长白山高山苔原季节性雪斑土壤呼吸对温度响应的模拟研究

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用LI-8100土壤呼吸测定系统, 在室内控制温度条件下测定了长白山高山苔原季节性雪斑大白花地榆(Sanguisorba sitchensis (=S. stipulata))群落土壤呼吸对温度的响应过程, 并根据野外连续测定的全年温度, 估算了雪斑群落土壤呼吸的季节变化, 同时模拟气温升高对土壤呼吸的影响。雪斑土壤温度全年大部分时间维持在0 ℃以上, 极端温度变动幅度不超过20 ℃。模拟计算了10 cm深土壤的呼吸强度, 海拔2 036 m处为307.1 g C·m^-2·a^-1, 海拔2 260 m处的呼吸量为270.9 g C·m^-2·a^-1。由于积雪时间长, 冬季呼吸占很大比例, 而且随着海拔的升高比例加大。从海拔2 036 m到2 260 m, 积雪期土壤呼吸分别占全年的42.5% (125.4 g C·m^-2·a^-1)和49.7% (128.7 g C·m^-2·a^-1)。模拟气温升高1 ℃并假设积雪时间减少20天, 冬天的呼吸量减少8%左右, 但全年总呼吸量增加8%左右。升温后, 平均增加的呼吸量为0.25 g C·kg^-1·a^-1 (或22.65 g C·m^-2·a^-1), 冬季呼吸量减少0.118 g C·kg^-1·season^-1 (或10.81 g C·m^-2·season^-1)。

关键词: 高山苔原, 大白花地榆, 雪斑, 土壤温度, 土壤呼吸

Abstract:

Aims The objective was to investigate the respiration rate of snowpack soil in relation to temperature in the alpine tundra community of Sanguisorba sitchensis (= S. stipulata) in the Changbai Mountain, northeastern China.

Methods Soil respiration under different temperatures was measured with an LI-8100 automated CO₂ flux system in the laboratory, and annual respiration was estimated based on current and presumed temperature scenarios.

Important findings Soil temperature under snowpack most of the year was around or over 0 °C, and the variation was less than 20 °C. Estimated respiration rates within 10 cm depth were 307.1 g C·m^-2·a^-1 at 2 036 m elevation and 270.9 g C·m^-2·a^-1 at 2 260 m. Because the snow cover was present for a long period, the length of which increased with elevation, winter respiration accounted for 42.5% at 2 036 m and 49.7% at 2 260 m. Under the scenario that the snow period decreases if annual temperature rises 1 °C, annual respiration would increase by 8% or 0.25 g C·kg^-1·a^-1 (22.65 g C·m^-2·a^-1), but winter respiration would decrease by 0.118 g C·kg^-1·a^-1 (10.81 g C·m^-2·a^-1).

Key words: alpine tundra, Sanguisorba sitchensis (= S. stipulata), snowpack, soil temperature, soil respiration

刘琪璟, 张国春, 徐倩倩, 王义东, 王辉民. 长白山高山苔原季节性雪斑土壤呼吸对温度响应的模拟研究. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5): 477-487. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.001

LIU Qi-Jing, ZHANG Guo-Chun, XU Qian-Qian, WANG Yi-Dong, WANG Hui-Min. Simulation of soil respiration in response to temperature under snowpacks in the Changbai Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5): 477-487. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.001

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I5/477

图/表 10

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项目 Items	海拔2 036 m Alt. 2 036 m	海拔2 260 m Alt. 2 260 m
年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	3.8	2.2
日平均最高温度 Daily temperature max (℃)	16.0	15.8
日平均最低温度 Daily temperature min (℃)	-1.3	-2.0
日极端最高温度 Extreme temperature max (℃)	19.0	22.1
日极端最低温度 Extreme temperature min (℃)	-1.3	-2.1
生物学积温 Bio-cumulated temperature (℃)	1 447.0	1 068.9
温暖指数 Warmth index (℃·month)	25.0	17.2
寒冷指数 Coldness index (℃·month)	0	0
平均温度≥ 1 ℃日数 Days of temperature ≥ 11 ℃	129	107
平均温度≤ -1 ℃日数 Day of temperature ≤ -1 ℃	31	126
平均温度 ± 0.9 ℃天数 Days of ± 0.9 ℃	205	132
平均温度≤ 0 ℃天数 Days of temperature ≤ 0 ℃	90	256

项目 Items	海拔2 036 m Alt. 2 036 m	海拔2 260 m Alt. 2 260 m
年平均温度 Annual mean temperature (℃)	3.8	2.2
日平均最高温度 Daily temperature max (℃)	16.0	15.8
日平均最低温度 Daily temperature min (℃)	-1.3	-2.0
日极端最高温度 Extreme temperature max (℃)	19.0	22.1
日极端最低温度 Extreme temperature min (℃)	-1.3	-2.1
生物学积温 Bio-cumulated temperature (℃)	1 447.0	1 068.9
温暖指数 Warmth index (℃·month)	25.0	17.2
寒冷指数 Coldness index (℃·month)	0	0
平均温度≥ 1 ℃日数 Days of temperature ≥ 11 ℃	129	107
平均温度≤ -1 ℃日数 Day of temperature ≤ -1 ℃	31	126
平均温度 ± 0.9 ℃天数 Days of ± 0.9 ℃	205	132
平均温度≤ 0 ℃天数 Days of temperature ≤ 0 ℃	90	256

编号 Code	采样时期 Sampling time	全氮 Total N (%)	速效氮Available N (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (%)	有机碳 Organic C (%)
1	2007-06-26	0.466	447.3	10.256	5.949
2	2008-10-16	0.193	291.9	4.429	2.569
3	2007-10-16	0.291	288.3	5.988	3.473
14	2007-08-30	0.299	289.0	6.506	3.774
15	2008-08-22	0.374	-	8.463	4.909
	平均 Mean	0.325	329.1	7.128	4.135

编号 Code	采样时期 Sampling time	全氮 Total N (%)	速效氮Available N (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (%)	有机碳 Organic C (%)
1	2007-06-26	0.466	447.3	10.256	5.949
2	2008-10-16	0.193	291.9	4.429	2.569
3	2007-10-16	0.291	288.3	5.988	3.473
14	2007-08-30	0.299	289.0	6.506	3.774
15	2008-08-22	0.374	-	8.463	4.909
	平均 Mean	0.325	329.1	7.128	4.135

编号 Code	a	b	r	Q₁₀	采样时间 Sampling time	处理 Treatment	-1 ℃时的呼吸 Respiration at -1 ℃	-2 ℃时的呼吸 Respiration at -2 ℃
1	17.801	0.112 58	0.91	3.0826	2007-06-26	扰动土 Disturbed	15.906	14.212
2	14.797	0.088 15	0.89	2.4146	2008-10-16	扰动土Disturbed	13.548	12.405
3	17.861	0.075 93	0.90	2.1367	2007-10-16	扰动土Disturbed		15.345
18	31.588	0.064 35	0.98	1.9031	2007-08-30	扰动土Disturbed		27.773
14	23.371	0.072 01	0.87	2.0547	2008-07-03	原状Intact	21.747	20.236
15	16.719	0.081 75	0.83	2.2650	2008-08-21	原状Intact	15.407	14.197
1+2+3+18	22.440	0.075 58	0.88	2.1293	-	扰动土Disturbed	20.807	24.202
14+15	18.284	0.080 38	0.85	2.2340	-	原状 Intact	16.872	16.555
综合 All	21.207	0.077 15	0.87	2.1630	-	综合 All	19.632	29.619