玉米地土壤呼吸作用对土壤温度和生物因子协同作用的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2005年玉米(Zea mays)生长季土壤呼吸作用及其影响因子的动态观测资料,分析了玉米地土壤呼吸作用的日和季动态及其对土壤温度和生物因子协同作用的响应。结果表明,玉米地土壤呼吸作用的日变化为不对称的单峰型,其最小值和最大值分别出现在6∶00~7∶00和13∶00左右;玉米生长季中,土壤呼吸速率波动较大,其均值为3.16 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1,最大值为4.87 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1,出现在7月28日,最小值为1.32 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1,出现在5月4日。在土壤呼吸作用日变化中,土壤呼吸速率(SR)与10 cm深度土壤温度(T)呈显著的线性关系:SR=αT+β。在整个生长季节,玉米净初级生产力(NPP)与直线斜率(α)呈显著正相关,生物量(B)也明显影响直线的截距(β)。基于此,建立了玉米地土壤呼吸作用动态模型SR=(aNPP+b)T+cB²+dB+e。土壤呼吸作用季节变化的大部分(97%)可以由土壤温度、NPP和生物量的季节变化来解释。当仅考虑土壤温度对土壤呼吸作用的影响时,指数方程会过大或过小地估计了土壤呼吸强度。该文的结果强调了生物因子在土壤呼吸作用季节变化中的重要作用,同时指出土壤呼吸作用模型不仅要考虑土壤温度的影响,在生物因子影响土壤呼吸作用的温度敏感性时,还应该把生物因子纳入模型。

关键词: 土壤呼吸作用, 土壤温度, 净初级生产力(NPP), 生物量, 时间变异性

Abstract:

Aims Based on the dynamic measurements of soil respiration and its environmental factors in a maize (Zea mays) field during the growing season in 2005, the diurnal and seasonal variations of soil respiration (SR) and their responses to the coordinated effects of soil temperature and biotic factors were studied. Our objective was to describe the effects of biotic factors on the response of soil respiration to soil temperature and to determine the seasonal variation of soil respiration during the growth season of maize.
Methods Soil respiration rates were measured twice monthly during the growing season (May-September) in 2005 using a soil respiration chamber (LI-6400-09, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE) connected to a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, LI-6400, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE). We inserted 15 soil collars into the soil and soil respiration was pooled over all 15 collars per plot. To catch the diurnal pattern, soil respiration rates were measured every hour from 6∶00 to 18∶00 on May 4, June 5, June 28, July 28, August 28 and September 22.
Important findings The diurnal variation of soil respiration showed asymmetric pattern, with the minimum value occurring around 6∶00-7∶00 hours (local time) and the maximum value around 13∶00 hours. Soil respiration fluctuated greatly during the growing season. The mean soil respiration rate was 3.16 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, with a maximum value of 4.87 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on July 28 and a minimum value of 1.32 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on May 4. During the diurnal variation of soil respiration, there was a significant linear relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (T) at 10 cm depth. During the growing season, the coefficients of α and β were fluctuated because the net primary productivity (NPP) of maize markedly increased the slope (α) and the biomass (B) markedly influenced the intercept (β) of the linear equation. Thus, the dynamic model of soil respiration was developed. Most of the temporal variability (97%) in soil respiration could be explained by the variations in soil temperature, biomass and NPP of maize defined in the model. However, just taking account into the influence of soil temperature on soil respiration, an exponential equation over- or underestimated the magnitude of soil respiration.

Key words: soil respiration, soil temperature, net primary productivity (NPP), biomass, temporal variation

韩广轩, 周广胜, 许振柱, 杨扬, 刘景利, 史奎桥. 玉米地土壤呼吸作用对土壤温度和生物因子协同作用的响应. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 363-371. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0044

HAN Guang-Xuan, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, XU Zhen-Zhu, YANG Yang, LIU Jing-Li, SHI Kui-Qiao. RESPONSES OF SOIL RESPIRATION TO THE COORDINATED EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND BIOTIC FACTORS IN A MAIZE FIELD. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 363-371. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0044

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0044

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/363

图/表 6

图1 2005年玉米生长季中10 cm和20 cm土壤温度(A)、降雨量、10 cm和20 cm土壤湿度(B)以及地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量和总生物量和净初级生产力(NPP)(C)的季节变化

Fig.1 Seasonal patterns of (A) soil temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm depth, (B) precipitation and soil water content at 10 cm and 20 cm and (C) seasonal variations of averaged shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) of maize during the growth season in 2005

