黄土区草本植被根系与土壤垂直侵蚀产沙关系研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了系统揭示植被根系对径流侵蚀产沙的影响,采用土钻法对草地植被根系分布特征进行系统调查,采用分层冲刷的方法对黄土高原草地土壤不同坡度、不同流量条件下的侵蚀产沙特征进行了研究。结果表明不同立地上的植被根系都表现出了随着土层深度增加而减少的趋势。分层冲刷的试验结果表明在土壤表层,植被根系对侵蚀产沙的影响是占主导地位的;而当土层超过一定深度后,根系的分布数量减少,不同流量和坡度下的深层土壤侵蚀产沙量明显增加,根系提高土壤抵抗径流侵蚀产沙的能力受到了限制。同时随着土层深度的不断加大,坡面上径流侵蚀的形态也在发生变化,逐渐从面蚀向细沟侵蚀发展。结合对草地植被根系生物量垂直分布特征的研究,证明土壤侵蚀产沙的这种变化是与草本植被根系的分布特征密切相关的。通过进一步分析植被根系分布特征和土壤垂直侵蚀产沙之间的联系,建立了草地植被根系生物量与土壤垂直侵蚀产沙特征之间的定量关系。

关键词: 分层冲刷, 垂直侵蚀产沙, 根系, 黄土区

Abstract:

Current knowledge about root morphology and its impacts on soil erosion is limited and, therefore, detailed analyses of root system in controlling soil erosion are needed. In order to determine the effects of root system on soil erosion quantitatively, root investigation and stratified runoff scouring were conducted in field. The distribution of vertical root biomass on three sites decreased with the increase of soil depth in a similar manner. Most roots were concentrated in surface soil, and decreased to less than 0.2 kg·m^-3 in soil below the depth of 40 cm. There was no significant difference in root biomass on the same soil depth from different points. Results from stratified runoff scouring on different soil depths in the field indicated that, on the surface soil layer, the existence of root could effectively improve soil resistance to runoff erosion, and its effect on sediment yield was dominant. While in deeper soil, sediment yield increased with the decrease of root distribution, and was more related to slope gradient, runoff discharge and soil properties. In addition, with the progress of runoff scouring, the form of soil erosion changed from sheet erosion to rill erosion. Investigation of the root distribution patterns revealed that the vertical sediment yield was closely related to root distribution characteristics. Further analysis of the root distribution pattern and the vertical sediment yield allowed establishment of a quantitative relationship between root biomass and vertical sediment yield.

Key words: Root, Soil depth, Soil erosion and sediment yield, Loess Plateau

李鹏, 李占斌, 鲁克新. 黄土区草本植被根系与土壤垂直侵蚀产沙关系研究. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(2): 302-306. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0040

LI Peng, LI Zhan_Bin, LU Ke_Xin. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HERBACEOUS ROOT SYSTEM AND VERTICAL SOIL SEDIMENT YIELD IN LOESS AREA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(2): 302-306. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0040

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0040

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I2/302

图/表 6

参考文献 13

[1]	Cresswell HP, Kirkegaard JA (1995). Subsoil amelioration by plant roots——the process and evident. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 33,221-239.
[2]	Ghidey F, Alberts EE (1997). Plant root effects on soil erodibility, splash detachment, soil strength, and aggregate stability. Transaction of the ASAE, 40(1),129-135.
[3]	Gyssels G, Poesen J (2003). The importance of plant root characteristics in controlling concentrated flow erosion rates. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28,371-384.
[4]	Jiang DS (蒋定生), Fan XK (范兴科), Li XH (李新华) (1995). Researches on vertical and horizontal patterns of soil anti_scourablity on Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 9(2),1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Li P (李鹏), Li ZB (李占斌), Zhan TZ (澹台湛) (2005). Dynamics root distribution characters of herbaceous vegetation on the abandoned lands on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 16,849-853. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Li Y (李勇), Zhu XM (朱显谟), Tian JY (田积莹) (1991). Effectiveness of plant roots to increase the anti_scourability of soil on the Loess Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报), 12,935-938. (in Chinese)
[7]	Li Y (李勇) (1995). Plant Root System and its Relation with Soil Anti_scourability (黄土高原植物根系与土壤抗冲性). Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[8]	Liu GB (刘国彬), Jiang DS (蒋定生), Zhu XM (朱显谟) (1996). Study on grass root bio_mechanics in Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation (土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报), 2(3),21-28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Liu GB (刘国彬) (1997). Soil anti_scourability research and its perspective in Loess Plateau. Research on Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持研究), 4(5),91-101. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Reid BJ, Goss MJ (1987). Effect of living roots of different plant species on the aggregate stability of two arable soils. Journal of Soil Science, 32,521-541.
[11]	Waldron LJ, Dakessian S (1981). Soil reinforcement by roots: calculation of increased soil shear resistance from root properties. Soil Science, 132,427-435.
[12]	Zhou PH (周佩华), Wu CL (武春龙) (1993). Researches on the methods of soil anti_scourability on Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 7(1),29-34. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Zhu XM (朱显谟), Tian JY (田积莹) (1993). Research on intensifying soil infiltration and soil anti_scourability on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 7(3),1-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)

