太白红杉种实数量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太白红杉 (Larixchinensis) 是仅分布于我国陕西秦岭境内的国家二级保护植物, 研究其生殖规律将有助于加深对其濒危原因的认识。该文用单因素方差分析的方法研究了太白红杉种实数量特征, 并用Pearson相关系数检验了不同环境条件下的变化及其与环境因子和植株生长状况的关系, 结果表明种实数量特征在不同环境条件下差异明显, 太白山国家森林公园单株种子产量最高 ;长安光头山平均每株产生的种子总重、球果总重和球果平均重量最重, 平均每株球果数目和每球果种子数也是最多。多重比较表明牛背梁种群太白红杉种子千粒重最重。其中球果的种子数在小种群中较多 ;每株的种子总重量、球果平均重和球果总重在小种群中较重。太白红杉种实数量特征与海拔、坡度和坡向呈负相关, 与植株年龄呈正相关, 球果的种子数目与年均温呈正相关 (p <0.0 5 ), 而与一月均温呈负相关 (p <0.0 5 ) 。种子大小与种子总数呈弱正相关, 种子大小和数目间不存在权衡 (Trade-ff) 。

关键词: 太白红杉, 种子, 球果, 数量特征

Abstract:

Larix chinensis is an endangered plant distributed only in the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province, China. It forms pure forest stands that have important ecological functions of water and soil conservation at timberline at altitudes of 2 600 - 3 600 m. Studies on the quantitative characteristics of seeds and cones are necessary for understanding why this species is endangered. The variation among 7 quantitative characteristics of seeds and cones of Larix chinensis in different environments were examined, and the relationships between seed and cone characteristics and environmental factors were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results showed that characteristics of the seeds and cones in different environments were significantly different. Compared to the other populations, variance analysis indicated that there were greater numbers of seeds per cone (107.22±47.3), greater total weight of seeds per plant (25.47± 6.55 ), greater total weight of cones per plant (217.80±157.26), greater annual weight of cones (2 021± 0.44 ), a greater number of cones per plant (4 580±2 440.7), and a greater number of seeds per cone ( 72.8 ±5.83) in Guangtou Shan. Multiple comparison analysis demonstrated that the weight of seeds per plant, the average weight of a cone and the total weight of cones per tree were greater in small populations. The coefficient of variation of seed and cone characteristics in a population was high. The CV of the number of cones per plant was 63.47% and the weight of 1 000 seeds was 19.17%, indicating that the 7 measured characteristics of seeds and cones varied greatly within and among populations. The seed and cone characteristics showed a negative correlation with altitude, slope and slope direction and a positive correlation with age. The seed number per cone was positively correlated to annual average temperature (p<0.05) and negatively correlated to mean temperature in January (p<0.05). The size of seed was positively correlated with the total number of seeds. There was no trade-off between the size of seed and the total number of seeds.

Key words: Larix chinensis, Seed, Cone

王孝安, 王志高, 肖娅萍. 太白红杉种实数量特征. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(3): 367-372. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0048

WNAG Xiao-An, WANG Zhi-Gao, XIAO Ya-Ping. QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF SEEDS AND CONES IN LARIX CHINENSIS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(3): 367-372. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0048