图2 2005年5月4日、6月5日、6月28日、7月28日、8月28日和9月22日玉米地土壤呼吸速率的日动态土壤呼吸速率的数据为平均值及标准误差

Fig.2 Diurnal variations of soil respiration on May 4, June 5, June 28, July 28, August 28 and September 22 during the growing season of maize in 2005 Data of soil respiration rate represent means±SE (n=15)

表1 白天土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度(T)的相关关系

Table 1 Correlation coefficients of soil respiration rate during daytime with soil temperatures (T)

日期 Date	10 cm深度土壤温度 T at 10 cm depth (℃)	20 cm深度土壤温度 T at 20 cm depth (℃)	30 cm深度土壤温度 T at 30 cm depth (℃)
5月4日 May 4	0.976^**	0.475	0.145
6月5日 June 5	0.955^**	0.682^*	0.483
6月28日 June 28	0.980^**	0.976^**	0.826^**
7月28日 July 28	0.979^**	0.923^**	0.693^**
8月28日 August 28	0.986^**	0.842^**	0.695^**
9月22日 September 22	0.929^**	0.877^**	0.427

图3 玉米地土壤呼吸作用方程(5)(A)和(6)(B)验证,虚线为回归线,实线分别为95%可信区间和预测水平

Fig.3 Relationships between measured soil respiration and the modeled soil respiration (A, B) for all data combined during the growing season in the maize ecosystem, using Equation (5) (A) and Equation (6) (B), respectively. The dotted lines are regression lines, and the other solid lines represent the 95% confidence and prediction levels, respectively

表2 玉米生长季中6次测定日期中,方程SR=αT+β中α值和β值及其相应10 cm深度土壤温度(T)、10 cm深度土壤湿度(W)、生物量(B)、净初级生产力(NPP)、土壤全碳(C)和全氮(N)等环境因子

Table 2 Values of coefficients α and β of the equation (SR=αT+β) and corresponding environmental factors including soil temperature (T) at 10 cm depth, soil moisture (W) at 10 cm depth, biomass (B), net primary productivity (NPP) of maize, total carbon (C) and soil nitrogen (N) for each of the six measurement dates during a maize growth season in 2005

日期 Date	SR=αT+β				10 cm深度土壤温度T at 10 cm depth (℃)	10 cm深度土壤湿度W at 10 cm depth (%)	生物量B (g·m^-2)	NPP (g·m^-2·d^-1)	土壤全碳 C (%)	土壤全氮 N (%)
日期 Date	α	β	R²	p	10 cm深度土壤温度T at 10 cm depth (℃)	10 cm深度土壤湿度W at 10 cm depth (%)	生物量B (g·m^-2)	NPP (g·m^-2·d^-1)	土壤全碳 C (%)	土壤全氮 N (%)
5月4日 May 4	0.075 7	-0.061 7	0.95	<0.000 1	18.2	23.6	0.0	0.0	7.84 (0.32)	0.86 (0.05)
6月5日 June 5	0.118 8	-0.642 9	0.91	<0.000 1	23.3	33.1	17.4 (1.5)	0.7 (0.2)	8.61 (0.33)	0.91 (0.05)
6月28日 June 28	0.345 6	-4.776 8	0.96	<0.000 1	25.1	34.8	174.3 (15.8)	21.3 (1.5)	8.44 (0.31)	0.93 (0.02)
7月28日 July 28	0.431 4	-5.740 2	0.96	<0.000 1	24.4	34.7	1034.5 (35.1)	40.6 (3.2)	9.10 (0.12)	1.01 (0.02)
8月28日 August 28	0.194 6	-0.095 7	0.97	<0.000 1	24.1	36.9	2110.1 (51.7)	23.1 (2.2)	7.98 (0.11)	0.70 (0.02)
9月22日 September 22	0.103 6	0.722 1	0.86	<0.000 1	14.8	33.8	2477.2 (53.8)	12.2 (1.4)	8.46 (0.24)	0.70 (0.03)

图4 土壤呼吸作用的季节变化及其方程(5)和(6)对土壤呼吸作用季节动态的模拟垂直棒代表每天土壤呼吸的平均值及其标准误差。实线代表方程(5)的拟合,而点线代表方程(6)的拟合

Fig.4 Seasonal variations of measured and modeled soil respiration during the growth season of maize Symbols represent mean and standard error of soil respiration on every sampling day. The solid line represents Equation (5), and the dotted line is Equation (6)

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