.58	2.81	2.26
3-7	465	175.81	197.55	23.34	396.70	49.76	340.23	1.69	1.50
3-8	465	169.53	205.05	22.57	397.15	49.32	337.66	1.67	1.45
3-9	465	69.07	204.62	19.14	292.83	153.64	311.36	1.45	1.23

六盘山叠叠沟小流域典型坡面土壤水分的植被承载力

VEGETATION CARRYING CAPACITY BASED ON SOIL WATER ON TYPICAL SLOPES IN THE DIEDIEGOU SMALL WATERSHED OF LIUPAN MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CHINA

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参考文献 26

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样地编号 Plot number	生长季降雨量 Precipitation in growing season (mm)	实测群落蒸散量Measured community evapo- transpiration (mm)	平衡项 Balance item (mm)	可供蒸散土壤水分 Soil water available for evapotranspiration (mm)	依公式(10)计算的LAI Calculated LAIbased on equation (10)	实测LAI Measured LAI
1-1	465	291.70	173.30	338.98	0.47	0.56
1-2	465	292.35	172.65	339.63	0.47	0.57
1-3	465	253.33	211.67	300.61	0.43	0.49
1-4	465	229.45	235.55	276.73	0.41	0.44
1-5	465	285.19	179.81	332.47	0.46	0.55
1-6	465	258.09	206.91	305.34	0.44	0.50
1-7	465	235.16	229.84	282.04	0.41	0.45
1-8	465	246.11	218.89	289.03	0.42	0.30
1-9	465	230.93	234.07	230.93	0.37	0.32

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