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0048

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I3/367

图/表 4

参考文献 15

[1]	Abrahamson WG (1979). Patternofresourcesallocationinwildflow erpopulationoffieldsandwoods. AmericanJournalofBotany, 66,71-79.
[2]	Di WZ (狄维忠), Yu ZM (于兆美) (1987). TheFirstGroupofEndangeredPlantofShaanxiProvince (陕西省第一批珍稀濒危保护植物). NorthwestUniversityPress, Xi'an,41-44. (inChinese).
[3]	Fu LG (傅立国) (1991). TheRedBookofChineseRareandEndangeredPlants (中国珍稀濒危植物红皮书). SciencePress, Beijing,184. (inChinese).
[4]	Hans J, Rein B, Martin H (2002). Patchoccancy, populationsizeandreproductivesuccessofaforestherb (Primulaelatior) inafragmentedlandscape. Oecologia, 130,617-625. DOI URL
[5]	Jian ZX (建忠心), Li ZJ (李智军) (1985). TheCompositiveReviewPapersofTaibaiMountainsNatureReserveArea (太白山自然保护区综合考察论文集).ShaanxiNormalUniversityPress, Xi'an. (inChinese).
[6]	Liu QH (刘全宏), Wang XA (王孝安), Tian XH (田先华), Xiao YP (肖娅萍) (2001). Morphologicalandanatomicalcharacteris ticsofleafofLarixchinensisandtheirrelationshiptoenvironmen talfactorsinTaibaishanMountain. ActaBotanicaBoreali_Occi dentaliaSinica (西北植物学报), 21,885-893. (inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
[7]	Ma SB (马绍宾), Jiang HQ (姜汉侨), Huang HY (黄衡宇) (2001). AprimarystudyonseedproductionofmedicalplantSinopodphyllumhexandrum. ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology (应用生态学报), 12,363-368. (inChinesewithEnglishab stract).
[8]	Marc K, Diethart M, Hans HS (2000). ReducedfecundityandoffspringperformanceinsmallpopulationsofthedeclininggrasslandplantsPrimulaverisandGentianalutea. JournalofEcology, 88,17-30.
[9]	Salibury EJ (1942). TheReproductiveCapacityofPlants.BellandSons, London,1-244.
[10]	Schaal AB (1988). ReproductivecapacityandseedsizeinLupinustexensis. AmericanJournalofBotany, 69,703-709.
[11]	Wang XA (王孝安) (1997). Multivariateanalysisandenvironmen talinterpretationofplantcommunitiesinMaquGansu. ActaEco logicaSinica (生态学报), 17,61-65. (inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
[12]	Winn AA (1988). EcologicalandevolutionaryconsequencesofseedsizeinPrunellavulgaris. Ecology, 69,1537-1544. DOI URL
[13]	Zhang ST (张世挺), Du GZ (杜国祯), Chen JK (陈家宽) (2003). Thepresentsituationandprospectofstudiesonevolutionaryecol ogyofseedsizevariation. ActaEcologicaSinica (生态学报), 23,353-364. (inChinesewithEnglishabstract).
[14]	Zhu ZC (朱志诚) (1979). ChangesofvegetationinQinling. ScienceJournalofNorthwestUniversity (西北大学学报), 2,76-85. (inChinese).
[15]	Zhu ZC (朱志诚) (1980). Rudimentessayonmaintypeandevolu tionofLarchinQinling. ScienceJournalofNorthwestUniversity (西北大学学报), 4,57-64. (inChinese).

样方号 Sample No.	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 (度) Aspect (°)	坡度 (度) Slope (°)	年降水 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Annual temperature (℃)	1月均温 Mean temperature in January (℃)	7月均温 Mean temperature in July (℃)
s1	3 055	北偏西30° North by west 30°	30.0	823.78	2.58	10.34	13.21
s2	3 135	西偏北5° West by north 5°	24.0	820.16	2.51	10.39	13.08
s3	3 155	东偏南20° East by south 20°	25.0	817.78	2.45	10.48	13.02
s4	3 250	东偏南10° East by south 10°	26.0	814.23	2.42	10.89	12.58
s5	3 370	东偏北10° East by north 10°	36.0	805.56	2.25	11.15	12.54
s6	3 290	北偏西40° North by west 40°	38.5	796.92	1.85	10.93	12.38
s7	3 250	西偏南60° West by south 60°	42.0	803.56	2.02	10.79	12.58
s8	3 180	西偏南30° West by south 30°	32.0	813.15	2.28	10.58	12.87
s9	3 170	西偏北30° West by north 30°	20.0	818.25	2.46	10.52	12.18
s10	3 190	西偏北26° West by north 26°	27.0	813.15	2.28	10.58	12.87
s11	3 550	东偏南11° East by south 11°	33.0	952.45	3.69	8.87	8.07
s12	3 270	南偏东20° South by east 20°	34.0	996.92	4.85	7.93	9.38
s13	2 770	北偏东50° North by east 50°	25.0	868.70	3.80	9.01	11.70
s14	2 738	南偏西12° South by west 12°	26.0	868.70	3.80	9.01	11.70
s15	2 815	西偏北10° West by north 10°	35.0	854.40	3.90	8.98	11.30
s16	2 800	西偏南15° West by south 15°	37.0	851.20	3.90	8.73	10.36

样方号 Sample No.	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 (度) Aspect (°)	坡度 (度) Slope (°)	年降水 Annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Annual temperature (℃)	1月均温 Mean temperature in January (℃)	7月均温 Mean temperature in July (℃)
s1	3 055	北偏西30° North by west 30°	30.0	823.78	2.58	10.34	13.21
s2	3 135	西偏北5° West by north 5°	24.0	820.16	2.51	10.39	13.08
s3	3 155	东偏南20° East by south 20°	25.0	817.78	2.45	10.48	13.02
s4	3 250	东偏南10° East by south 10°	26.0	814.23	2.42	10.89	12.58
s5	3 370	东偏北10° East by north 10°	36.0	805.56	2.25	11.15	12.54
s6	3 290	北偏西40° North by west 40°	38.5	796.92	1.85	10.93	12.38
s7	3 250	西偏南60° West by south 60°	42.0	803.56	2.02	10.79	12.58
s8	3 180	西偏南30° West by south 30°	32.0	813.15	2.28	10.58	12.87
s9	3 170	西偏北30° West by north 30°	20.0	818.25	2.46	10.52	12.18
s10	3 190	西偏北26° West by north 26°	27.0	813.15	2.28	10.58	12.87
s11	3 550	东偏南11° East by south 11°	33.0	952.45	3.69	8.87	8.07
s12	3 270	南偏东20° South by east 20°	34.0	996.92	4.85	7.93	9.38
s13	2 770	北偏东50° North by east 50°	25.0	868.70	3.80	9.01	11.70
s14	2 738	南偏西12° South by west 12°	26.0	868.70	3.80	9.01	11.70
s15	2 815	西偏北10° West by north 10°	35.0	854.40	3.90	8.98	11.30
s16	2 800	西偏南15° West by south 15°	37.0	851.20	3.90	8.73	10.36

