西双版纳不同林龄次生植物群落优势树种的热值

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文对西双版纳的4种次生植物群落优势树种的热值进行了研究。4种群落类型分别是山黄麻(Trema orientalis)群落、白背桐(Mallotus paniculatus)群落、中平树(Macaranga denticulata)群落和思茅崖豆(Millettia leptobotrya)群落,群落年龄分别为2、4、6年和大于15年。4种群落各优势树种的平均干重热值分别为19 182.11、19 474.81、19 551.38和19 445.95 J·g^-1。总体来讲,热值随着群落年龄的增加而增加。增长的原因应该是群落光能利用效率的增加。思茅崖豆群落的热值稍有降低,是因为这个群落样地处在阴坡,不能接受到像其它3个群落那样在阳坡的充足光照。先锋树种的热值明显低于顶极树种。可能是因为在群落演替初期,生态系统增加能量耗散的主要方式是通过生物量的增加;而当结构建成,生物量增加到一定程度,已经没有足够增长空间的时候,生态系统将会改变能量储存方式,主要通过单位质量固定能量的增加,也就是热值的增加,来耗散能量。山黄麻群落中叶片的热值非常低,低于根的热值水平,是短命树种将能量更多地投资于繁殖的原因。

关键词: 能量, 热值, 优势物种, 次生演替, 西双版纳

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study is to determine the allocation pattern of caloric values in dominant species of the secondary forests that developed from deforestation of tropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.

Methods We studied three 20 m × 20 m plots in each of four communities: Trema orientalis forest, Mallotus paniculatus forest, Macaranga denticulata forest and Millettia leptobotrya forest, which were 2, 4, 6 and >15 years old. We recorded the species name and DBH of all trees with a diameter >3 cm. Caloric values of 17 dominant tree species were determined using five sample trees of each dominant species: one small tree, three intermediate and one large tree. The sampled parts were leaves, branches, stems and roots. The caloric values of three replications for each sample part were measured with a SDACM-IIIa oxygen bomb calorimeter, with an error less than 100 J·g ^-1. Differences were tested by t-tests.

Important findings The mean caloric values of T. orientalis, Mallotus paniculatus, Macarange denticulata and Millettia leptobotrya forests were 19 182.11, 19 474.81, 19 551.38 and 19 445.95 J·g^-1, respectively. Generally speaking, the caloric values of the climax tree species were greater than those of the pioneer. Differences between leaves were significant, but differences between branches, stems, roots and the average were not significant. The caloric values of different parts were ranked as: leaves > stems or branches > roots at the average level, although T. orientalis, Vitex quinata and Aporusa yunnanensis showed lower caloric value in leaves. Results suggest that there was an increase in the utilization efficiency of energy with aging of forests. Ecosystems develop by systematically increasing their ability to convert incoming solar energy; therefore, the transformation efficiency of energy was higher in climax trees than the pioneers. We postulated that in the early succession, ecosystems increase the absorption of energy though biomass accumulation; therefore, pioneer trees show lower caloric values. Along with build-up of organic structure, however, ecosystems augment the fixation of the energy quality, and then caloric values can be enhanced per unit weight.

Key words: energy, caloric value, dominant species, secondary succession, Xishuangbanna

乔秀娟, 曹敏, 林华. 西双版纳不同林龄次生植物群落优势树种的热值. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(2): 326-332. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0038

QIAO Xiu-Juan, CAO Min, LIN Hua. CALORIC VALUES ALLOCATION OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN FOUR SECONDARY FORESTS AT DIFFERENT AGES IN XISHUANGBANNA, SOUTHWEST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(2): 326-332. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0038

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0038

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I2/326

图/表 6

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森林类型 Forest type	林龄 Age	地点 Place	面积 Area (m²)	海拔 Altitude (m)	总物种数 Total number of species	优势树种 Dominant tree species	树木个体数 Total number of trees	相对优势度 RDO	相对密度 RDE	相对频度 RF	重要值 IV	优势物种重要值占总物种的百分比¹⁾(%)
山黄麻群落 Trema orientalis community	2	易武 Yiwu (22°00' N, 101°23' E )	20×20	800	23	山黄麻T. orientalis 微毛布荆Vitex quinata	135 16	0.68 0.03	0.58 0.07	0.08 0.08	1.34 0.18	0.51
白背桐群落 Mallotus paniculatus community	4	易武 Yiwu (21°57' N, 101°28' E)	20×20	1 250	37	白背桐Mallotus paniculatus 中平树Macaranga denticulata 山乌桕Sapium discolor 湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis	159 66 52 38	0.39 0.22 0.10 0.05	0.33 0.13 0.11 0.08	0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05	0.77 0.37 0.26 0.18	0.53
中平树群落 Macaranga denticulata community	6	勐远 Mengyuan (21°41' N 101°25' E)	20×20	900	45	中平树Macaranga denticulata 湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis 印度锥Castanopsis indica 细毛樟Cinnamomum tenuipilis 勐海柯Lithocarpus fohaiensis 截果柯Lithocarpus truncatus	110 46 32 25 31 14	0.42 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.06	0.26 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.03	0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03	0.72 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12	0.53
思茅崖豆群落 Millettia leptobotrya community	>15	小磨公路 55公里处 55 km from Xiaomo Gonglu (21°58' N, 101°12' E)	20×20	800	56	思茅崖豆Millettia leptobotrya 短序蒲桃Syzygium brachythyrsum 浆果乌桕Sapium baccatum 披针叶楠Phoebe lanceolata 云南银柴Aporusa yunnanensis 西南猫尾木Dolichandrone stipulata 印度锥Castanopsis indica 玉蕊Barringtonia macrostachya	149 30 2 24 13 8 5 4	0.21 0.08 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.03	0.46 0.09 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01	0.04 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03	0.71 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07	0.52

