春季麻栎树干边材木质部液流垂直变化及其滞后效应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用热扩散式边材液流茎流探针(TDP)和微型自动气象站组成的测定系统,对泰山林科院林场麻栎(Quercus acutissima)人工林树干不同高度边材液流及其相关环境因子进行了连续观测,对影响边材液流的主要环境因子进行了相关性和滞后效应分析。结果表明:同一立木,树干上位边材液流流速上升快,高峰期持续时间短,但高峰流速较高,最大流速在0.002 cm·s^-1以上;树干下位边材液流流速上升、下降慢,液流高峰期持续时间较长,最大流速不超过0.001 cm·s^-1。太阳净辐射是麻栎边材液流最主要的影响因子,且成正相关,空气温度、空气相对湿度对边材液流的影响较小,空气温度与麻栎边材液流的影响成正相关,相对湿度与边材液流速率成负相关。边材液流与主要环境因子日周期波动在时间上存在延迟效应,延迟效应因树干高度和环境因子而变。树干上、中和下部边材液流与太阳净辐射变化的滞后时间分为80、20和30 min,与空气温度的滞后时间分别为60、130和110 min,与空气相对湿度的滞后时间分别为170、160和90 min。

关键词: 麻栎, 边材液流, 滞后效应, 环境因子

Abstract:

Aims Water consumption of single trees can be estimated by measuring the sap flow rate in trunk sapwood. Previous studies of sap flow had problems researching temporal correlations between environmental factors and sap flow because there is a lag time between environment and sap flow due to stomatal regulation in the leaf and water capacitance in the inner tissue of the trunk. Although this method has been used extensively for forest trees, it has not been reported for Quercus acutissima.

Methods We used a micro-meteorological station and thermal diffusion probes to measure daily meteorological factors such as total solar radiation (R_s), net solar radiation (TBB), air humidity (RH_a), air temperature (TP_a), wind speed (W_s), soil temperature (TPs), soil relative humidity (RHs) and the diurnal course of sap flow at lower (1.3 m), mid (4.5 m) and upper (8.0 m) heights of 40 a Quercus acutissima trunk in May 2005. The research site was on a south-facing hillside of Tai Mountain at the Forestry Centre, Forestry Science Academy of Taishan. Weather factors were sampled at 30 s intervals and recorded as 10 min averages. Sap flow velocity (SFV) was recorded by a Delta-T data logger at 10 min intervals. The temporal response of SFV to climate forcing factors was investigated using cross-correlation analysis over a range of time lags from -100 min to +180 min.

Important findings Patterns of daily and diurnal SFV fluctuation were different at the three trunk heights. SFV in upper trunk sapwood changed quickly and peaked >0.002 cm·s ^-1. SFV in the lower trunk changed slowly and was no more than 0.001 cm·s^-1. SFV in the mid-trunk was intermediate. The main environmental factors correlated with SFV were TBB, TP_a, RH_a, although their effects were not similar to each other (TPs and RHs were not significantly correlated to SFV). TBB showed the strongest (positive) correlation with SFV. TP_a and RH_a had weaker correlations: positive for TP_a and negative for RH_a. Correlations ranged from 0.265 to 0.944 for TBB versus SFV, from 0.409 to 0.869 for TP_a versus SFV and from -0.406 to -0.159 for RH_a versus SFV. The correlation of sap flow and environmental factors indicated that there were lags between SFV and TBB, TP_a and RH_a. Upper, mid and lower trunk lag times were about 80, 20 and 30 min, respectively, for SFV versus TBB, 60, 130 and 110 min for SFV versus TP_a and 170, 160 and 90 min for SFV versus RH_a.