小区编号 Plot No.	流量 Runoff discharge (L·min^-1)	坡度 Slope (°)	植被覆盖度 Vegetative cover	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	坡向 Direction	坡位 Position	地点 Location
1	6.5	20	0.86	1.28	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
2	8.5	20	0.81	1.25	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
3	10.5	20	0.82	1.23	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
4	12.5	20	0.81	1.24	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
5	14.5	20	0.85	1.27	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
6	10.5	25	0.82	1.27	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
7	12.5	25	0.8	1.21	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
8	14.5	25	0.81	1.29	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
9	10.5	32	0.82	1.25	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
10	12.5	32	0.8	1.31	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
11	10.5	8	0.82	1.28	南South	坡下Lower	岳家山Yuejiashan
12	12.5	8	0.82	1.24	南South	坡下Lower	岳家山Yuejiashan

小区编号 Plot No.	流量 Runoff discharge (L·min^-1)	坡度 Slope (°)	植被覆盖度 Vegetative cover	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	坡向 Direction	坡位 Position	地点 Location
1	6.5	20	0.86	1.28	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
2	8.5	20	0.81	1.25	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
3	10.5	20	0.82	1.23	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
4	12.5	20	0.81	1.24	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
5	14.5	20	0.85	1.27	南South	坡上Upper	黄白洼Hangbaiwa
6	10.5	25	0.82	1.27	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
7	12.5	25	0.8	1.21	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
8	14.5	25	0.81	1.29	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
9	10.5	32	0.82	1.25	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
10	12.5	32	0.8	1.31	南South	坡中Middle	桐树洼Tongshuwa
11	10.5	8	0.82	1.28	南South	坡下Lower	岳家山Yuejiashan
12	12.5	8	0.82	1.24	南South	坡下Lower	岳家山Yuejiashan

地点 Site	流量 Runoff discharge (L·min^-1)	深度 Depth (cm)
		0~5	5~10	10~15	15~20	20~25	25~30	30~40	40~50	50~60
		产沙量 Sediment yield (g·min^-1)
	岳家山(8°) Yuejiashan	12.5	33.14	25.06	31.68	-	37.73	37.84	46.00	59.16	-
		10.5	11.27	20.81	23.87	-	34.73	34.05	38.90	50.84	-
	黄白洼(20°) Huangbaiwa	6.5	19.48	18.23	24.81	25.27	25.73	28.14	33.48	62.90	-
		8.5	14.24	20.67	12.46	18.13	23.81	16.80	65.71	111.53	-
		10.5	16.47	25.17	21.00	36.86	23.24	65.06	84.91	129.91	156.19
		12.5	22.47	91.25	31.94	69.32	53.99	80.94	161.42	255.79	-
	14.5	29.20	24.09	25.28	26.46	40.08	114.61	177.14	271.77	-
桐树洼25° Tongshuwa	10.5	15.91	19.57	22.50	39.67	111.83	118.42	134.43	143.03	-
	12.5	22.30	29.67	39.86	71.33	98.93	130.44	135.39	149.51	-
	14.5	28.03	25.18	45.39	80.33	107.62	133.19	151.42	179.71	-
桐树洼32° Tongshuwa	10.5	14.99	20.67	31.67	118.20	143.64	168.41	250.03	285.75	-
	12.5	56.63	61.42	93.60	101.10	122.21	160.71	240.05	285.55	-

地点 Site	流量 Runoff discharge (L·min^-1)	深度 Depth (cm)
		0~5	5~10	10~15	15~20	20~25	25~30	30~40	40~50	50~60
		产沙量 Sediment yield (g·min^-1)
	岳家山(8°) Yuejiashan	12.5	33.14	25.06	31.68	-	37.73	37.84	46.00	59.16	-
		10.5	11.27	20.81	23.87	-	34.73	34.05	38.90	50.84	-
	黄白洼(20°) Huangbaiwa	6.5	19.48	18.23	24.81	25.27	25.73	28.14	33.48	62.90	-
		8.5	14.24	20.67	12.46	18.13	23.81	16.80	65.71	111.53	-
		10.5	16.47	25.17	21.00	36.86	23.24	65.06	84.91	129.91	156.19
		12.5	22.47	91.25	31.94	69.32	53.99	80.94	161.42	255.79	-
	14.5	29.20	24.09	25.28	26.46	40.08	114.61	177.14	271.77	-
桐树洼25° Tongshuwa	10.5	15.91	19.57	22.50	39.67	111.83	118.42	134.43	143.03	-
	12.5	22.30	29.67	39.86	71.33	98.93	130.44	135.39	149.51	-
	14.5	28.03	25.18	45.39	80.33	107.62	133.19	151.42	179.71	-
桐树洼32° Tongshuwa	10.5	14.99	20.67	31.67	118.20	143.64	168.41	250.03	285.75	-
	12.5	56.63	61.42	93.60	101.10	122.21	160.71	240.05	285.55	-

流量 Runoff discharge (L·min^-1)	6.5	8.5	10.5	12.5	14.5
a	547.812 6	411.940 1	338.430 5	226.841 8	200.590 7
b	125.872 6	92.813 5	78.695 4	53.084 8	49.879 0
标准差 SD	0.000 5	0.000 5	0.000 6	0.000 8	0.000 9
相关系数 Correlative coefficient (R)	0.981 7	0.989 3	0.995 6	0.993 3	0.995 8