川西北高寒草地3种主要植物的生长及物质分配对温度升高的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在野外自然条件下采用开顶式生长室模拟增温的方法, 研究了增温对川西北高寒草地3种主要植物(单子叶草本植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和双子叶草本植物尼泊尔酸模(Rumex acetosa)和鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina))的生长及物质分配的影响。研究结果表明, 增温对3种植物的生长产生了显著影响, 垂穗披碱草和尼泊尔酸模的比叶面积和生物量积累在增温后显著增加, 而鹅绒委陵菜在增温后显著减少。在各组分中, 增温处理使尼泊尔酸模的叶生物量显著增加, 根生物量却显著下降, 而鹅绒委陵菜叶和茎的生物量在增温后显著减少, 根生物量却显著增加。增温对尼泊尔酸模各组分的养分含量产生了显著影响, 其中, 根部碳含量在增温后显著增加, 而氮含量在增温后显著减少。增温对尼泊尔酸模和鹅绒委陵菜的生物量在各组分中的分配产生了显著影响, 增温显著增加了尼泊尔酸模的叶重比(LMR)、根重比(RMR)和地下生物量/地上生物量(R/S), 而茎重比(SMR)在增温后却显著降低; 增温显著增加了鹅绒委陵菜的RMR和R/S, 而SMR和LMR在增温后却显著降低。增温对尼泊尔酸模和鹅绒委陵菜各组分中的碳、氮分配产生了显著影响, 增温显著增加了碳、氮在尼泊尔酸模叶片的分配比例, 并且使尼泊尔酸模根部的碳分配比例也显著增加, 而茎部的碳、氮分配比例却显著减少; 增温显著减少了碳在鹅绒委陵菜叶片的分配比例, 而根部的碳、氮分配比例却显著增加。

关键词: 高寒草地, 增温, 川西北, 植物生长, 物质分配

Abstract:

Aims Plant growth and substance allocation are greatly affected by temperature change, and the response modes have been shown to vary for different functional groups (graminoids and forbs). Our main objective was to assess how experimental warming affects growth in different functional groups and how they adapt to experimental warming by different substance allocation and structural adjustment.

Methods We selected three dominant plant species, graminoid Elymus nutans and forbs Rumex acetosa and Potentilla anserina, in an alpine meadow in Northwestern Sichuan, and adapted open-top chambers as passive warming devices to generate an artificially warmed environment. After three years of warming, we measured biomass accumulation and substance allocation of the three species.

Important findings Compared to the control, experimental warming significantly increased SLA (specific leaf area) and biomass accumulation of E. nutans and R. acetosa and significantly decreased SLA and biomass accumulation of P. anserine. Warming significantly increased leaf biomass of R. acetosa, but its root biomass significantly decreased; however, warming significantly decreased leaf biomass and stem biomass of P. anserine and its root biomass significantly increased. Warming significantly increased root C concentration of R. acetosa, but decreased root N concentration. Warming significantly increased the LMR (leaf mass ratio), RMR (root mass ratio) and R/S (shoot/root biomass ratio) of R. acetosa, but its SMR (stem mass ratio) significantly decreased. For P. anserina, warming significantly increased its RMR and R/S, but its SMR and LMR significantly decreased. Warming significantly increased C and N allocation in leaves of R. acetosa, and also significantly increased C allocation in its roots, but C and N allocations in its stem were significantly decreased. For P. anserina, warming significantly decreased C allocation in its leaves, but C and N allocations in its roots were significantly increased.

Key words: alpine grassland, experimental warming, Northwestern Sichuan, plant growth, substance allocation

石福孙, 吴宁, 吴彦. 川西北高寒草地3种主要植物的生长及物质分配对温度升高的响应. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(5): 488-497. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.002

SHI Fu-Sun, WU Ning, WU Yan. Responses of plant growth and substance allocation of three dominant plant species to experimental warming in an alpine grassland, Northwestern Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(5): 488-497. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.05.002

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I5/488

图/表 11

表1 开顶式生长室(OTC)与对照样地内温度与土壤相对含水量的变化(2006-2008年)

Table 1 Variation of temperature and mean soil relative water content in the open-top chamber (OTC) and in the control plot in the growing season (2006-2008)