Key words: Quercus acutissima, sap flow, lag effect, environmental factor

赵文飞, 王华田, 亓立云, 张迎辉. 春季麻栎树干边材木质部液流垂直变化及其滞后效应. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(2): 320-325. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0037

ZHAO Wen-Fei, WANG Hua-Tian, QI Li-Yun, ZHANG Ying-Hui. SPATIAL VARIATION OF SAP FLOW OF QUERCUS ACUTISSIMA AND ITS LAG EFFECT DURING SPRING. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(2): 320-325. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0037

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0037

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I2/320

图/表 5

参考文献 21

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日期 Date	峰值出现时间 Peak time (点钟 O'clock)
日期 Date	树干下部 Lower trunk (1.3 m)	树干中部 Mid-trunk (4.5 m)	树干上部 Upper trunk (8.0 m)	太阳净辐射 Net solar radiation (TBB)	空气温度 Air temperature (TP_a)	空气湿度 Air humidity (RH_a)
May 30	13:00	9:00	14:00	12:00	15:00	0:30
May 31	11:30	10:30	11:30	11:20	13:40	19:00
June 1	12:00	12:00	16:00	12:40	13:40	5:30
June 2	11:30	9:30	15:30	11:50	13:00	10:00
June 3	12:30	9:30	16:00	12:10	15:40	24:00

日期 Date	峰值出现时间 Peak time (点钟 O'clock)
日期 Date	树干下部 Lower trunk (1.3 m)	树干中部 Mid-trunk (4.5 m)	树干上部 Upper trunk (8.0 m)	太阳净辐射 Net solar radiation (TBB)	空气温度 Air temperature (TP_a)	空气湿度 Air humidity (RH_a)
May 30	13:00	9:00	14:00	12:00	15:00	0:30
May 31	11:30	10:30	11:30	11:20	13:40	19:00
June 1	12:00	12:00	16:00	12:40	13:40	5:30
June 2	11:30	9:30	15:30	11:50	13:00	10:00
June 3	12:30	9:30	16:00	12:10	15:40	24:00

滞后时间 Lag time (min)	树干下部 Lower trunk (1.3 m)			树干中部 Mid-trunk (4.5 m)			树干上部 Upper trunk (8.0 m)
滞后时间 Lag time (min)	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a
-100	0.878	0.487	-0.165	0.810	0.409	-0.159	0.936	0.613	-0.243
-90	0.893	0.520	-0.182	0.825	0.442	-0.174	0.941	0.641	-0.258
-80	0.906	0.553	-0.198	0.839	0.475	-0.189	0.944	0.668	-0.273
-70	0.915	0.584	-0.214	0.851	0.506	-0.204	0.943	0.693	-0.288
-60	0.922	0.615	-0.230	0.862	0.537	-0.219	0.939	0.717	-0.302
-50	0.927	0.644	-0.245	0.871	0.567	-0.234	0.932	0.740	-0.316
-40	0.929	0.671	-0.260	0.878	0.596	-0.249	0.922	0.761	-0.328
-30	0.930	0.697	-0.274	0.884	0.623	-0.263	0.908	0.780	-0.340
-20	0.928	0.722	-0.288	0.887	0.650	-0.278	0.891	0.798	-0.351
-10	0.924	0.745	-0.301	0.886	0.676	-0.213	0.872	0.813	-0.361
0	0.918	0.766	-0.313	0.884	0.700	-0.305	0.851	0.827	-0.371
10	0.909	0.785	-0.324	0.879	0.722	-0.317	0.827	0.838	-0.378
20	0.897	0.801	-0.334	0.872	0.741	-0.329	0.803	0.847	-0.384
30	0.884	0.816	-0.343	0.864	0.760	-0.339	0.778	0.854	-0.390
40	0.868	0.829	-0.351	0.854	0.776	-0.349	0.751	0.859	-0.394
50	0.850	0.840	-0.358	0.841	0.791	-0.357	0.724	0.863	-0.398
60	0.830	0.850	-0.365	0.827	0.803	-0.365	0.695	0.864	-0.401
70	0.809	0.857	-0.371	0.812	0.814	-0.372	0.665	0.864	-0.403
80	0.785	0.863	-0.376	0.794	0.824	-0.378	0.633	0.862	-0.405
90	0.760	0.866	-0.381	0.774	0.831	-0.383	0.600	0.857	-0.406
100	0.733	0.868	-0.385	0.752	0.837	-0.388	0.565	0.851	-0.406
110	0.704	0.869	-0.388	0.728	0.841	-0.392	0.530	0.843	-0.405
120	0.673	0.868	-0.391	0.703	0.843	-0.395	0.494	0.833	-0.405
130	0.642	0.865	-0.394	0.676	0.844	-0.397	0.457	0.823	-0.404
140	0.609	0.861	-0.395	0.648	0.843	-0.399	0.420	0.810	-0.402
150	0.575	0.855	-0.397	0.619	0.840	-0.400	0.382	0.795	-0.400
160	0.540	0.847	-0.398	0.588	0.836	-0.401	0.344	0.780	-0.398
170	0.505	0.838	-0.398	0.557	0.830	-0.402	0.305	0.764	-0.395
180	0.468	0.828	-0.329	0.525	0.823	-0.401	0.265	0.746	-0.401