森林类型 Forest type	林龄 Age	地点 Place	面积 Area (m²)	海拔 Altitude (m)	总物种数 Total number of species	优势树种 Dominant tree species	树木个体数 Total number of trees	相对优势度 RDO	相对密度 RDE	相对频度 RF	重要值 IV	优势物种重要值占总物种的百分比¹⁾(%)
山黄麻群落 Trema orientalis community	2	易武 Yiwu (22°00' N, 101°23' E )	20×20	800	23	山黄麻T. orientalis 微毛布荆Vitex quinata	135 16	0.68 0.03	0.58 0.07	0.08 0.08	1.34 0.18	0.51
白背桐群落 Mallotus paniculatus community	4	易武 Yiwu (21°57' N, 101°28' E)	20×20	1 250	37	白背桐Mallotus paniculatus 中平树Macaranga denticulata 山乌桕Sapium discolor 湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis	159 66 52 38	0.39 0.22 0.10 0.05	0.33 0.13 0.11 0.08	0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05	0.77 0.37 0.26 0.18	0.53
中平树群落 Macaranga denticulata community	6	勐远 Mengyuan (21°41' N 101°25' E)	20×20	900	45	中平树Macaranga denticulata 湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis 印度锥Castanopsis indica 细毛樟Cinnamomum tenuipilis 勐海柯Lithocarpus fohaiensis 截果柯Lithocarpus truncatus	110 46 32 25 31 14	0.42 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.06	0.26 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.03	0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03	0.72 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.12	0.53
思茅崖豆群落 Millettia leptobotrya community	>15	小磨公路 55公里处 55 km from Xiaomo Gonglu (21°58' N, 101°12' E)	20×20	800	56	思茅崖豆Millettia leptobotrya 短序蒲桃Syzygium brachythyrsum 浆果乌桕Sapium baccatum 披针叶楠Phoebe lanceolata 云南银柴Aporusa yunnanensis 西南猫尾木Dolichandrone stipulata 印度锥Castanopsis indica 玉蕊Barringtonia macrostachya	149 30 2 24 13 8 5 4	0.21 0.08 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.03	0.46 0.09 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01	0.04 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03	0.71 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.07	0.52

	叶 Foliage	枝 Branch	干 Stem	根 Root
白背桐Mallotus paniculatus	1	2	3	4
山乌桕Sapium discolor	1	2	3	4
印度锥Castanopsis indica	1	2	3	4
西南猫尾木Dolichandrone stipulata	1	2	3	4
湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis	1	3	2	4
勐海柯Lithocarpus fohaiensis	1	3	2	4
截果柯Lithocarpus truncatus	1	3	2	4
短序蒲桃Syzygium brachythyrsum	1	3	2	4
披针叶楠Phoebe lanceolata	1	3	2	4
思茅崖豆Millettia leptobotrya	1	4	3	2
细毛樟Cinnamomum tenuipilis	1	4	3	2
浆果乌桕Sapium baccatum	1	4	2	3
玉蕊Barringtonia macrostachya	1	4	2	3
中平树Macaranga denticulata	2	4	1	3
山黄麻Trema orientalis	4	1	3	2
微毛布荆Vitex quinata	2	3	4	1
云南银柴Aporusa yunnanensis	4	3	1	2

	叶 Foliage	枝 Branch	干 Stem	根 Root
白背桐Mallotus paniculatus	1	2	3	4
山乌桕Sapium discolor	1	2	3	4
印度锥Castanopsis indica	1	2	3	4
西南猫尾木Dolichandrone stipulata	1	2	3	4
湄公锥Castanopsis mekongensis	1	3	2	4
勐海柯Lithocarpus fohaiensis	1	3	2	4
截果柯Lithocarpus truncatus	1	3	2	4
短序蒲桃Syzygium brachythyrsum	1	3	2	4
披针叶楠Phoebe lanceolata	1	3	2	4
思茅崖豆Millettia leptobotrya	1	4	3	2
细毛樟Cinnamomum tenuipilis	1	4	3	2
浆果乌桕Sapium baccatum	1	4	2	3
玉蕊Barringtonia macrostachya	1	4	2	3
中平树Macaranga denticulata	2	4	1	3
山黄麻Trema orientalis	4	1	3	2
微毛布荆Vitex quinata	2	3	4	1
云南银柴Aporusa yunnanensis	4	3	1	2