月/年 Month/Year		温度 Temperature (℃)		土壤相对含水量 Soil relative water content (%)
月/年 Month/Year		土壤 Soil	空气 Air	0-5 cm	10-15 cm
6/2006-9/2006	OTC	12.01	8.87	36.17	45.76
	对照 Control	11.48	7.26	50.34	48.29
	差值 Difference	0.53	1.61	-14.17	-2.53
6/2007-9/2007	OTC	12.03	8.73	42.03	53.58
	对照 Control	11.56	7.33	55.52	54.18
	差值 Difference	0.46	1.40	-13.49	-0.60
6/2008-9/2008	OTC	12.27	9.07	38.58	46.22
	对照 Control	11.75	7.48	51.46	50.34
	差值 Difference	0.52	1.59	-12.88	-4.12

表2 增温对垂穗披碱草生长和生物量积累的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 2 Effects of temperature enhancement on plant growth and biomass accumulation of Elymus nutans (mean ± SD, n = 5)

生长参数 Growth parameter	OTC	对照 Control
株高 Plant height (cm)	31.18 ± 3.17^a	26.67 ± 2.36^b
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	82.89 ± 5.86^a	75.83 ± 3.61^b
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	22.55 ± 4.19^a	7.49 ± 2.35^b

表3 增温对尼泊尔酸模生长和生物量积累的影响(平均值± 标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 3 Effects of temperature enhancement on plant growth and biomass accumulation of Rumex acetosa (mean ± SD, n = 5)

生长参数 Growth parameter	OTC	对照 Control
株高 Plant height (cm)	49.67 ± 5.76^a	49.09 ± 7.41^a
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	35.70 ± 3.01^a	33.76 ± 2.17^a
总生物量 Total biomass (g per unit)	3.93 ± 0.34^a	3.08 ± 0.22^b
叶生物量 Leaf mass (g)	0.63 ± 0.15^a	0.34 ± 0.11^b
茎生物量 Stem mass (g)	1.37 ± 0.31^a	1.43 ± 0.06^a
根生物量 Root mass (g)	1.93 ± 0.79^a	1.31 ± 0.13^b

表4 增温对鹅绒委陵菜生长和生物量积累的影响(平均值± 标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 4 Effects of temperature enhancement on plant growth and biomass accumulation of Potentilla anserina (mean ± SD, n = 5)

生长参数 Growth parameter	OTC	对照 Control
株高 Plant height (cm)	9.67±3.64^a	10.38±2.85^a
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	83.65±5.36^a	95.11±6.13^b
总生物量 Total biomass (g per unit)	0.70±0.04^a	0.86±0.13^b
叶生物量 Leaf mass (g)	0.30±0.04^a	0.42±0.07^b
茎生物量 Stem mass (g)	0.17±0.06^a	0.26±0.04^b
根生物量 Root mass (g)	0.23±0.04^a	0.18±0.02^b

图1 增温对尼泊尔酸模生物量分配的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。LMR, 叶/总生物量; RMR, 根/总生物量; R/S, 地下生物量/地上生物量; SMR, 茎/总生物量。

Fig. 1 Effects of temperature enhancement on biomass allocation of Rumex acetosa (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between open-top chambers (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05. LMR, leaf mass ratio; RMR, root mass ratio; R/S, root/shoot mass ratio; SMR, stem mass ratio.

图2 增温对鹅绒委陵菜生物量分配的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。图注同图1。

Fig. 2 Effects of temperature enhancement on biomass allocation of Potentilla anserina (mean ± SD, n = 5). The notes are the same as in Fig. 1.

图3 增温对垂穗披碱草叶片中C、N含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of temperature enhancement on C and N content in Elymus nutans leaf (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between the open-top chamber (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05.

图4 增温对尼泊尔酸模不同组分中C、N含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of temperature enhancement on C and N content in different parts of Rumex acetosa (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between the open-top chamber (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05.

图5 增温对鹅绒委陵菜不同组分中C、N含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of temperature enhancement on C and N content in different parts of Potentilla anserina (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between the open-top chamber (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05.

图6 增温对尼泊尔酸模不同组分中C、N分配的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of temperature enhancement on C and N allocation in different parts of Rumex acetosa (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between the open-top chamber (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05.

图7 增温对鹅绒委陵菜不同组分中C、N分配的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同处理间的不同字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Effects of temperature enhancement on C and N allocation in different parts of Potentilla anserina (mean ± SD, n = 5). Different letter denotes significantly different between the open-top chamber (OTC) plot and the control plot at p < 0.05.

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