滞后时间 Lag time (min)	树干下部 Lower trunk (1.3 m)			树干中部 Mid-trunk (4.5 m)			树干上部 Upper trunk (8.0 m)
滞后时间 Lag time (min)	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a	流速与净辐射 V vs TBB	流速与气温 V vs TP_a	流速与空气湿度 V vs RH_a
-100	0.878	0.487	-0.165	0.810	0.409	-0.159	0.936	0.613	-0.243
-90	0.893	0.520	-0.182	0.825	0.442	-0.174	0.941	0.641	-0.258
-80	0.906	0.553	-0.198	0.839	0.475	-0.189	0.944	0.668	-0.273
-70	0.915	0.584	-0.214	0.851	0.506	-0.204	0.943	0.693	-0.288
-60	0.922	0.615	-0.230	0.862	0.537	-0.219	0.939	0.717	-0.302
-50	0.927	0.644	-0.245	0.871	0.567	-0.234	0.932	0.740	-0.316
-40	0.929	0.671	-0.260	0.878	0.596	-0.249	0.922	0.761	-0.328
-30	0.930	0.697	-0.274	0.884	0.623	-0.263	0.908	0.780	-0.340
-20	0.928	0.722	-0.288	0.887	0.650	-0.278	0.891	0.798	-0.351
-10	0.924	0.745	-0.301	0.886	0.676	-0.213	0.872	0.813	-0.361
0	0.918	0.766	-0.313	0.884	0.700	-0.305	0.851	0.827	-0.371
10	0.909	0.785	-0.324	0.879	0.722	-0.317	0.827	0.838	-0.378
20	0.897	0.801	-0.334	0.872	0.741	-0.329	0.803	0.847	-0.384
30	0.884	0.816	-0.343	0.864	0.760	-0.339	0.778	0.854	-0.390
40	0.868	0.829	-0.351	0.854	0.776	-0.349	0.751	0.859	-0.394
50	0.850	0.840	-0.358	0.841	0.791	-0.357	0.724	0.863	-0.398
60	0.830	0.850	-0.365	0.827	0.803	-0.365	0.695	0.864	-0.401
70	0.809	0.857	-0.371	0.812	0.814	-0.372	0.665	0.864	-0.403
80	0.785	0.863	-0.376	0.794	0.824	-0.378	0.633	0.862	-0.405
90	0.760	0.866	-0.381	0.774	0.831	-0.383	0.600	0.857	-0.406
100	0.733	0.868	-0.385	0.752	0.837	-0.388	0.565	0.851	-0.406
110	0.704	0.869	-0.388	0.728	0.841	-0.392	0.530	0.843	-0.405
120	0.673	0.868	-0.391	0.703	0.843	-0.395	0.494	0.833	-0.405
130	0.642	0.865	-0.394	0.676	0.844	-0.397	0.457	0.823	-0.404
140	0.609	0.861	-0.395	0.648	0.843	-0.399	0.420	0.810	-0.402
150	0.575	0.855	-0.397	0.619	0.840	-0.400	0.382	0.795	-0.400
160	0.540	0.847	-0.398	0.588	0.836	-0.401	0.344	0.780	-0.398
170	0.505	0.838	-0.398	0.557	0.830	-0.402	0.305	0.764	-0.395
180	0.468	0.828	-0.329	0.525	0.823	-0.401	0.265	0.746	-0.401