特征 Characters	变异来源 Source of variable	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F_value	显著性 Significance
种子总数/株 TC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	13 279.341 178 201.00 191 480.34	5 81 86	2 655.868 2 200.012	1.027	0.313
球果数 NS	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	3 479 400 440 511 921 479 991 321	5 81 86	7 895 879.967 5 438 418.783	1.452	0.215
种子数/球果 NSC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	5 276.32 4 128.025 9 404.345	5 81 86	1 055.264 50.963	20.706	0.000
种子千粒重 W	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	4.506E_02 0.321 0.366	5 81 86	9.01E_03 3.957E_03	2.278	0.054
球果均重 AC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	6.001 9.613 15.614	5 81 86	1.200 1.119	10.113	0.000
种子总重/株 TW	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	1 118.580 1 754.562 2 873.141	5 81 86	223.716 21.661	10.328	0.000
球果总重 TWC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	94 980.694 626 735.29 721 715.98	5 81 86	18 996.139 7 737.473	2.455	0.042

特征 Characters	变异来源 Source of variable	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F_value	显著性 Significance
种子总数/株 TC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	13 279.341 178 201.00 191 480.34	5 81 86	2 655.868 2 200.012	1.027	0.313
球果数 NS	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	3 479 400 440 511 921 479 991 321	5 81 86	7 895 879.967 5 438 418.783	1.452	0.215
种子数/球果 NSC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	5 276.32 4 128.025 9 404.345	5 81 86	1 055.264 50.963	20.706	0.000
种子千粒重 W	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	4.506E_02 0.321 0.366	5 81 86	9.01E_03 3.957E_03	2.278	0.054
球果均重 AC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	6.001 9.613 15.614	5 81 86	1.200 1.119	10.113	0.000
种子总重/株 TW	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	1 118.580 1 754.562 2 873.141	5 81 86	223.716 21.661	10.328	0.000
球果总重 TWC	组间 Among groups 组内 Wthin groups 总变异 Total	94 980.694 626 735.29 721 715.98	5 81 86	18 996.139 7 737.473	2.455	0.042

种群 Population	1	2	3	4	5	6	T
种子总重/株TW	18.50±3.83^a	17.25±4.29^a	15.00±5.77^a	25.47±6.55^b	25.21±4.07^b	24.87±5.61^b	19.42±5.78
变异系数CV (%)	20.68	24.86	38.46	25.74	16.13	22.55	29.76
种子数/球果NSC	53.00±6.43^a	51.54±7.10^a	51.83±5.83^a	72.80±5.83^b	68.50±8.00^b	69.20±7.21^b	56.86±10.46
变异系数CV (%)	12.13	13.78	11.25	8.00	11.68	10.42	18.40
种子千粒重W	0.35±0.05	0.34±0.07	0.29±0.09	0.35±0.04	0.36±0.06	0.34±0.07	0.34±0.07
变异系数CV (%)	13.83	21.07	32.75	10.37	16.20	19.17	19.17
球果均重AC	1.46±0.29^a	1.46±0.36^a	1.29±1.18^a	2.21±0.44^b	2.05±0.46^b	1.81±0.45^b	1.57±0.43
变异系数CV (%)	19.932	24.263	21.484	19.995	22.356	24.93	27.08
球果数NS	3 917.86±23.648 4	4 310.42±2 813.47	2 795.83±1 712.71	4 580.00±2 440.70	3 750.00±1 991.05	2 452.50±1 537.52	3 725.58±2 364.48
变异系数CV (%)	60.36	65.28	61.26	53.29	53.09	62.69	63.47
种子总数/株TC	107.22±47.30	86.21±56.53	55.92±34.25	91.60±48.81	75.00±39.82	54.50±24.17	75.14±47.18
变异系数CV (%)	47.30	65.67	61.25	48.81	39.82	52.70	62.79
球果总重TWC	107.22±52.55^a	133.77±114.52^a	74.02±45.94^c	217.80±157.26^b	154.46±94.47^bd	102.22±85.60^bd	120.09±91.61
变异系数CV (%)	49.012	85.61	62.064	72.205	33.406	83.74	76.28